MC101 - Ch 9 Online & Mobile Media

Internet

"A diverse set of independent networks, interlinked to provide its userswith the appearance of a single, uniform network"; a mass medium like no other, incorporating elements of interpersonal, group, and mass communications.

Describe the four elements of the "hacker ethic" and how they apply to the contemporary internet

1. Access to computers; and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works - should be unlimited and total 2. All info wants to be free. (This doesn't mean the opposite of restricted, but means you shouldn't have to pay for it). This flew in the face of copyright laws though, saying if you create something (like a song) then from a certain amount of time, you get to make money from your creation. Copyright create incentives for people to create stuff. So, this hacker ethic has always been a bit problematic. 3. Mistrust authority - promote decentralization 4. Judge people by skills and not 'bogus criteria such as degree age, race, or position'." (People tend to want to put other people in boxes, the internet can be a leveler where people can be equal. Online, they're not just a statistic, and they can have identities completely different from their real lives)

What is the percentage of global internet use ***WILL BE ON QUIZ***

46%

Weblog (Blog)

A collection of links and commentary in hypertext form on the World Wide Web that can be created and posted on the internet with relatively little effort. Blogs can be public diaries, collections of photos, or commentaries on the news.

Broadband Service

A high-speed continuous connection to the internet using a cable modem from a cable television provider or a digital subscriber line from a phone company.

Electronic Mail (Email)

A message sent from one computer user to another across a network.

Packet Switching

A method for breaking up long messages into small pieces, or packets, and transmitting them independently across a computer network. Once the packets arrive at their destination, the receiving computer reassembles the message into its original form.

What did Stephen Levy (author of "Hackers") mean when referring to hacking

A modern day Robin Hood - breaking he rules for the common good. Hacking's utopian goal is perfect society for information

Hacker Ethic

A set of values from the early days of interactive computing that holds that users should have absolute control over their computer systems and free access to all information contained on those computers. The hacker ethic shaped much of the development of the internet.

World Wide Web

A system developed by Tim Berners-Lee that allows users to view and link documents located anywhere in the world using standard software.

Mobile Advertising ID

A unique ID on mobile devices that allows advertisers to identify which device is accessing their information.

AIM

AOL's Instant Messenger

What is Al Jazeera? What is their struggle?

Al Jazeera is an Arab-language satellite news network that broadcasts out of Qatar. It was tough fro them to get any traction int he US, but lots of Americans were suspicious about anything connected tot he Arab world, which has now changed

AOL

America Online

Explain how the telegraph and subsequent technologies paved the way for the internet and the World Wide Web

Author Tom Standee has a quote about the telegraph. He said the telegraph "was a world-wide communications network whose cables spanned continents and oceans...and it revolutionized business practice...gave unintended its users with a deluge of information".

What is News Convergence?

Bringing together the best of newspapers and electronic media, like TV, and putting it all online. Today, we get the best of everything in one place, the depth of story telling, awesome photos and video, and immediacy in seeing the stories as they happen.

Bob Khan

Chief internet Evangelist, developed TCP/IP and Next-generation networks

Instant Messaging (IM)

Email systems that allow two or more users to chat with one another in real time, hold virtual meetings that span multiple cities or even countries, and keep track of which of their "buddies" are currently logged on to the system.

What book did Tim Berner-Lee

Enquire Within Upon Everything - he thought it'd be great if information was that easy to access. He was figuring out through this was exactly he internet would be. The key to this was connecting information like documents so that anyone anywhere could easily access.

Explain Tim Berners-Lee's original idea for how web browser content should be written and distributed

He was an engineer at Cern - the European org for nuclear research in the 1980s. This was when he thought of a system to communicate and manage different information from different computers.

What term did Ted Nelson coin?

Hypertext

What is Berners-Lee's guiding principle about the internet?

It is completely decentralized with no central hub - no one person or group controls the entire internet. This is what makes the internet so powerful - ideas can't be controlled

(SLO down) What is the definition of the internet?

It's a diverse set of independent networks, interlinked to provide its users with the appearance of a single, uniform network.

What makes the internet unique?

It's a mixture of all these kinds of communication that came before it. Interpersonal group and mass communication. this mix comes with all these others issues and concerns just like originally, all at the same time concepts of boundaries, the powers of individual corporations, freedom of press, and individual rights like privacy.

Citizen Journalism

Journalism created by people other than professional journalists, often distributed over the internet.

Hypertext

Material in a format containing links that allow the reader to move easily from one section to another and from document to document. The most commonly used hypertext documents are web pages.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Http)

One of the three major components of the web; a method of sending text, graphics, or anything else over the internet from a server to a web browser.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

One of the three major components of the web; the address of content placed on the web.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

One of the three major components of the web; the programming language used to create and format web pages.

Digital Native

Online media that do not have a traditional legacy media component; online-only media.

(SLO down) What makes the internet work so well?

Packet switching - Paul Baron figured this out in 1964. Usually when you send a message, it's the whole thing, but if part gets gargled, then it doesn't make sense. packet switching slices the message up from a computer like an email or webpage into small chunks, which then take their own best way to the destination. The receiving computer knows how many packets are supposed to be in what order and if it didn't get one, it asks the sending computer to send it again.

SMS

Short Message Service

TCP/IP

TCP stands for transmission control protocol, which controls how dataare sent out on the internet; IP stands for internet protocol, which provides the address for each computer on the internet. These protocols provided common rules and translations so that incompatible computers could communicate with each other.

What is ARPANET?

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network; the first nationwide computer network, which became the first major component of the Internet

Arpanet

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network; the first nationwide computer network, which became the first major component of the internet.

(SLO down) Who developed the internet?

The US military (specifically ARPA). They've also designed an armored flying car and the avatar project where soldiers were controlled "semi-autonomous bipedal machines" just like in the movie.

Mosaic

The first easy-to-use graphical web browser, developed by a group of student programmers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Identify why the original technology behind the internet was developed

The internet is not the web, but the internet is the physical stuff/connection that make it all happen - servers, cables, etc. The web uses this. The internet was initially designed for academic researchers to communicate. According to the book, it was not designed for surviving in nuclear war.

What is the web

The web is just parts of the internet, the web is about the delivering content to people through a web browser, which makes sense of all of it to display a webpage for us. When the web was developed, the idea was that anyone from anywhere could access info in a standardized way.

Sunshine laws & policies

The whole idea of the internet is that there's no single hub. This argues that authority, like govt bureaucracies often hide and control info, and that the best solution is for everything to be out in the open

Cookies

Tiny files that websites create to identify visitors and potentially track their actions on the site and the web.

Identify and describe the three major components of the World Wide Web

URL (Uniform resource Locator), HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, URL tells the computer to use these rules), HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language, the language behind webpages that says how to display content in certain ways. HTML uses tags short words in brackets. It turns out there are only about 150 tags)

Where did Dr. B used to work?

University of South Florida in Tampa in "The News Center" which combined WFLA TV, and two.com

Aggregator Sites

Websites that offer help navigating the web by collecting information from various online sources and putting them in one place.

How do a majority (92.1%) of people use the internet

through a mobile device