MasteringBio. Chp 2

The chemical name for table salt is sodium chloride, or simply NaCl. What type of chemical is NaCl?

A compound

Identify the reactants in the following chemical reaction: C10H8 + 12 O2 10 CO2 + 4 H2O

C10H8 and 12 O2

Which is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?

Calcium

What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements

Carbon

________ is the polysaccharide most commonly found in highly fibrous foods such as celery

Cellulose

Why is one side of a single water molecule partially negative while the other side is partially positive?

Electron pairs are unevenly shared between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms.

What do we call the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body?

Metabolism

What kind of bond joins amino acids together to form a protein?

Peptide bond

What is another name for the polymers of carbohydrates?

Polysaccharides

What might happen if a protein has a change in one amino acid?

The amino acid chain folds incorrectly. The protein has a new shape. The protein can no longer function properly.

What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction?

The reaction will proceed more quickly

To a large extent, a protein's function is dependent upon its shape. What determines a protein's shape?

The sequence of amino acids

What are the ecological consequences of acidification of rain and oceans?

They damage the health of ecosystems

Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy?

Trans unsaturated fat

How can we explain that water is a solvent?

Water has a polar nature, and as such its polar molecules will bind to substances that have positive or negative charges.

A polypeptide is ________.

a long chain of amino acids

Something with a pH of 5 would be ________.

acidic

What are the monomers of proteins?

amino acids

The number of electrons of an atom determines its ________.

bonding properties

The bond in which bonded atoms share electrons is called a(n) ________.

covalent bond

The building of a large organic molecule from small subunits involves multiple ________

dehydration synthesis reactions

Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds

hydrogen

All lipids are ________.

hydrophobic

Enzymes are a type of ________.

protein