MB Chapter 4 Quiz

Do all bacterial cells have the same structures? There are some structures that are common to all prokaryotic cells, and others that are only found in some bacterial species or strains. Select the structures below that are found in all bacterial cells. - plasma membrane - flagella - ribosomes - pilus (pili) - nucleoid - fimbriae - cytoplasm - cell wall - capsule

- plasma membrane - ribosomes - nucleoid - cytoplasm

In the figure, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids? a b both a and b neither a nor b The answer cannot be determined.

A

Which drawing in the figure possesses an axial filament? d e a b c

A

How are Gram-positive and Gram-negative flagella different? A. A Gram-positive flagellum has only two rings in its basal body; Gram-negatives each have four. B. A Gram-positive flagellum does not have a membrane covering its filament; A Gram-negative flagellum does. C. Each Gram-positive flagellum contains a hook; gram-negatives do not. D. Flagella are only found in Gram-negative bacteria.

A. A Gram-positive flagellum has only two rings in its basal body; Gram-negatives each have four.

Why is ATP necessary for active transport? A. ATP provides energy to transfer material against its concentration gradient. B. ATP is a constituent of the electrochemical gradient. C. ATP is an important structural element of transport proteins. D. ATP is in higher concentrations inside of the cell.

A. ATP provides energy to transfer material against its concentration gradient.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes. B. Endospores are for reproduction. C. A cell can produce many endospores. D. A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing. E. Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.

A. Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes.

Which of the following statements about bacterial flagella is true? A. Flagella can rotate 360 degrees. B. Flagella work by undulating. C. Bacteria can only rotate flagella counterclockwise. D. Bacteria can only rotate flagella clockwise.

A. Flagella can rotate 360 degrees.

Porins are present in ______________bacteria because, in these organisms, molecules entering the cell must pass through an extra layer of ___________. A. Gram-negative; membrane B. Gram-positive; membrane C. both Gram-negative and Gram-positive; membrane D. Gram-positive; peptidoglycan E. Gram-negative; peptidoglycan

A. Gram-negative; membrane

How is simple diffusion different from other types of passive transport? A. Simple diffusion does not require a permease. B. Simple diffusion is only the diffusion of water. C. Simple diffusion requires ATP. D. Simple diffusion only brings material into the cell, not out of it.

A. Simple diffusion does not require a permease.

What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in distilled water with lysozyme? A. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. B. Water will leave the cell. C. Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell. D. The cell will plasmolyze. E. No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

A. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.

Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is false? A. They are sensitive to penicillin. B. They are toxic to humans. C. They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids. D. They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment. E. Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.

A. They are sensitive to penicillin.

Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl? A. Water will move out of the cell. B. Water will move into the cell. C. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. D. No change will result; the solution is isotonic. E. Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.

A. Water will move out of the cell.

Which type of solution would cause a bacterium with a weak or damaged cell wall to burst as water moves into the cell? A. a hypotonic solution B. either a hypotonic or an isotonic solution C. an isotonic solution D. a hypertonic solution

A. a hypotonic solution A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of the cell; therefore, water would move into the cell, which might cause a weak or damaged cell to rupture.

Nonspecific permeases A. allow a variety of molecules to cross the cytoplasmic membrane. B. allow only one type of solute to pass through the membrane. C. are not used for passive transport. D. allow only water to cross the cytoplasmic membrane.

A. allow a variety of molecules to cross the cytoplasmic membrane.

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits the formation of peptide cross-links. Amoxicillin, therefore, would most likely inhibit the growth of __________. A. both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms B. neither Gram-positive nor Gram-negative organisms C. only Gram positive organisms D. only Gram-negative organisms

A. both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms

The structural framework in a cell is the A. cytoskeleton. B. endomembrane system. C. endoplasmic reticulum (ER). D. plasma membrane. E. extracellular matrix.

A. cytoskeleton. ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).

Taxis is A. movement towards or away from a stimulus. B. another word for stimulus. C. caused by the undulating motion of a bacterium. D. another term for bacterial tumbling.

A. movement towards or away from a stimulus.

Antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of A. osmotic lysis. B. plasmolysis. C. cell shrinkage. D. decreased synthesis of peptidoglycan. E. inhibition of molecular transport.

A. osmotic lysis.

Each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true EXCEPT it A. protects the cell in a hypertonic environment. B. contains teichoic acids. C. maintains the shape of the cell. D. is sensitive to lysozyme. E. is sensitive to penicillin.

A. protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched? A. ribosomes - protein storage B. sulfur granules - energy reserve C. gas vacuoles - flotation D. metachromatic granules - phosphate storage E. lipid inclusions - energy reserve

A. ribosomes - protein storage

Peritrichous bacteria make a run when A. the flagella turn counterclockwise and become bundled. B. the flagella turn clockwise and separate. C. the flagella turn counterclockwise and separate. D. the flagella turn clockwise and become bundled.

A. the flagella turn counterclockwise and become bundled.

Hydrophobic molecules would enter a cell A. through integral transport proteins. B. by active transport directly across the membrane. C. by passive transport directly across the membrane.

A. through integral transport proteins.

In the figure, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins? a b both a and b neither a nor b The answer cannot be determined.

B

In the figure, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall? a b both a and b neither a nor b The answer cannot be determined.

B

In the figure, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by alcohol? a b both a and b neither a nor b The answer cannot be determined.

B

In the figure, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)? a b both a and b neither a nor b The answer cannot be determined.

B

In the figure, which diagram of a cell wall possesses molecules responsible for symptoms associated with infection? a b both a and b neither a nor b The answer cannot be determined.

B

Which drawing in the figure is a tetrad? a b c d e

B

Which of the following scenarios is an example of bacterial motility? A. A bacterium traveling through the air from a sneeze B. A bacterium moving towards a food source C. A bacterium being removed from the skin during hand washing

B. A bacterium moving towards a food source

Which of the following is NOT part of the passive transport process? A. transporter proteins B. ATP C. aquaporins D. plasma membrane E. concentration gradient

B. ATP

Sodium and potassium ions need to be pumped simultaneously against their concentration gradients. Which one of the transport proteins would be most effective at this? A. Uniport B. Antiport C. Symport D. Any would work, as they can all pump ions out.

B. Antiport

How does water enter and exit a cell? A. By simple diffusion across the membrane B. By simple diffusion or by use of an integral transport protein C. By use of an integral transport protein D. By use of a peripheral transport protein

B. By simple diffusion or by use of an integral transport protein

Which statement regarding the structure or function of ribosomes is correct? A. Ribosomes are the sites of lipid biosynthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B. In eukaryotes, the ribosomes found in chloroplasts and mitochondria are 70S ribosomes, which are similar in size to prokaryotic ribosomes. C. Ribosomes are found both free-floating and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and in prokaryotes. D. The ribosomes in the prokaryote are slightly larger than those found in the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum.

B. In eukaryotes, the ribosomes found in chloroplasts and mitochondria are 70S ribosomes, which are similar in size to prokaryotic ribosomes. The fact that prokaryotic ribosomes and the ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size provides evidence for the endosymbiosis theory.

Which of the following statements accurately describes specific bacterial cell walls? A. In bacteria with acid-fast cell walls, the carboxylic acid in the walls forms a layer outside a thin layer of hydrophilic polypeptides. B. In gram-negative bacteria, the thin layer of peptidoglycan is surrounded by an external membrane made of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, and proteins. C. The cell walls of gram-negative bacteria contain many more layers of peptidoglycan than those of gram-positive bacteria. D. Gram-negative bacterial cell walls contain teichoic acids, whereas the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria do not.

B. In gram-negative bacteria, the thin layer of peptidoglycan is surrounded by an external membrane made of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, and proteins. The difference in peptidoglycan thickness and the outer membrane distinguishes gram-positive from gram-negative bacteria.

Which of the following molecules would be blocked by a cell membrane? A. Simple alcohols B. Ions C. Water D. Dissolved oxygen

B. Ions

Which of the following statements is correct about diffusion across a membrane? A. It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. B. It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein. C. It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell. D. It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. E. It may require a transport protein.

B. It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.

Which of the following statements regarding active transport is false? A. It requires the use of a transport protein. B. It powers the diffusion of water across the cell membrane. C. It requires ATP.

B. It powers the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.

Which of the following types of bacterial cells would have only a single flagellum? A. Amphitrichous B. Monotrichous C. Lophotrichous D. Peritrichous E. Lophotrichous and monotrichous

B. Monotrichous

Which of the following terms refers to a bacterium moving towards a light source? A. Negative phototaxis B. Positive phototaxis C. Positive chemotaxis D. Negative chemotaxis

B. Positive phototaxis

Which of the following would not move freely across the cytoplasmic membrane? A. Dissolved oxygen B. Positively charged hydrogen ions C. Small alcohols D. Dissolved carbon dioxide

B. Positively charged hydrogen ions

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes? A. composed of a phospholipid bilayer B. contains cholesterol C. is selectively permeable D. site of energy production E. contains proteins

B. contains cholesterol

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles? A. rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) B. lysosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) E. mitochondria

B. lysosomes

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell? A. extracellular matrix B. plasma membrane C. endomembrane system D. cytoskeleton E. nuclear envelope

B. plasma membrane

Where are lipids made in the cell? A. mitochondria B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) C. rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) D. ribosomes E. Golgi apparatus

B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Tumbles occur when A. the flagella rotate counterclockwise. B. the flagella rotate clockwise. C. the flagella stop rotating. D. the flagella undulate.

B. the flagella rotate clockwise.

A positively charged sodium ion A. freely diffuses directly across the cell membrane. B. would require the use of integral protein channels to pass through a cell membrane. C. would get stuck in the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

B. would require the use of integral protein channels to pass through a cell membrane.

Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells but is ABSENT from the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells? A. water B. enzymes C. DNA D. a cytoskeleton

C. DNA

What structural part of a bacterial flagellum is composed of flagellin? A. Rod B. Basal body C. Filament D. Hook

C. Filament

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system? A. ribosomes B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. flagellum E. cytoskeleton

C. Golgi apparatus The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.

What is a hallmark of passive transport across cell membranes? A. It occurs along an electrochemical gradient. B. It cannot occur without assistance from an integral membrane protein. C. It occurs along an electrochemical gradient, and may involve the use of transport proteins. D. It may involve the use of transport proteins. E. It requires the use of ATP.

C. It occurs along an electrochemical gradient, and may involve the use of transport proteins.

Which of the following molecules is shared by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms? A. lipopolysaccharide B. lipoteichoic acid C. N-acetylmuramic acid D. lipid A

C. N-acetylmuramic acid

Which of the following facts does NOT provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? A. The ribosomes contained within mitochondria and chloroplasts are very similar to prokaryotic ribosomes. B. The same antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotes also inhibit protein synthesis within mitochondria and chloroplasts. C. Prokaryotes contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls. D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA, similar to the DNA in prokaryotes.

C. Prokaryotes contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls. This is not evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory; rather, it highlights a difference between bacteria and mitochondria and chloroplasts.

The basal body is comprised of which structural component(s) of flagella? A. Hook B. Filament C. Rod and Rings D. Rod and Hook E. Rod F. Rings

C. Rod and Rings

What type of transport uses two transport proteins? A. Uniport B. Antiport C. Symport D. None of the proteins do E. All of the proteins do

C. Symport

Which type of active transport protein moves two molecules into the cell at the same time? A. Uniport B. Antiport C. Symport D. Antiport and Symport E. Uniport, Symport, and Antiport

C. Symport

What will happen to a cell that is placed in a solution containing a high concentration of sugar, a molecule that cannot pass across the cell membrane? A. The cell will swell up with water and burst. B. The cell will pump the salt in the cytoplasm out of the cell via simple diffusion. C. The cell will lose its interior water, causing it to shrivel up and possibly die.

C. The cell will lose its interior water, causing it to shrivel up and possibly die.

Why is no energy required in passive transport? A. Transport proteins move the molecules, so no energy is required. B. The membrane physically moves the molecules. C. The concentration gradient drives the movement.

C. The concentration gradient drives the movement.

Why are receptors on the cell surface necessary for bacterial movement? A. The receptors actually spin the flagella. B. The bacterium contains receptors that are sensitive to light. C. The receptors sense the stimulus and send signals to the flagella. D. The receptors physically alter shape to steer the bacterium.

C. The receptors sense the stimulus and send signals to the flagella.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells? A. Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane. B. They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. C. They lack a plasma membrane. D. They reproduce by binary fission. E. They typically have a circular chromosome.

C. They lack a plasma membrane.

Why are ATPases associated with active transport proteins? A. They allow for the production of ATP that is needed during active transport. B. They help pump phosphate ions across the membrane to maintain the electrochemical gradient. C. They provide transport proteins with the energy needed to pump molecules against their concentration gradients. D. They are important only in symport proteins, because two are required. E. All of the above

C. They provide transport proteins with the energy needed to pump molecules against their concentration gradients.

Efflux pumps can be used to pump antibiotics out of a cell once they enter to protect the cell. This will be done against the concentration gradient of the antibiotic. Which of the active transports would most likely be used? A. Symport B. Antiport C. Uniport

C. Uniport A Uniport would pump the antibiotic out without needing to bring additional molecules into the cell, and would not allow the antibiotic to diffuse back in.

By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration? A. facilitated diffusion B. extracellular enzymes C. active transport D. simple diffusion E. aquaporins

C. active transport

Pathogenic bacteria A. have a unique basal body structure. B. do not have flagella. C. can be identified and classified by differences in their flagellar proteins. D. are unique because they have a membrane covering the filament.

C. can be identified and classified by differences in their flagellar proteins.

Which of the following are NOT energy reserves? A. metachromatic granules B. sulfur granules C. carboxysomes D. polysaccharide granules E. lipid inclusions

C. carboxysomes

In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in A. mesosomes. B. ribosomes. C. chromatophores. D. chloroplasts. E. cytoplasm.

C. chromatophores.

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell A. lives in an extreme environment. B. has a mitochondrion. C. has a cell wall. D. has 9 pairs + 2 flagella. E. has cilia.

C. has a cell wall.

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm? A. Rough ER B. ATP C. mRNA D. ribosomes E. DNA

C. mRNA The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored? A. rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) C. nucleus D. Golgi apparatus E. lysosomes

C. nucleus

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell? A. flagella B. around organelles C. plasma membrane D. ribosomes E. plasma membrane and around organelles

C. plasma membrane

As a bacterium approaches a food source, one would expect A. tumbles to become more frequent. B. flagella to rotate clockwise more frequently. C. runs to become more frequent. D. flagella to stop spinning.

C. runs to become more frequent.

The terms run and tumble are generally associated with A. cell wall fluidity. B. clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria. C. taxic movements of the cell. D. cell membrane synthesis.

C. taxic movements of the cell.

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane A. through porins. B. through facilitated diffusion. C. through simple diffusion. D. with the help of a nonspecific transporter. E. by osmosis.

C. through simple diffusion.

Integral proteins are mostly involved in A. receptors. B. recognition sites. C. transport function. D. enzymatic function.

C. transport function.

Which drawing in the figure is streptococci? c e a b d

D

Which type of active transport protein uses one protein to pump two different molecules? A. Symport B. Uniport C. Uniport, Antiport, and Symport D. Antiport and Symport E. Antiport

D. Antiport and Symport

Which molecule shown in the animation, the square or the circle, is moving against its concentration gradient? A. The square B. The circle C. Neither; they are both moving with their respective concentration gradients. D. Both the circle and the square

D. Both the circle and the square

Select the most accurate description for the function of pili: A. Pili are used for attachment to surfaces. B. Pili are used for motility. C. Pili are used to transfer DNA. D. Pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility. E. Pili are used to transfer DNA and for attachment to surfaces.

D. Pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.

Which of the active transport types employs diffusion? A. All types of active transport make use of some form of diffusion. B. Antiport C. Uniport and Antiport D. Symport E. Uniport

D. Symport

What makes phospholipid membranes good at keeping some molecules out, and allowing others to freely pass? A. They are completely hydrophobic. B. They are completely hydrophilic. C. They are positively charged. D. They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

D. They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Which transport protein employs transporters that move molecules only in one direction? A. Uniport B. Uniport, Antiport, and Symport C. Uniport and Antiport D. Uniport and Symport E. Antiport F. Symport

D. Uniport and Symport

How is osmosis different from simple diffusion? A. Water requires energy to move across a cytoplasmic membrane. B. Water cannot pass freely across the membrane. C. Water requires a special permease. D. Water movement is driven by the concentration of solutes rather than its own concentration.

D. Water movement is driven by the concentration of solutes rather than its own concentration.

The rings A. are comprised of globular proteins called flagellin. B. are curved structures into which each filament inserts. C. are covered by a membrane. D. anchor the flagellum to the cell membrane.

D. anchor the flagellum to the cell membrane.

Which structure acts like an invisibility cloak and protects bacteria from being phagocytized? A. fimbriae B. cell wall C. cell membrane D. capsule E. slime layer

D. capsule

You are observing a Gram stain of spherical-shaped microorganisms that are linked in a chain and stain purple. How would you describe these bacteria using the correct terminology for the cell shape and arrangement? A. gram-negative staphylococci B. gram-positive tetrads C. gram-positive coccobacilli D. gram-positive streptococci

D. gram-positive streptococci Gram-positive cells stain purple, and the term streptococci indicates a chain of spherical-shaped cells.

A glycoprotein A. can be used in enzymatic functions. B. is a type of peripheral protein. C. can be used as a receptor. D. is a type of peripheral protein above that can be used as a receptor or in enzymatic functions.

D. is a type of peripheral protein above that can be used as a receptor or in enzymatic functions.

Once equilibrium is reached, A. passive transport starts over to create a concentration gradient. B. the membrane permits all molecules to freely move across the membrane. C. molecules no longer move. D. molecules move, but there is no net movement in a particular direction.

D. molecules move, but there is no net movement in a particular direction.

In which eukaryotic organelle are amino acids and fatty acids oxidized? A. thylakoid B. centrosome C. lysosome D. peroxisome

D. peroxisome Peroxisomes contain oxidase and catalase, which are used in the oxidation of many substances.

The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion A. doesn't require ATP. B. moves materials from a higher to a lower concentration. C. moves materials from a lower to a higher concentration. D. requires transporter proteins. E. requires ATP.

D. requires transporter proteins.

Axial filaments are found on A. rod-shaped bacilli. B. streptococci. C. staphylococci. D. spirochetes.

D. spirochetes.

Which of the following types of bacterial cells would have flagella located at only one end of the cell? A. Peritrichous B. Monotrichous and amphitrichous C. Monotrichous D. Lophotrichous E. Lophotrichous and monotrichous F. Amphitrichous

E. Lophotrichous and monotrichous

How do spirochetes and spirilla differ? A. Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used interchangeably. B. Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do. C. Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible. D. Spirilla are found in chains of cells whereas spirochetes exist as individual cells. E. Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.

E. Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.

Functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following EXCEPT A. biofilm formation. B. increased virulence. C. protection against dehydration. D. source of nutrition. E. binary fission.

E. binary fission.

A gram-positive bacteria suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most likely occurred due to A. transformation. B. meisosis. C. transduction. D. binary fission. E. conjugation.

E. conjugation.

The DNA found in most bacterial cells A. is linear in structure. B. utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging. C. is found in multiple copies. D. is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. E. is circular in structure.

E. is circular in structure.

Which of the following terms best describes the cell in the figure? A. amphitrichous flagella B. monotrichous flagella C. peritrichous flagella D. axial filament E. lophotrichous flagella

E. lophotrichous flagella

Where in a cell is ATP made? A. nucleus B. lysosomes C. ribosomes D. chloroplasts E. mitochondria

E. mitochondria

In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically A. burst. B. lyse. C. stay the same. D. osmolyze. E. plasmolyze.

E. plasmolyze.

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by A. mitochondria. B. the Golgi apparatus. C. the extracellular matrix. D. the cytoskeleton. E. ribosomes.

E. ribosomes.

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell? A. surrounding flagella B. around organelles C. ribosomes D. the plasma membrane E. the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella

E. the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella

In the figure, which diagram of a cell wall has a structure that protects against osmotic lysis? a b both a and b neither a nor b The answer cannot be determined.

both a and b