Math and Science Final

design technology

an area of engineering that integrates math, science, and technology

Piaget's sensorimotor period is a time when children begin to learn about the world. A) True B) False

A) True

Preoperational children need construction materials to explore. A) True B) False

A) True

Teachers should pay attention and respond when a child calls their attention to shapes in the environment. A) True B) False

A) True

When considering technology for young children, adults should consider the Internet, software, and calculators. A) True B) False

B) False

When items are grouped together because they come from the same place or belong to a special person, this is called grouping by function. A) True B) False

B) False

Learning about body parts helps children begin to understand that the whole is the sum of its parts. A) True B) False

A) True

Which of the following is a number comparison? A) "I have five rocks and you have three rocks." B) "The white rock is bigger than the gray rock." C) "This rock is heavier than that rock." D) "This rock is smooth and that rock is rough."

A) "I have five rocks and you have three rocks

An experience that is selected and initiated by the child is labeled naturalistic. A) True B) False

A) True

An important characteristic of preoperational children is centration. A) True B) False

A) True

Before they are able to do any formal addition and subtraction, children must practice counting and grouping. A) True B) False

A) True

By integrating various areas of the curriculum, teachers can reach a variety of learning styles. A) True B) False

A) True

Children with lack of behavioral control may have difficulty in sharing activities designed to teach parts and wholes of groups. A) True B) False

A) True

Children with special needs may need extra structured experiences such as finger plays and rhymes and counting concrete objects in order to develop the concept of a number. A) True B) False

A) True

Concept activities preplanned by an adult are called adult guided. A) True B) False

A) True

Concrete operations children are becoming conservers. A) True B) False

A) True

Counting is acquired through activities that are naturalistic and informal. A) True B) False

A) True

Divergent questions and directions encourage creativity and the willingness to guess and experiment. A) True B) False

A) True

Informal and adult guided learning experiences relate to the Vygotskian view. A) True B) False

A) True

The concept of developmentally appropriate practice in all areas of the early childhood curriculum has been the major focus of the National Association for the Education of Young Children. A) True B) False

A) True

The concept of number involves an understanding of oneness, twoness, and so on. A) True B) False

A) True

Three kinds of space relations include position, direction, and construction. A) True B) False

A) True

To separate a group into smaller groups is to subtract. A) True B) False

A) True

Understanding that the last number named is the quantity in the group is critical fundamental concept. A) True B) False

A) True

Varying the difficulty of questions asked can help the teacher reach children of different ability levels. A) True B) False

A) True

Very young children think that a cracker broken into smaller pieces is more than a whole cracker. A) True B) False

A) True

When an adult takes advantage of a teaching opportunity by intervening in the child's activity this is referred to as informal instruction. A) True B) False

A) True

Which criteria children select to group items is as important as the process of logical thinking. A) True B) False

A) True

Instances when an adult takes advantage of a teaching opportunity by intervening in the child's activity are referred to as: A) informal B) teacher initiated C) adult guided D) naturalistic

A) informal

Conducting the planned experiences with a child is called: A) planning activities B) selecting materials C) assessment D) teaching

A) planning activities

Planning concept experiences starts with: A) selecting objectives B) selecting materials C) assessment D) evaluation

A) selection objectives

The concept of object permanence is developed by the end of the A) sensorimotor period B) preoperational period C) concrete operations period D) formal operations period

A) sensorimotor period

Guides to expectations as to what children should know and be able to do at different ages and stages are referred to as: A) standards B) principles C) curriculum guides D) teaching guides

A) standards

Concepts can be characterized as: A) the building blocks of knowledge B) thoughts that are incomplete until adulthood C) ideas that young children do not yet have D) basic to math but not to science

A) the building blocks of knowledge

organization and pattern

Arranging things in space until they fit the child's needs and plans describes this.

construction

Arranging things until they please the eye describes this.

Which of the following is not an informal measurement? A) "I have more toys than you do." B) "I have two books." C) "I am taller than you." D) "We both have two cookies—that's the same."

B) "I have two books."

Adult guided activities are the most important in learning about shape. A) True B) False

B) False

Convergent questions and directions allow a child to think and act for themselves. A) True B) False

B) False

Each object in the environment has its own shape. A) True B) False

B) False

Preoperational children are able to reverse the process of change mentally. A) True B) False

B) False

Seriating is the term that refers to looking at a group of items and instantly knowing how many items are in the group. A) True B) False

B) False

The preoperational period extends from ages two to five. A) True B) False

B) False

Identify the nonroutine problem. A) Larry has four pennies and his Dad gives him five more pennies. How many pennies does Larry have now? B) Mary has five Barbies. Linda has three Barbies. How many more Barbies does Mary have than Linda? C) Larry has five small racing cars. He gives two to his friend Jim. How many racing cars does Larry have now? D) Nancy's mother has five cookies. She wants to give both Nancy and her friend Jody the same number of cookies. How many will each receive?

B) Mary has five Barbies. Linda has three Barbies. How many more Barbies does Mary have than Linda?

Principles and standards for school mathematics have been set forth by the: A) National Council of Teachers of Mathematics B) National Association for the Education of Young Children C) National Science Teachers Association D) National Research Council

B) National Association for the Education of Young Children

The concept of developmentally appropriate practice in all areas of the early childhood curriculum has been the major focus of the: A) National Council of Teachers of Mathematics B) National Association for the Education of Young Children C) National Science Teachers Association D) National Research Council

B) National Association for the Education of Young Children

Which of the following is the crux of the interrelationship between mathematics and science? A) One must learn basic mathematics first in order to understand science. B) The basic concepts of mathematics are the basic process skills of science. C) The basic concepts of science must be learned before the math skills. D) About half of the math basic concepts are related to science concepts.

B) The basic concepts of mathematics are the basic process skills of science.

Which one of the following is not characteristic of nonroutine problems? A) They have extra information or lack some information. B) They are straightforward and follow a simple pattern. C) They may involve estimation or may not have a clearly right or wrong answer. D) They should be applied to situations that interest children.

B) They are straightforward and follow a simple pattern.

Objects put together in a group based on common criterion such as color or shape are called: A) look-alikes B) a logical group C) matchups D) the same name

B) a logical group

Bredekamp and Rosegrant have adapted the learning cycle model for instruction that is the crux of teaching in: A) science B) both science and mathematics C) mathematics D) biology only

B) both science and mathematics

Equity must be considered relative to children's A) cultural background, home language, socioeconomic status B) everyday experiences, cultural background, home language, socioeconomic status C) everyday experiences, cultural background, home language D) teacher's interests, everyday experiences, cultural background, home language

B) everyday experiences, cultural background, home language, socioeconomic status

Precursors of conservation include: A) counting B) one-to-one correspondence C) comparing D) all of these answers

B) one-to-one correspondence

The basic rules that guide mathematics instruction are referred to as: A) standards B) principles C) curriculum guides D) teaching guides

B) principles

Which one of the following is not a material that provides for developmentally appropriate exploration of the geometric concept of shape? A) unit blocks B) printed matching sheet C) attribute blocks D) Lego®

B) printed matching sheet

As Bill sits on the floor stacking blocks, he hums a little song: "One, two, three, four, five, six, I would like to pick up sticks." Bill is: A) matching B) rote counting C) rational counting D) ordering

B) rote counting

Concept activities preplanned by an adult are called: A) informal B) child initiated C) adult guided D) naturalistic

C) adult guided

Children learn that things can be grouped together using all of the following features: A) color, shape, size, pattern, texture, material B) function, the association, class name, common features, number C) both a and b D) none of these answers

C) both a and b

Kim's juice is in a tall glass and Mai's is in a short glass. Kim says, "I have more juice than you do." Kim is: A) ordering B) rote counting C) comparing D) making a match

C) comparing

Rex says, "I see a circle." Rex is able to: A) discriminate B) sort C) label D) match

C) label

Kate lines some wooden blocks in a row. Then she puts a wooden figure on each block. This activity is: A) structured B) informal C) naturalistic D) traditional

C) naturalistic

Learning to hit the computer keys one at a time is an example of: A) substituting B) concreteness C) one-to-one correspondence D) seriating

C) one-to- one correspondence

Lai says she has more pennies than Maria. Each one picks up one penny at a time, saying a different number name each time they pick up a penny: "One, two, three, four, five." The girls are: A) matching B) rote counting C) rational counting D) ordering

C) rational counting

A child goes through a regular sequence of events such as arriving at school, participating in free play, eating a snack, painting or hearing a story, toileting, washing, eating lunch, taking a nap, having a snack, playing outdoors, and going home. The concept this child is learning is: A) size B) space C) time D) classification

C) time

In addition to awareness, exploration, and inquiry, which of the following processes are encompassed in the learning cycle for young children? A) generalization B) utilization C) recognition D) all of these answers

D) all of these answers

One-to-one correspondence occurs in which of the following activities? A) naturalistic B) informal C) structured D) all of these answers

D) all of these answers

The National Science Education Standards A) focus on inquiry. B) were coordinated by the National Academy of Science's National Research Council (NRC). C) were developed with the major professional organizations in science. D) all of these answers

D) all of these answers

The four steps in problem solving include which of the following? A) identifying a problem B) determining the possible outcome of solving the problem. C) exploring possible solutions and applying them to the problem. D) all of these answers

D) all of these answers

The steps involved in planning concept experiences begin with assessment, choosing objectives, planning experiences, and A) selecting materials B) teaching C) evaluation D) all of these answers

D) all of these answers

Separating and joining groups of things is called: A) playing B) sequencing C) making matches D) classifying

D) classifying

Early childhood encompasses three of the four Piagetian stages. Which one of the stages is not reached during early childhood? A) preoperational B) concrete operational C) sensorimotor D) formal operations

D) formal operations

Lev Vygotsky, a contemporary of Jean Piaget's, differed from Piaget in that: A) he did not agree that development occurs in stages B) his work did not focus on mental activity C) he put less emphasis on the importance of language D) he put more emphasis on the importance of interaction with adults and peers as critical for concept development

D) he put more emphasis on the importance of interaction with adults and peers as critical for concept development

Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences outlines several modalities, areas that: A) everyone should master for their best learning B) support logical and scientific learning C) include how the intellectually gifted person learns D) may be one or more areas or modalities through which an individual may learn most readily

D) may be one or more areas or modalities through which an individual may learn most readily

An experience that is selected and initiated by the child is labeled: A) informal B) internally controlled C) adult guided D) naturalistic

D) naturalistic

Which of the following does not make matching groups more difficult during structured activities? A) a lot of objects are in each group B) the groups are different C) the objects look similar D) none of these answers

D) none of these answers

The most fundamental component of the concept of "number" is the process of: A) counting B) ordering C) ranking D) one-to-one correspondence

D) one-to-one correspondence

The area between where the child is now operating independently in mental development and where she might go with assistance from an adult or a more mature child is called the zone of: A) best instruction B) important development C) proximal development D) proximity

D) proximity

Definitions of shapes are probably solidified around which one of the following ages? A) three B) four C) five D) six

D) six

Ray busily separates a pile of mixed shapes into groups of circles, squares, and triangles. Ray is able to: A) label B) discriminate C) match D) sort

D) sort

position

On-off; on top of-over-under; into-out of; top-bottom; and above-below are words that describe this.

direction

Up-down; forward-backward; around-through; to-from; toward-away from; and across-near-far are words that describe this.

math anxiety

a fear of mathematics

function

a feature for grouping in which some items do the same thing or are used for the same thing

association

a feature for grouping in which some things do a job together or come from the same place or belong to a special person

naturalistic experiences

learning experiences in which the child controls choice and action

informal learning

learning experiences initiated by an adult as the child is engaged in a naturalistic experience

number sense

makes the connection between quantities and counting

rational counting

matching each numeral name in order to an object in a group

ethnomathematics

mathematics learned outside of school

adult guided learning

preplanned lessons or activities

add

put together of join groups

logical grouping

putting objects together in a group based on common criterion such as color or shape

rote counting

reciting the names of the numerals in order from memory

subitizing

seeing "how many" instantly

subtract

separate a group into small groups

conservation

the ability to hold the original picture in mind and reverse physical change mentally

object permanence

the ability to realize that objects exist, even when out sight

reversibility

the ability to reverse the process of change mentally

representational thought

the ability to think through a solution before attacking a problem

centration

the characteristic of centering on the most obvious aspects of what is seen

cardinality rule

the last number name used is the number of objects in the group