MB ch. 8
Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics? Without an input of energy, organisms would tend toward decreasing entropy. Every energy transformation by a cell decreases the entropy of the universe. Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization. Conversion of energy from one form to another is always accompanied by some gain of free energy.
Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization.
Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? The entropy of the universe is decreasing. The entropy of the universe is constant. Energy cannot be transferred or transformed. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Which of the following is true of enzymes? Enzyme function is increased if the 3- D structure or conformation of an enzyme is altered. Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by providing activation energy to the substrate. Enzyme function is independent of physical and chemical environmental factors such as pH and temperature. Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy barriers.
Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reaction by lowering activation energy barriers.
What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP? It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction. It is acquired by a reactant in a spontaneous reaction. It is acquired by a reactant in an exergonic reaction. It is broken down into one phosphorus and four oxygen atoms. It is used to convert an ATP into an AQP.
It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction.
Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst? The catalyzed reaction will consume all of the catalyst. The catalyzed reaction will have higher activation energy. The catalyzed reaction will have the same G. The catalyzed reaction will be slower.
The catalyzed reaction will have the same G.
Which of these is ATP? The figure shows the molecule, which consists of two phosphate groups, ribose, and nitrogenous base adenine. The figure shows the molecule, which consists of three phosphate groups, ribose, and nitrogenous base thymine. The figure shows the molecule, which consists of three phosphate groups, ribose, and nitrogenous base adenine. The figure shows the molecule, which consists of three phosphate groups, deoxyribose, and nitrogenous base adenine. The figure shows the molecule, which consists of three phosphate groups, deoxyribose, and nitrogenous base guanine.
The figure shows the molecule, which consists of three phosphate groups, ribose, and nitrogenous base adenine.
In cells, what is usually the immediate source of energy for an endergonic reaction? as spontaneous reactions, endergonic reactions do not need an addition of energy glucose sugar ATP ADP
atp
A system at chemical equilibrium _____. releases energy at a steady rate can do no work consumes energy at a steady rate has zero kinetic energy
can do no work
In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP? anabolism potentiation cellular respiration digestion redox
cellular respiration
Anabolic pathways _____. consume energy to build up polymers from monomers are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers consume energy to decrease the entropy of the organism and its environment
consume energy to build up polymers from monomers
The reaction ADP + P --> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction. hydrolysis chemical exergonic endergonic spontaneous
endergonic
Which of these reactions requires a net input of energy from its surroundings? exergonic ATP --> ADP + P endergonic catabolic hydrolysis
endergonic
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____. energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another if you conserve energy you will not be as tired no chemical reaction is 100 percent efficient the net amount of disorder is always increasing the entropy of the universe is always increasing
energy neither created nor destroyed
A(n) _____ reaction occurs spontaneously. endergonic chemical exergonic kinetic anabolic
exergonic
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction. exergonic glucose + glucose --> maltose synthesis anabolic ADP + P --> ATP
exergonic
The following reaction A --> B + C + heat is a(n) _____ reaction. endergonic exchange anabolic exergonic dehydration synthesis
exergonic
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as _____ is to _____. exergonic; spontaneous free energy; entropy work; energy exergonic; endergonic
exergonic..... endergonic
Select the INCORRECT association. kinetic energy ... motion potential energy ... positional energy exergonic ... uphill enzyme ... protein exergonic ... spontaneous
exergonic.......uphill
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration? heat, carbon dioxide, and water carbon dioxide and water ATP, carbon dioxide, and water ATP and carbon dioxide glucose, carbon dioxide, and water
heat, carbon dioxide, and water
What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule? dehydration decomposition hydrolysis entropic anabolism dehydration synthesis
hydrolysis
Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? a molecule of glucose light flashes emitted by a firefly water rushing over Niagara Falls a crawling beetle foraging for food
molecule of glucose
Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy. motion potential kinetic heat entropic
potential
Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy? an archer with a flexed bow a space station orbiting Earth a person sitting on a couch while watching TV a rock on a mountain ledge the high-energy phosphate bonds of a molecule of ATP
space station orbiting earth
Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because _____. heat can never be used to do work heat must remain constant during work heat is not a form of energy temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell
temperature is usually uniform thoroughout a cell
What is energy coupling? a barrier to the initiation of a reaction the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P the use of an enzyme to reduce EA the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction a description of the energetic relationship between the reactants and products in an exergonic reaction
the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
Which part of the adenosine triphosphate molecule is released when it is hydrolyzed to provide energy for biological reactions? View Available Hint(s) α -phosphate (the phosphate closest to ribose) β-phosphate (the middle phosphate) γ-phosphate (the terminal phosphate) adenine group ribose sugar
y-phosphate (terminal phosphate)
The mathematical expression for the change in free energy of a system is ΔG =ΔH - TΔS. Which of the following is (are) correct? ΔS is the change in enthalpy, a measure of randomness. T is the temperature in degrees Celsius. ΔG is the change in free energy. ΔH is the change in entropy, the energy available to do work.
ΔG is the change in free energy.
