MasteringBio. Chp 2
The chemical name for table salt is sodium chloride, or simply NaCl. What type of chemical is NaCl?
A compound
Identify the reactants in the following chemical reaction: C10H8 + 12 O2 10 CO2 + 4 H2O
C10H8 and 12 O2
Which is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?
Calcium
What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on Earth?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements
Carbon
________ is the polysaccharide most commonly found in highly fibrous foods such as celery
Cellulose
Why is one side of a single water molecule partially negative while the other side is partially positive?
Electron pairs are unevenly shared between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms.
What do we call the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body?
Metabolism
What kind of bond joins amino acids together to form a protein?
Peptide bond
What is another name for the polymers of carbohydrates?
Polysaccharides
What might happen if a protein has a change in one amino acid?
The amino acid chain folds incorrectly. The protein has a new shape. The protein can no longer function properly.
What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction?
The reaction will proceed more quickly
To a large extent, a protein's function is dependent upon its shape. What determines a protein's shape?
The sequence of amino acids
What are the ecological consequences of acidification of rain and oceans?
They damage the health of ecosystems
Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy?
Trans unsaturated fat
How can we explain that water is a solvent?
Water has a polar nature, and as such its polar molecules will bind to substances that have positive or negative charges.
A polypeptide is ________.
a long chain of amino acids
Something with a pH of 5 would be ________.
acidic
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
The number of electrons of an atom determines its ________.
bonding properties
The bond in which bonded atoms share electrons is called a(n) ________.
covalent bond
The building of a large organic molecule from small subunits involves multiple ________
dehydration synthesis reactions
Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds
hydrogen
All lipids are ________.
hydrophobic
Enzymes are a type of ________.
protein