Mastering Micro HW Chapter 9

In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene? To insert a desirable gene To remove an undesirable gene To replace a defective gene with a working gene To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene

To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene

Which statement regarding agricultural biotechnology is FALSE? Agricultural biotechnology is extremely limited because foreign genes cannot be inserted into plant cells. Scientists have created plants that produce an insect toxin originally found in bacteria. Scientists have used gene silencing to create tomatoes with a longer shelf life. Scientists have created plants that are resistant to herbicides by using a mutant enzyme gene from Salmonella.

Agricultural biotechnology is extremely limited because foreign genes cannot be inserted into plant cells.

Scientists like to use fluorescent proteins for various types of recombinant DNA procedures. You have a very small amount of the gene for a fluorescent protein. You'd like to make a fluorescent bacterium (!). What sequence of procedures that you would use?

Amplify the gene using PCR. Insert the gene into a plasmid vector. Transform the vector into the bacteria.

Which of the following best describes how recombinant DNA technology currently helps patients who do NOT produce adequate amounts of growth hormone (hGH)—a condition that otherwise leads to stunted growth? Recombinant vectors now produce hGH. Bacteria now produce hGH. Bacteria now produce rDNA coding for hGH. Recombinant vectors are used to stimulate hGH production in these patients.

Bacteria now produce hGH.

Which of the following best describes why a vector is used in genetic modification procedures? The clone must be able to produce proteins from the rDNA containing the gene of interest. The vector ensures that the clone remains pure. Cells usually won't copy an isolated gene sequence. The gene of interest must be isolated from adjacent genes.

Cells usually won't copy an isolated gene sequence.

Which of the following attaches the target gene to a desired location? Plasmids Chromosomal DNA Restriction enzymes DNA ligase

DNA Ligase

Which of the following methods could be used to identify the source of an outbreak? production of a recombinant protein DNA fingerprinting artificial selection reverse genetics

DNA fingerprinting

Recombinant DNA techniques typically involve generating a clone. Why?

Producing a clone generates many copies of the gene of interest.

Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell? Plasmids cannot be isolated outside of a host cell. Restriction enzymes can only be used inside of a cell. It can protect the recombinant DNA. It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.

It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.

Which of the following statements about recombinant DNA technology is FALSE? It allows researchers to make protein products of a gene. It can be used to screen individuals for many different types of genetic diseases. It allows researchers to make many copies of a gene of interest. It has limited application because genes of interest cannot be moved from one type of cell to another.

It has limited application because genes of interest cannot be moved from one type of cell to another.

Which of the following is NOT a property of useful vectors? They must be small enough to allow them to be manipulated prior to injection. They must have properties that allow their survival in the host cell. They always contain only one gene. They must be able to self-replicate.

They always contain only one gene.

How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences? They cut DNA at sequences that have lots of adenine bases. They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences. They have the ability to cut DNA randomly.

They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences.

Why is baker's yeast useful for expressing genetically engineered genes? The yeast cells do not secrete their protein products. Yeast cells are eukaryotic and so would likely be successful in expressing eukaryotic genes. Many inducible promoters from the yeast genome have been cloned, such as the lac operon. The yeast cells are best suited for making human products for medical use.

Yeast cells are eukaryotic and so would likely be successful in expressing eukaryotic genes.

Which of the following best describes a clone in the context of genetic modification procedures? a culture of genetically identical cells an identical copy of the gene of interest a cell that is genetically identical to its parent a vector once it contains a copy of the gene of interest

a culture of genetically identical cells

Foreign DNA can be inserted into cells using a variety of different methods. Which method involves the formation of microscopic pores in the cell's membrane? protoplast fusion electroporation heat shock transformation

electroportation

Which of the following pairings of recombinant DNA techniques and applications does NOT match? gene silencing: production of subunit vaccines PCR: making many copies of a segment of DNA gene therapy: replacing a defective gene genetic modification of yeast: production of purified insulin

gene silencing: production of subunit vaccines