MCAT Anki
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"All amino acids in the human body are {{c1::L::L/D}} configuration
"
"{{c1::Glucogenic::Ketogenic/Glucogenic}} amino acids are amino acids that are converted into glucose
"
"{{c1::Ketogenic::Ketogenic/Glucogenic}} amino acids are amino acids that can be directly degraded into acetyl-CoA
"
"to calculate standard enthalpy of formation (Î"Horeaction)
" " subtract Î"H reactants from Î"Hproducts "
at STP
" 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 L "
as acidity increases
" HgB's affinity for O2 ___ decreases FL"
amides are the least reactive carbonyl
" T/F T "
the citric acid cycle produces GTP
" T/F T FL"
noble gases are inert
" T/F? True "
at a pH below the isoelectric point
" a protein will have a net POSITIVE charge FL"
how do people respond to different stressors
" according to seyle's general adaptation syndrome the SAME WAY FL"
which part of the brain is responsible for impulse control
" and by extension: aggresion? frontal lobe "
what is voltage
" and its equation? Voltage is POTENTIAL for work in electric field. <div>V=Ed</div><div>Units:J/C</div> "
where can lipid peroxides be found in the cell
" and why? mitochondrial membrane because that is where the ETC is and Oxygen is taking place in redox reaction FL"
what is a social fact
" as defined by durkheim? elements that serve a function in society FL"
what are the 3 parts of the mind
" as per Freud? id"
in NMR spec
" high field/upfield means shielding or deshielding effect shielding "
in an electrochemical cell
" if the potential is zero then Q= Keq FL"
what is the charge on an electron
" in C? 1.6e-19 Coulombs "
what is fixation
" in the context of Freud's developmental theory? getting stuck at a certain stage of development "
in NMR spec
" low field/downfield means shielding or deshielding effect deshielding "
according to the wechsler scales of intelligence
" mean intelligence quotient is 100"
T/F
" photon speed is influenced by their energy FALSE FL"
what event precedes the release of opening of Na+ channels on the motor end plate
" resulting in depolarization of muscle fibers? binding of acetylcholine "
what is d' (d prime
" signal detection theory)? strength of a signal "
rods have a very ___ recovery time compared to cones
" slow. which is why takes time to adjust to a dark room "
when all ions have the same # of electrons
" the atomic size depends on effective nuclear charge (more protons=smaller radius) FL"
the lower the Kd
" the higher the binding affinity FL"
for cyclic compounds
" the most stable position is when large groups are equatorial FL"
according to optimum arousal theory
" too much arousal results in: negative performance FL"
psychoanalytic theory states there are 2 instinctual drives pushing human behavior
" what are they? Libido and Death instict "
.33e15<div>when moving decimal to right
" what happens to exponent?</div> DECREASES FL"
in conflict theory
" what is the antithesis? the opposing viewpoint to the thesis. is in conflict with the thesis "
if an equation releases 45j/mol of energy
" what is the enthalpy change? -45j/mol FL"
if there is a lone pair of electrons in an sp3 hybridized molecule
" what is the geometry? trigonal PYRAMIDAL FL"
in conflict theory
" what is the synthesis? compromise achieved between thesis and antithesis "
in conflict theory
" what is the thesis? ""the current generally accepted state. the """"status quo"""""" "
in an electrochemical cell at equilibrium
" what is the voltage? ZERO FL"
when both substrates occupy an active site
" what kind of complex is formed? ternary complex "
when a transition metal is ionized
" where are the electrons removed from? the highest energy subshell FL"
in gas liquid chromatography
" which will have the highest retention rate? whichever has the highest boiling point FL"
"what is insight learning?
""""""aha"""" moment"" "
"what is broca's aphasia?
""""""broken speech""""" trouble speaking
"what is the sympathetic nervous system?
""""""fight or flight""""<div>pupils dilate" increase HR
"what is selective attention?
""""""flaslight beam""""" " only focusing on one thing at a time"" "
"what is a fad?
""""""fleeting behavior"""". emerges and dies out quickly<div>Ex: cinammon challenge" ice bucket challenge
"what is Wernicke's aphasia?
""""""fluent aphasia""""" " nothing the person says makes logical sense and you have trouble understanding"" "
"what is conformity?
""""""peer pressure"""". tendency to bring thoughts in line with majority"" "
"what is the parasympathetic nervous system?
""""""rest and digest"""". <div>ipupils CONSTRICT" increase salivation
"what is the actor-observer bias?
""<span style=""""color: rgb(34" 34
"what does calcitonin do?
""DECREASE blood calcium<div>(think: it """"tones down"""" blood Ca)</div>"" "
"what are the characteristics of laminar flow?
""SHEAR FORCES" " """"stacking effect"""" so its faster in the middle and slower on the sides of the walls"" FL"
"what is fluid intelligence?
""ability to reason quickly and abstractly""""think on ones feet"""""" "
"what is Freudian slip?
""an example of mental conflict<div>Ex: Financially stressed patient says """"please don't give me an bills"""" instead of pills because theyre stupid</div>"" "
"what is the Id?
""at the """"bottom of the iceberg""""" " is the unconscious thing demanding <i>immediate</i> gratification. "" "
"what does the nativist theory of language development state?
""babies have """"language acquisition device"""" that is most active during the """"critical period"""" up until 8 years old. associated with Noam Chomsky"" "
"what is a dichotomous variable?
""binary" " """"yes or no"""" or """"male or female"""""" FL"
"what is tolerance?
""brain gets used to drug stimulus" " so it requires more of the drug to achieve same effect or just to feel """"normal"""""" "
"what is hypotonia?
""decrease in """"tone"""" of muscle (baseline level of contraction)"" "
"what is a lactone?
""formed by intramolecular cyclization<div><img src=""""Lactone_Types.png"""" /></div>"" "
"what is shaping?
""gradually reinforcing behaviors that will lead to or approximate the """"target"""" behavior"" "
"what are the required elements of a ""growth promoting climate?""
""growth nurtured when individual is """"<b>genuine</b>""""<div><br /></div><div>growth is nurtured through <b>acceptance</b> by others</div>"" "
"what is bipolar 2 disorder?
""has NEVER HAD manic episode" " instead only peaks at """"hypomania"""""" "
"what is the equilibrium constant?
""helps determine relative amounts of each substance at equilibrium<div><br /></div><div><img src=""""2076470.png"""" /></div>"" "
"what is social facilitaiton?
""increase likelyhood that the most """"dominant response"""" will occur. can be either positive or negative"" "
"what is deindividuation?
""individual more likely to act badly in a group beause they """"blend in"""""" "
"what is temperament?
""innate" " genetically influenced aspect of """"personality"""""" "
"what is a fasciculation?
""involuntary """"twitch"""" of muscle"" "
"the object distance is positive when
""it is on the """"right side"""""" "
"what is alpha decay?
""loss of alpha particle/helium nucleus<div><img src=""""alpha_particle.gif"""" /></div><div>changes mass number" " and loses 2 protons.</div>"" "
"what is the role of the hippocampus in the reward pathway?
""memory<div>""""where did i smoke that dank weed?""""</div>"" "
"what is the role of the nucleus accumbens in the reward pathway?
""motor function<div>""""let me take another hit of that dank w33d""""</div>"" "
"what is the prodrome?
""period of time before schizophrenia becomes symptomatic. """"going downhill"""""" "
"converging lens/mirror characteristics?
""real" inverted
"what is cued recall?
""recall that follows a """"cue"""" of some sort"" "
"what is proprioception?
""sense of """"self in space"""""" "
"what is a social norm?
""standard for behavior set by groups of individuals and can vary by country. are enforced by positive and negative """"sanctions"""""" "
"what is a semantic model?
""theoretical model of memory encoding in brain. consists of related """"nodes"""""" "
"what is social cognitive theory?
""theory of behavior change/learning that emphasizes relationship between people and their environment. <div><br /></div><div>""""AM I Motivated?</div><div>Requires Attention" Memory
"what does Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence state?
""there are 3 independent intelligences that are based on real world success <div>(analytical" creative
"spearman's general intelligence theory postulates
""there is one underlying """"g factor"""" that determines how intelligent people are at all tasks. person who scores high in one area will score high in another"" "
"what is the pegword system?
""verbal """"anchor"""" to a word or piece of info.<div><br /></div><div>1 is a gun</div><div>2 is a shoe</div><div>3 is a tree</div>"" "
"what is the function of the occipital lobe?
""vision" " AKA """"striate"""" cortex"" "
"what is the function of the prefrontal cortex?
""what makes us """"human"""". higher level thinking" " control over actions/emotions"" "
"what is public conformity?
""you maintain your core beliefs and remain """"unconvinced"""""" "
if Î"H is positive
" Î"S is negative never spontaneous "
what enzyme catalyzes the conversion of fructose1
"6biphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate? fructose16biphosphatase "
hydrostatic pressure equation?(fluid at rest
"Pascal's law) pressure=density(p)*gy "
"what is a dependency ratio?
# of dependent individuals in a pop/working individuals. is measure of dependency in a population "
"how do calculate mol fraction?
# of mols of gas divided by total # of mols of gas "
"what is inclusive fitness?
# of offsprings organism has and how it supports them "
"how do you calculate recombination frequency?
# of recombinants/total # of offspring FL"
"how do you calculate formal charge?
# of valence electrons-(#nonbonded electrons+# of bonds) "
"definition of frequency?
# of wavelengths that pass a fixed point per second <div>Units: Hz</div><div>determined by SOURCE</div> "
"longitudinal wave
<--><div><br /></div> "
"what is the orbital configuration for octahedral compounds?
d2sp3 FL"
"social cognitive theory suggests what about how behavior is learned?
through observing others and modeling their actions. "
"what is the equation for gibb's free energy?
Î"G= Î"H-TÎ"S<div><br /></div> "
"how do you calculate degrees of unsaturation?
(#Carbons*2)+2-# of hydrogens FL"
"electrophilic fxnl group
+ charge and GETS ATTACKED "
"alkali metals have an oxidation number of
+1 "
"what do alkali metals (group 1) easily form?
+1 cations "
"oxidation state for hydrogen?
+1 <div>(-1 when bonded to metal)</div> "
"what is a divalent ion?
+2 FL"
"what do alkaline earth metals form?
+2 cations "
"oxidation state for fluorine?
-1 "
"what is Oxygens typical oxidation state?
-2 "
"oxidation state for oxgen?
-2<div>(-1 when in a peroxide)</div> "
"what is nitrogens preferred oxidation state?
-3 "
"pKa=
-logKa "
"what is delta G of an exergonic reaction?
-Î"G" " spontaneous "
"what is cos(60?
.5 "
"oxidation state for elemental atoms?
0 "
"what is standard temperature and pressure?
0 Celsius/273 K" " 1atm "
"what is the standard potential for formation of H2?<div><br /></div>
0 V<div>2H+ + 2e- --> H2</div> "
"what is the age range and virtue for the trust v. mistrust stage
0-1" HOPE
"what is the age range for the sensorimotor stage?
0-2 years "
"what does the krebs cycle produce for each acetyl CoA?
1 FADH2" 4 NADH
"units for Joules?
1 kg*m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup> or 1 N:m "
"what is produced in oogenesis?
1 ovum after 2 divisions FL"
"what are the 3 stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
1) Alarm phase (stress rxn kicks in)<div>2) Resistance (fleeing" huddling
"what are the basic steps of fertilization?
1) sperm binds<div>2) acrosome reaction (digest zona pellucida)</div><div>3) cortical reaciton (binding of 2 cell membranes" " block to polyspermy)</div><div>4) fertilization</div> "
"what are the 5 stages of the demographic transition model?
1)high birth rate" " high death rate<div>2)population increase as death rate decreases</div><div>3)death rates AND birth rates fall</div><div>4) equalization between birth and death rate at a low level</div><div>5) population stabilizes worldwide</div> "
"what is the age range and virtue for the autonomy v. doubt stage
1-3" children develop independence by walking away from parent
"what is boltzmann's constant(k)?
1.38e-23 JK<sup>-1</sup> (k) "
"each FADH2 produces __ ATP
1.5 "
"Capacitors in Series?
1/C<sub>eff</sub>=1/C<sub>1</sub>+1/C<sub>2</sub>+1/C<sub>3</sub> "
"Resistors in parallel?
1/R<sub>eff</sub>=1/R<sub>1</sub>+1/R<sub>2</sub>+1/R<sub>3</sub> "
"thin lens equation?
1/f=1/d<sub>o</sub>+1/d<sub>i</sub> "
"the y intercept in a linweaver-burke plot represents
1/vmax FL"
"fetal development is at __ weeks
10 "
"what does stereospecific mean?
100% or 0% of an isomer formed "
"density of water?
1000kg/m<sup>3</sup> or 1g/cm<sup>3</sup> "
"what is atmospheric pressure?
101" 000 Pa
"sp3 geometry?
109.5 and tetrahedral or bent "
"pico
10<sup>-12</sup> "
"what is the Kw for water at STP?
10<sup>-14</sup> FL"
"deci
10<sup>-1</sup> "
"centi
10<sup>-2</sup> "
"milli
10<sup>-3</sup> "
"micro
10<sup>-6</sup> "
"nano
10<sup>-9</sup> "
"kilo
10<sup>3</sup> "
"mega(M)
10<sup>6</sup> "
"tera
10^12 FL"
"What is the average weight of one amino acid?
110 Da "
"what age range is the formal operational stage?
12+ "
"what is the age range and virtue for the identity v. role confusion stage
12-20" virtue is fidelity
"sp2 geometry?
120 and trigonal planar "
"sp geometry?
180 and linear "
"what is 1atm equal to?
1atm=760torr/760mmHg "
"fertilization occurs at week
2 "
"a second order reaction involves only __ reactant molecules
2 FL"
"how many phosphates are attached to each nucleotide in DNA?
2 FL"
"what is the pKa of the carboxy terminus?
2 FL"
"what is a stereoisomer
2 UNIQUE molecules" same formula
"what is dissociative identity disorder?
2 or more identities in a single body. <div>usually from people who have suffered child abuse or life stresses. extremely rare. some poeple think it isnt even legit</div> "
"how many ATP are produced per glucose in anaerobic conditions?
2 per glucose FL"
"what is the appraisal theory of stress?
2 stages to cognitive appraisal of stress: primary and secondary<div>secondary only follows primary when stimulus is deemed threatening</div> "
"how many ATP are produced in glycolysis?
2 total. 4 in" " 2 out. FL"
"what is the age range for the preoperational stage?
2-6 years old "
"each NADH produces __ ATP
2.5 "
"what frequencies can humans hear?
20Hz to 20kH "
"how much of a sample would remain after 2 half lives?
25% FL"
"what is the IR range for the OH group in a carboxylic acid?
2500-3300 FL"
"how many carbons are in pyruvate?
3 FL"
"how many protons are removed after 3 equivalence points
3 FL"
"what is the result of gastrulation?
3 embyronic germ layers" ecto-
"structure of triglyceride
3 fatty acids+ glycerol "
"what is Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
3 stages" " looks at how people develop their moral standards "
"what direction does DNA polymerase READ in?
3-->5 FL"
"d orbital in which groups?
3-12(middle shit) "
"which groups are the transition metals?
3-12(the middle shit) "
"what is the age range and virtue for the initiative v. guilt stage?
3-6" reach sense of purpose
"full term is
37-42 weeks "
"visible light range (in nm?)
390nm-700nm "
"what is the speed of light?
3e8 m/s (usually represented by c) "
"how many carbons in oxaloacetate?
4 FL"
"1 calorie(cal)=
4.18J<div><br /></div><div>amount of energy required to raise 1g H<sub>2</sub>O by 1 degree Celsius</div> "
"how many bonds can P form?
5 "
"furanose?
5 member ring "
"what direction does DNA polymerase SYNTHESIZE in?
5-->3 FL"
"nucleotides are bonded to eachother by
5-->3 phosphodiester bond FL"
"fraternal twins share __% of their genetic code
50 "
"pyranose?
6 member carbohydrate ring with O<div><br /></div><div><br /></div> "
"what is the age range and virtue for the industry v. inferiority stage?
6-12" " greater significance/self esteem "
"what is the age range and virtue for the integrity v despair stage
65+ virtue is wisdom" " contemplating on life "
"for a titration of a strong acid w/ weak base youd need an indicator functioning at pH:
7 "
"what age range is the concrete operational stage?
7-11 years old "
"what does Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences state?
7-9 very different types of intelligence that don't affect one another "
"what ribosomal subtype is associated with prokaryotes?
70s FL"
"stranger anxiety tends to emerge around what age?
8-11 month "
"what ribsomal subunit type is associated with eukaryotes?
80s FL"
"what is the tend and befriend response?
<b>oxytocin" " r</b>espond to stress using support system "
"1 Calorie (from food label)
=1000calories=4184 Joules "
"What is the one letter code for Alanine?
A "
"what are the 3 categories of personality Disorders?
A(weird)" B(wild)
"what is the continuity equation?
A1v1=A2v2 FL"
"the adrenal glands are stimulated by
ACTH(adreno cortico tropic hormone) "
"what are the fat soluble vitamins?
ADEK FL"
"what is the Thantos drive?
AKA death drive: self destructive/harmful drive "
"what is cell potential? (E)?
AKA electron motive force (emf)" " refers to potential difference between terminals when they are not connected "
"what is working memory?
AKA short term memory. consists of what you are thinking of in the exact moment. 7 units of information (+or- 2) available. "
"reuptake of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum requires
ATP "
"phosphofructokinase-1 is inhibited by
ATP allosterically FL"
"the conformational changes that allow actin/myosin to move relative to one another requires
ATP hydrolysis "
"who are the 2 people associated with Humanistic theory?
Abraham <b>Maslow(</b>hierarchy of needs)<b> a</b>nd Carl <b>Rogers</b>. "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.25.40 AM.png"" />
Alanine "
"what are cluster B personality disorders?
Antisocial" borderline
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.37.24 AM.png"" />
Arginine "
"What are the basic amino acids (at neutral pH)?
Arginine" lysine
"what is the vasculature schema?
Arteries-->arterioles-->capillary bed-->venules-->veins FL"
"What are the amide derivative amino acids?
Asparagine" " glutamine "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.38.15 AM.png"" />
Asparagine<div><br /></div> "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.36.52 AM.png"" />
Aspartate "
"What are the acidic amino acids (at neutral pH)?
Aspartate" " glutamate "
"what are antigen presenting cells?
B cells" macrophages
"what is beta decay?
Beta minus: atomic # increases<div>ejects electron<div><br /></div><div>Beta plus: atomic # decrease</div><div>emits positron(positron emission)</div><div><br /></div><div>mass # remains same for both</div><!--anki--></div> "
"What is the one letter code for Cysteine?
C "
"Capacitors in parallel?
C<sub>eff</sub>=C<sub>1</sub>+C<sub>2</sub>+C<sub>3</sub> "
"imine=? enamine=?
C=N-R<div><br /></div><div>HC=C-NRR</div> "
"equation for capacitance?
C=Q/V" " Q=CV<div><br /></div><div>C= capacitance</div><div>Q=charge on each plate</div><div>V= voltage<br /><div><br /></div></div> "
"what is the equation for heat capacity?
C=q/Î"T<div><br /></div> "
"cyanohydrin?
CN-" " attacks carbonyl and produces a COOH when exposed to acid+water "
"the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate requires
CO2 FL"
"carbonate
CO3<sup>2-</sup> "
"acid halide+water=
COOH "
"pyrimidines are
CUT<div><br /></div><div>6 member rings</div> FL"
"what is Vygotsky's theory of language development?
Children develop language as a way to interact with their parents "
"chlorate
ClO3<sup>-</sup> "
"perchlorate
ClO4<sup>-</sup> "
"chlorite
ClO<sub>2</sub>- "
"hypochloride
ClO<sup>-</sup> "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.29.46 AM.png"" />
Cysteine "
"Which amino acid is R configuration?
Cysteine "
"What is the one letter code for Aspartate?
D "
"how to draw glucose easily?
D glucose is right left right right" " <div><br /></div><div>L glucose is left right left left</div> FL"
"what is trisomy 14?
DEATH! why? because it has more genes FL"
"what happens to the pupil during the sympathetic response
DILATES "
"a negative focal length indicates
DIVERGING lens FL"
"conservation of matter is learned
DURING concrete operational FL"
"What is the one letter code for Glutamate?
E "
"equation for energy of a photon?
E=hf<div><br /></div><div>directly proportional to its frequency</div><div>h is Planck's constant 6.64e-34</div> "
"what is the magnitude of force between two charges of equal charge but different mass?
EQUAL "
"what is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
Event-->Physiologic Response+Emotion<div><br /></div><div>Emotion+Physiologic response happens at <i>same time</i></div> "
"What is the Schacter-Singer theory of emotion?
Event-->Physiologic Response-->Identify reason for response-->Emotion<div><br /></div><div>Requires identifying reason for response</div> "
"what is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
Event-->Physiologic Response-->Interpretation-->Emotion<div><br /></div><div><i>Interpreting</i> the physiological signs resulting from an event</div> "
"what is the Lazarus theory of emotion?
Event-->label event(as good/bad)-->emotion+physiologic response<div><br /></div><div>Requires <i>labelling</i> of event before experiencing emotion and physiologic response at <i>same time</i></div> "
"What is the one letter code for Phenylalanine?
F "
"spring equation?
F=-kÎ"x<div><br /></div><div>where k is spring constant</div> "
"what is the equation for centripetal force?
F=mv<sup>2</sup>/r "
"force on a point charge in a field equation?
F=qE "
"
FL"
"what stimulates the gonads?
FSH/LH "
"buoyant force equation?
Fb=pfluid*Vfluid*g<div><br /></div><div><br /></div> "
"Lorentz force?
Force on an electric charge in magnetic field<div><br /></div><div>F=qvBsintheta</div> "
"what is the basic point of psychoanalytic theory and who is it associated with?
Freud. personality shaped by childhood experiences and UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHTS/DESIRES" feelings
"What is the one letter code for Glycine
G "
"gastrin is produced by
G cells in the antrum of the stomach FL"
"a cell that isn't dividing but metabolically ""active"" is in what stage of the cell cycle?
G0 or G1. "
"what are the stages of interphase?
G1-->S-->G2 "
"depressants act on ___ receptors
GABA "
"what does it mean when something is reduced?
GAINS ELECTRONS "
"what connects the cells in cardiac muscle?
GAP JUNCTIONS (aka electrical synapses) FL"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.36.57 AM.png"" />
Glutamate "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.38.20 AM.png"" />
Glutamine "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.25.34 AM.png"" />
Glycine "
"What are the aliphatic amino acids?
Glycine" alanine
"What is the one letter code for Histidine?
H "
"reducing agents usually have many
H atoms<div><br /></div><div>LAH" NaBH4
"what primarily composes the secondary structure of proteins?
H bonding between backbones "
"is relative poverty harder or easier to measure?
HARDER FL"
"what is bipolar 1 disorder?
HAS manic episodes with (or without) major depressive disorder "
"bicarbonate
HCO3<sup>2-</sup> "
"is pressure lower or higher in the lower extremities?
HIGHER FL"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.37.34 AM.png"" />
Histidine "
"what is the difference between authoritarian and authoritave parenting?
Hitler vs disciplined father "
"What is the one letter code for Isoleucine
I "
"equation for Ohm's law?
I=V/R or V=IR "
"what does parathyroid hormone do?
INCREASE blood calcium "
"atomic radius ____ DOWN and LEFT on the periodic table
INCREASES "
"vesicle exocytosis does what to membrane surface area?
INCREASES it FL"
"what kinds of bonds are ionic and covalent?
INTRAmolecular (between atoms in a molecule) FL"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.26.01 AM.png"" />
Isoleucine "
"ft*lb/s=
J/s=Watts(W) FL"
"What is the one letter code for Lysine?
K "
"which channel repolarizes the membrane to its resting potential?
K+ (potassium) "
"kinetic energy?
KE=1/2mv<sup>2</sup> "
"what is the equation for average KE per mol of molecule in a fluid?
KE=3/2RT "
"what is the equation for average kinetic energy per molecule in any fluid?
KE=3/2kT<div>(k is boltzman constant" " T is temp in kelvin)</div> "
"conflict theory is associated with who?
Karl Marx "
"what happens to the Km and Vmax during noncompetitive inhibition?
Km remains the same" " decreases Vmax FL"
"what is the slope of a lineweaver burk plot
Km/Vmax "
"what is unchanged in uncompetitive inhibition?
Km/Vmax "
"what could you use to oxidize OH down to COOH
KmNO4" CrO4-
"What is the one letter code for Leucine
L "
"what are the steric requirements for a good protecting group?
LEAST sterically hindered is usually best FL"
"what hormone increases to instigate ovulation?
LH FL"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.25.55 AM.png"" />
Leucine "
"Which amino acids are only ketogenic?
Leucine and lysine (LK) "
"what happens to the Vmax and Km of uncompetitive inhibition?
Lowers Vmax and Lowers Km FL"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.37.29 AM.png"" />
Lysine "
"What is the one letter code for Methionine?
M "
"equation for magnification?
M= -d<sub>i</sub>/d<sub>o</sub>=h<sub>i</sub>/h<sub>o</sub><div>for multiple lens systems" " magnification is multiplicative</div> "
"low pKa means
MORE acidic FL"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.29.39 AM.png"" />
Methionine "
"What are the sulfur-containing amino acids?
Methionine and cysteine "
"what are the units for reaction rate?
Ms<sup>-1 </sup>or molL<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> "
"What is the one letter code for Asparagine?
N "
"sleepwalking mostly occurs during __ stage of sleep
N3 "
"what is the product of the pentose phosphate pathway?
NADPH "
"ammonium
NH4+ "
"amine?
NH<sub>2</sub>-R" "<div>can also be secondary or tertiary</div> "
"are actin filaments polymerized in muscle contraction?
NO FL"
"can noncompetitive inhibition be overcome with increased substrate concentration?
NO FL"
"do peptides contain ester bonds?
NO FL"
"is loss of appetite a Sx of DM?
NO FL"
"should you consider stoichiometric coefficients when calculating overall reduction potentials?
NO FL"
"nitrate?
NO3- "
"nitrite?
NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> "
"what stage of sleep is associated with night terrors?
NON-rem FL"
"NMR only provides information about ____ H atoms in a molecule
NONEQUIVALENT FL"
"is anxiety a mood disorder?
NOOOO FL"
"oxidizing agents usually have many
O atoms<div>K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>7</sub>" KmNO<sub>4</sub>
"how many electrons does cytochrome c carry?
ONE FL"
"what are the 5 stages of Freud's psychosexual development?
Oral" Anal
"What are the age ranges for the stages of Freud's development model?
Oral: 0-1" Anal: 1-3
"What is the one letter code for Proline
P "
"what is Dalton's law?
P<sub>total</sub>=P<sub>1</sub>+P<sub>2</sub>+P<sub>3</sub>... "
"fluid pressure equation?
P=F/a(area)<div><br /></div><div>units: Pascal (N/m<sup>2</sup>)</div> "
"what are the equations for power dissipated by a circuit?
P=VI" P=V<sup>2</sup>/Req
"equation for power?
P=iV<div><br /></div><div>rate of energy transfer</div> "
"power
P=Î"E/t <div><br /></div><div>Units: Watts=J/s</div> "
"PE stored in capacitor equation?
PE=1/2QV "
"what is the potential energy of a spring?
PE=1/2k*deltax<sup>2</sup> FL"
"spring/elastic potential energy?
PE=1/2kÎ"x<sup>2</sup> "
"potential energy?
PE=mgh "
"electric potential of charge in E field?
PE=qEd "
"what converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate?
PEP carboxylase "
"what is the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis?
PFK-1 "
"what is the equation for osmotic pressure?
PI=<i>i</i>MRT<div>where i= # of solute particles and R is ideal gas constat</div> FL"
"phosphate
PO4<sup>3-</sup> "
"what is the entropy sign for the formation of a gaseous product?
POSITIVE FL"
"error bars are a measure of___
PRECISION FL"
"what is Boyle's law?
PV=constant "
"what is the ideal gas law equation?
PV=nRT<div>P is pressure in atm</div><div>V is volume in L</div><div><br /></div><div>n is mols</div><div>R is constant" " .08206 or 8.314</div><div>T is temp in Kelvin</div> "
"what are the cluster A personality disorders?
Paranoid" Schizoid
"Which amino acids are both ketogenic and glutogenic?
Phenylalanine" Isoleucine
"What are the aromatic amino acids?
Phenylalanine" tyrosine
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.34.41 AM.png"" />
Phenylalanine<div><br /></div> "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.26.07 AM.png"" />
Proline "
"what does Raoult's law state?
Pv=Xa*Pa<div>partial vapor pressure= mol fraction of substance * vapor pressure of pure substance</div> "
"how does Raoult's law apply to volatile solutes?
Pv=XaPa+XbPb<div>volatile solutes can contirbute to the vapor pressure</div> "
"What is the one letter code for Glutamine?
Q "
"volume flow rate equation?
Q=Av "
"What is the one letter code for Arginine?
R "
"what is absolute configuration?
R or S? "
"amide?
R-CONH2 "
"ester?
R-COO-R "
"ether
R-O-R" "<div>can H bond but is relatively non reactive</div> "
"ether?
R-O-R' "
"alcohol
R-OH" H bonds
"resistor in series?
R<sub>eff</sub>=R<sub>1</sub>+R<sub>2</sub>+R<sub>3</sub> "
"what stage of sleep is associated with dreams/nightmares?
REM sleep FL"
"what kind of polymerase is found in a retrovirus?
RNA dependent DNA polymerase FL"
"What is the one letter code for Serine?
S "
"sulfite?
SO3<sup>2-</sup> "
"sulfate?
SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> "
"what is the function of myoglobin?
STORAGE of O2" " no transport FL"
"What does Deutch & Deutch’s Late Selection Theory state?<div><br /></div>
Sensory register--> perceptual process->selective filter-->conscious<div><br /></div><div>states that you do register and assign meaning to shit but that your selective filter decides what to send to your conscious</div><div>problem? too much energy required to assign meaning to everything</div> "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.35.33 AM.png"" />
Serine "
"What are the aliphatic hydroxyl amino acids?
Serine" " threonine "
"relative velocities of sound?
Sold>liquid>gas "
"What is the one letter code for Threonine?
T "
"what are the 3 stop codons on DNA?
TGA" TAA
"is myosin thick or thin?
THICK "
"is actin thick or thin?
THIN<div><br /></div><div>(acthin)</div> "
"what do tight junctions do?
TIGHT joining of cells" " prevent movement of shit FL"
"what happens to FSH levels after menstruation?
The are high FL"
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.35.39 AM.png"" />
Threonine "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.34.52 AM.png"" />
Tryptophan "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.34.48 AM.png"" />
Tyrosine "
"what kind of light do conjugated systems absorb?
UV light FL"
"What is the one letter code for Valine
V "
"what is charles' law?
V/T=constant<div>gas volume is directly proportional to temperature</div> "
"what is avogadro's law?
V/n=constant<div>at constant temp and pressure" " gas volume is directly proportional to # of mols</div> "
"average velocity?
V<sub>avg</sub>=1/2(v+v<sub>o</sub>) "
"calculating final velocity equation?
V<sub>f</sub><sup>2</sup>=V<sub>o</sub><sup>2</sup>+2a(Î"x) "
"what does the van der waals equation state?
V<sub>real</sub>>V<sub>ideal</sub> and P<sub>real</sub><P<sub>ideal</sub> "
"<img src=""Screen Shot 2017-01-02 at 11.25.44 AM.png"" />
Valine "
"what happens to the Km and Vmax in competitive inhibition?
Vmax unchanged" " Km increases FL"
"how do you calculate kcat?
Vmax/Km(or[E]) "
"how do you calculate Vmax given [E] and kcat?
Vmax=kcat[E] "
"What is the one letter code for Tryptophan?
W "
"equation for work done in electric field?
W=qEd "
"what are the units for power?
Watts or Joules/sec "
"What is the one letter code for Tyrosine?
Y "
"are SN2 reactions affected by steric hindrance?
YES FL"
"what is the equation for Ka?
[H+][A-]/[HA] "
"the maximum buffering capacity of a solution is when
[base]=[acid] "
"what is labeling theory?
a behavior is deviant of society has judged it to be deviant and labled it as such "
"what is the defining feature of a blastocyst?
a blastocoel (cavity) "
"what is the leaving group on an anhydride?
a carboxylate (R-COO-) "
"what is a salt?
a cation+ anion "
"what is the difference between a coenzyme and a cofactor?
a coenzyme is ORGANIC" " while a cofactor is not (usually a metal ion or something) FL"
"what is a social construct?
a concept or practice everyone in a society agrees to treat a certain way regardless of inherent value "
"what is an anomer?
a cyclic diastereomer" " the chiral carbon is called the anomeric carbon "
"what is sublimation?
a defense mechanism where unwanted impulses are transformed into something less harmful "
"what is a proto-oncogene?
a gene that" when mutated
"what is the produce of an aldhyde and a ketone reacting?
a hemiacetal "
"what is means-end analysis?
a heuristic where you break a large problem down into smaller problems and attack the one that creates the greatest difference between your current state and desired state "
"ideal PCR primers have
a high G-C content FL"
"what is an attitude?
a learned tendency to evaluate something in a certain way "
"what is a salt bridge?
a liquid junction that minimizes the potential difference "
"what is a schema?
a mental model/framework for how we view the world "
"what is a heuristic?
a mental shortcut<div>(using your birthday to guess a password)</div> "
"what is a more?
a norm based on MORAL VALUES" " such as being truthul "
"what is a law?
a norm based on right/wrong but has FORMAL CONSEQUENCES(breaking a law) "
"what is social status?
a person's social position in society "
"what is conversion disorder?
a psychosomatic NEUROLOGICAL disorder "
"what is fundamentalism?
a reaction to secularization" " religion goes back to its roots and is very orthodox/strict "
"what is a nonvolatile solute?
a solute with no vapor pressure "
"what is master status?
a status that supercedes all other statuses<div>Ex: mother thinking of herself more as a mother than a daughter</div> "
"what is generalization?
ability of a stimulus to elicit the same response as the conditioned stimulus because it is SIMILAR "
"what is creative intelligence?
ability to adapt to new situations and generate new novel ideas and shit "
"what is strong self efficacy?
ability to bounce back from setbacks "
"what is self control?
ability to control desires and delay gratifications "
"what is discrimination?
ability to discriminate between stimuli and respond to some but not others "
"what is practical intelligence?
ability to solve ill defined problems "
"what is crystallized intelligence?
ability to use acquired skills/knowledge over the years "
"what is crystallized IQ/intelligence?
ability to use combined + experience to solve problems "
"what are the basics of classical/Pavlovian conditioning?
able to elicit an innate response to a previously conditioned stimulus in response to a (previously) neutral stimulus "
"what was observed for securely attached children?
able to explore in a room with a stranger without much issue and was soothed/returned to mother "
"what is a parasomnia?
abnormal behavior that occurs during sleep "
"what are sexual dysfunctions?
abnormal sexual performance "
"what are Anxiety disorders?
abnormal worry/fear.<div>Ex: GAD" " social anxiety</div> "
"what are cognitive Sx of schizophrenia?
abnormalities of attention" organization
"what are dissociative disorders?
abnormalities of identiy or memory "
"what is a dysomnia?
abnormality in amount/length/quality of sleep "
"what are depressive disorders?
abnormally NEGATIVE mood. long term emotional state.<div>Ex: major depressive disorder</div> "
"what is a negative Sx?
absense of appropriate behavior or emotion "
"what is analytical intelligence?
academic ability to solve well defined problems "
"what are rational techniques to use when the just world hypothesis is challenged?
accept reality" " prevent/correct injustice "
"what is an oxidizing agent?
accepts electrons and is REDUCED "
"what is the primary neurotransmitter associated with the parasympathetic nervous system?
acetylcholine FL"
"what do the kidneys do in response to decreased blood pressure?
activate renin-angiotensin system to increase sodium and water reabsorption" " increasing blood volume and pressure "
"what does methadone do?
activates opiate receptors but much more slowly and dampens the high. "
"what is confirmation bias?
actively seeking out only things that confirm what you beliefe or only having confirmatory things available to you "
"how does a magnetic field influence a moving charge?
acts perpendicular to direction of field (B) and velocity of particle) "
"how do you convert from Celsius to Kelvin?
add 273 to celsius "
"what is the definition of heat capacity?
added energy required to increase temperature of a substance by 1 kelvin "
"what are the substance related and addictive disorders?
addiction to drugs or substances<div>Ex: Crack addict</div> "
"what is positive punishment
adding a stimulus to stop a behavior from happening "
"what is positive reinforcement?
adding/giving something to increase likelyhood that behavior will be repeated "
"how does cognitive behavior therapy helps addicts?
addresses both cognitive thought processes and helps identify behaviors to prevent relapse "
"the GLUT4 is only found in
adipose tissue and muscle FL"
"what is the endocrine response to stress?
adrenal medullar releases catecholamines (norepi/epi)" " adrenal cortex releases cortisol "
"what is the age range and virtue for the generativity v. stagnation stage
adults feel like they giving back" " develop sense of care for others "
"what are the components of attitude
affective" behavioral
"what is prejudice
affective/FEELING associated with a stereotype.<div><br /></div> "
"what is social desirability bias?
affects how people can respond to research questions "
"what are the components of the muscle stretch reflex?
afferent (stimulus)" " efferent (response).<div><br /></div><div>muscle stretch fiber responds and instructs muscle to contract</div> "
"what is an extinction burst?
after not receiving the stimulus for a while" " the animal will have a spike in the conditioned response before extinction "
"what is the age stratification theory?
age is a way of regulating behavior in a generation "
"what is the life course theory?
aging is a biopsychosocial process that starts from birth and ends at death "
"what is the Eros drive?
aka Life drive: health" safety
"what is the main functional group in an aldose?
aldehyde "
"periodic table group 1
alkali metals "
"periodic table group 2
alkaline earth metals "
"what functional group is represented by an IR peak at 1650?
alkenes "
"what is random mating?
all individuals equally likely to mate with each other "
"what are the harmonics for a pipe closed at one end?
all odd numbered FL"
"what did Gordon <b>Allport</b> theorize?
all of us have 3 categories of traits" <b>cardinal
"what is the solubility of group 1 cations?
all water soluble "
"what is a class system?
allows degree of social mobility "
"what elutes first in size exclusion chromatography?
allows smallest to elute first "
"what is the structure of sucrose?
alpha 1" "1 link of glucose and fructose "
"amylose structure
alpha 1-4 link of glucose "
"glycogen structure
alpha 1-4 links of glucose with alpha 1-6 BRANCH POINTS "
"maltose structure
alpha 1-4 of 2 glucose "
"what is the basic mechanism of an aldol condensation?
alpha carbon attacks another carbonyl "
"what waves are ""daydreaming""/relaxed state associated with?
alpha waves<div>8-13 Hz</div> "
"increasing pKa of side chains means the isoelectric point
also increases FL"
"what is the primacy/recency effect?
also known as <b>serial position effect</b>" " remember things at beginning and end of list better "
"what is the conservative strategy? (signal detection theory)
always say no unless 100% sure" " will correctly get all false rejections but might get some misses "
"what is the liberal strategy (signal detection theory?)
always saying yes" " youll get all the hits but might get false alarms "
"if Î"H is negative and Î"S is positive
always spontaneous "
"acid halide+RNH2=
amide "
"NMR peaks between 5-8 represent
amide hydrogens FL"
"Ksp describes what?
amount of a compound that will dissolve in water "
"maltose is the product of?
amylose breaking down starch FL"
"what charged particle is emitted during beta- decay?
an electron FL"
"what is the attitude to behavior process model?
an event triggers our attitude-->that attitude+our prior knowledge determines our behavior "
"what is a spectator ion?
an ion that has no effect on the equilibrium "
"how many electrons does a radical have?
an odd number "
"when does nondisjunction occur?
anaphase 1 or 2 FL"
"what is foraging?
animal searching for food. has to balance energy spent with energy gained. can be solitary or group "
"what is autocommunication?
animal talks to itself<div>Ex: bat using sonar</div> "
"electrons flow from the ___ to the ___
anode to the cathode "
"what is the function of ADH?
anti-diuretic hormone" " fxns to increase water reabsorption and urine concentration FL"
"what are T cells activated by?
antigen presenting cells FL"
"what are neuroleptics?
antipsychotic drugs that can cause cognitive dulling "
"what is aphasia?
any disorder involving language "
"what is Work (w)?
any energy transfer that isn't heat "
"acid halide+RCOOH=
anyhdride "
"what does the van der waals equation do?
approximates real pressure/volume by actually accounting for the molecular mass/complexity of each molecule "
"something that is hydrated is said to be in the ___ phase
aqueous "
"what is the posterior chamber?
area between iris and lens" " filled with aqueous humor "
"what is an antinode?
area of max displacement. found in standing waves/causes string to vibrate at natural/resonant frequency "
"what is the macula?
area of retina with high cone density "
"what is the deal of environmental justice?
areas with high poverty often have few environmental benefits like parks and recreation.<div>looks at fair distribution of environmental benefits and burdens across social groups</div> "
"is arginine or lysine more basic?
arginine "
"what is Freud's pleasure principle?
as a child" " you want immediate gratification "
"venturi effect?
as cross sectional area decreases" " velocity increases and pressure decreases (as stated in Bernoulli's shit) "
according to snells law
as n2 increases
"what is continuity theory?
as person ages" " wants to maintain same lifestyle so they try to adapt "
"what is psychophysical testing?
assesing our perception of stimuli in relation to true physical properties (example: those illusion testing things online) "
"what is the function of NADPH produced by the pentose phosphate pathway?
assists antioxidants FL"
"what does the interactionist/social interactionist theory of language acquisition state?
associated with Vygotsky. states that childrens desire to communicate with adults leads them to develop language "
"what is thyroxine?
associated with thyroid" " responsible for regulating metabolism FL"
"where do noncompetitive inhibitors bind?
at a location other than the active site FL"
"what is a nucleophile?
attacks" donates electrons (lewis base)
"what is impression management?
attempt to control how others see us "
"what are the 4 elementary functions that babies have as proposed by Vygotsky?
attention" sensation
"what are characteristics of collectivist cultures?
attribute success to external factors but failure to internal factors "
"what are characteristics of individualistic cultures?
attribute success to internal factors but failure to external factors "
"what is stereotyping?
attributing a certain though/cognition to a group of people (overgeneralizing). this is a cognitive aspect "
"what is anthropomorphism?
attributing human traits to non human things "
"what is an internal attribution?
attributing something to someone's internal factors "
"what is an external attribution?
attributing something to the person's environment "
"what is the function of the medulla?
autonomic activity of heart and lungs "
"what is conciousness?
awareness of self and environment "
"what is categorical self?
awareness that even though we are a distinct entity" " we exist in the world with others "
"in a trans cyclic molecule one substituent will be ___ and the other will be ____
axial" " equatorial FL"
"what does the learning/behaviorist theory of language acquisition state?
babies learn language through operant conditioning from parents "
"what was the conclusion of the harlow monkey experiment?
babies prefer comfort to food/nourishment "
"what is the anal stage?
baby focues on deveoping self efficacy for pooping/peeing. fixation leads to messiness/disorganization in adult life "
"what is the oral stage?
baby focused on interacting with world through mouth" fixation leads to smoking
"what is the phallic stage?
baby starts to see opposite sex parent as rival for attention. Oedipus/Electra complex. fixation leads to sexual dysfunction in adulthood "
"what is the actual self?
balance between I and me "
"what is lewy body Dz?
basal ganglia dysfunction leading to less motor dysfunction but more cognitive dysfunction than parkinson's disease "
"how does SDS page separate proteins?
based on mass "
"what is a brute fact?
basic/fundamental facts. not ascribed by us "
"what is incentive theory
basically describes motivation in terms of positive reinforcement. ppl will be more likely to do something if <i>immediately</i> given a reward (tangible or intangible) "
"what is social proof?
basically equivalent to INFORMATIONAL social influence FL"
"what is a folkway?
basically like a common courtesy/manner.<div>Ex: saying thanks to the cashier" " telling friend his zipper is open</div> "
"what does it mean to be paramagnetic?
basically" " if it has unpaired electrons it is paramagnetic. odd # of electrons means its always paramagnetic "
"what is the organ of corti?
basilar membrane/tectonic membrane. "
"what is the prototype willingness model?
behavior is a function of 6 things" " prototyping/modeling is one of them "
"what is the situational approach to behavior?
behavior is determined by the situations we are placed in "
"what is learned behavior?
behavior learned from environment "
"what is a partial reinforcement schedule?
behavior reinforced only some of the time "
"what is a taboo?
behavior that is completely forbidden/wrong in cultures.<div>Ex: incest" " cannibalism</div> "
"what is source monitoring?
being aware of <i>where </i>a piece of information came from "
"what is self efficacy?
belief in ones ability to do things "
"what is the optimism bias?
belief that bad things happen to other people but not us "
"what is the transformationalist perspective?
believe that national governments and the world are changing "
"lactose structure
beta 1-4 link of galactose and glucose "
"cellulose structure
beta 1-4 link of glucoses "
"what waves are alertness associated with?
beta waves<div>12-30Hz</div> "
"where are the bonds occuring in the secondary structure of a protein?
between backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens FL"
"when are primary oocytes made?
between fertilization and birth "
"where does the H-bonding occur between nucleotides?
between the PYRIMIDINE rings (benzene looking things) FL"
"where is the mitral valve located?
between the left atrium and left ventricle FL"
"what is kD?
binding affinity constant "
"how does competitive inhibition work?
binding reversibly to the active site FL"
"what does calcium do in the context of muscle movement?
binds troponin-->pulls tropomyosin away from actin-myosin binding site which allows myosin to bind actin FL"
"Hans eysneck is associated with the ___ approach
biomedical FL"
"flight of ideas is a diagnostic criteria for
bipolar disorder 1 FL"
"what is fertility?
birth rate "
"what is the choroid?
black pigmented network of blood vessels used to nourish the eye "
"what is the 32 cell stage called?
blastula FL"
"glomerular filtration rate is dependent on
blood pressure "
"what are negative Sx of Schizophrenia?
blunted emotions" loss of enjoyment
"what is the behavioral aspect of emotion?
body language/facial expressions "
"what does heat of vaporization refer to?
boiling "
"rapid mood swings are characteristic of
borderline personality disorder FL"
"what is the caste system?
born with" " very little vertical mobility "
"is feature detection top down or bottom up
bottom up FL"
"what are the physiological signs of Alzheimer's Dz?
brain atrophy. neuron loss" plaques
"what is social anomie?
breakdown of social bonds between an individual and their community "
"what does a reducing agent do in electrophoresis?
breaks disulfide bonds FL"
"what is the main suspected cause of alzheimer's
buildup of amyloid plaques in brain "
"what is the function of the round window?
bulges out when fluid pushes against it "
"what is a sleep spindle?
burst of brain activity thought to suppress certain perceptions "
"what does it mean to be dibasic/tribasic?
can acccept 2 or 3 protons "
"what is the ill health magnet?
can draw people away by making them sick" " cant participate in society "
"what is a closed system?
can transfer energy but not mass "
"what is the heisenburg uncertainty principle?
cannot know exact momentum or position of electron "
"what is an isolated system?
cannot transfer energy or mass "
"what is electron capture?
captures electron" " creates neutron by combining it with a proton "
"grignard reagents create new ___ bonds
carbon-carbon FL"
"what does CO2 and H2O create?
carbonic acid (H2CO3) FL"
"what functional group is an IR peak at 1735?
carbonyl "
"what is an enoyl?
carbonyl with a double bond between alpha and beta carbons "
"what is altruism?
care about welfare of others/doing something for good of community "
"what does HDL do?
carries stray fatty acids and triglycerides TO liver FL"
"what is the function of VLDL? (very low density lipoprotein)
carry fatty acids AWAY FROM liver FL"
"what does glyceraldehyde-3phosphate-dehydrogenase do?
catalyze conversion of G3P to 1" "3-biphosphoglycerate FL"
"what does glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase do in the pentose phosphate pathway?
catalyze conversion of glucose 6 phosphate into 6-phosphogluconolactone "
"reduction always takes place at the
cathode FL"
"current flows from the __ to the __
cathode to the anode "
"what does a hallucinogen do?
causes altered perception "
"what is attenuation/damping?
causes decrease in freq and velocity. results in decreased intensity of wave "
"gut flora are found mostly in the __
cecum FL"
"what is autocrine signaling?
cell signals itself "
"what is paracrine signaling?
cell signals nearby cell "
"what is the elaboration likelihood model for persuasion?
central and peripheral route of processing. "
"centrosomes CONTAIN
centrioles" " composed of microtubules FL"
"the forebrain develops into
cerebrum "
"what are some ways to improve self control?
change environment" operant conditioning
"Doppler Effect
change in perceived frequency when wave source and observer are moving. together = higher f" " further=lower f<div><br /></div><div><br /></div> "
"what is intergenerational mobility?
change in social class between generations<div>Ex: son studies and gets rich</div> "
"what is intragenerational mobility?
change in social class during ones own lifetime "
"what is epigenetics?
changes in gene expression due to modification of DNA at the molecular level. this includes methylation" acetylation
"what are cardinal traits?
characteristics that direct most of a person's activity "
"what is effective nuclear charge?
charge felt by the outermost electrons in the outermost shell FROM the strength of the protons (so" " more protons=more charge) FL"
"units for charge?
charge=q=coulombs "
"what is the G1/S checkpoint?
checkpoint before transcription takes place FL"
"what is a lipid raft?
cholesterol rich domain in plasma membrane FL"
"what is aversive conditioning?
classical conditioning used to stop certain behaviors<div>Ex: If you want to stop Lashonda from smoking you shock her every time she smokes</div> "
"behaviorism considers
classical/operant conditioning FL"
"<sup>what does chymotrypsin do?</sup>
cleaves peptide bonds preferentially near hydroPHOBIC amino acids FL"
"what is beta oxidation?
cleaving the beta carbon next to the COOH group FL"
"what is concentration?
clusters of groups in segregated communities "
"higher level neural fxn includes
cognition" consciousness
"what is internal energy?
collective energy of molecules measured microscopically "
"what are the 3 elements of feature detection?
color" form
"what is complex behavior?
combination of innate and learned behavior "
"what is the generalized other?
common behavioral expectations of society FL"
"what are the 3 components of rational choice theory?
completeness (every action can be ranked)" transitvity (A>B>C so A>C)
"what is the critical point?
composed of critical temp (temp at which it cannot liquefy any further)+critical pressure. any point above that is the supercritical fluid. "
"what is long term memory?
composed of explicit and implicit memories" " theoretically unlimited "
"what is the aqeous humor?
composes the anterior chamber" provides support
"what is an electrolyte?
compound that forms ions in an aqueous solution "
"a child that recognizes conservation of matter (the water glass test) is in what stage of development?
concrete operational "
freezing
condensation
"what is medicalization?
conditions previously considered to be normal become diagnosable and treatable through medicine.<div>Ex: ADD and more c-sections</div> "
"what is the corpus callosum and what is it made of?
connection between 2 hemispheres. made of MOSTLY white matter FL"
"what is the episodic buffer?
connection between working and long term memory "
"what is the biomedical approach to psychological disorders?
considers ONLY biological factors "
"what is the biopsychosocial approach to disorders?
considers biological factors AND psych/sociological factors "
"what is parallel forms reliablity?
consistency between different versions of the same instrument FL"
"what is are the 3 elements of the covariation model?
consistency" distinctiveness
"how does a blood pressure reading occur?
constrict until no flow is heard. the first point at which it is heard is systolic" " the point at which it is no longer heard again is diastolic FL"
"breaking bonds ___ energy
consumes" " + delta H "
"what is the function of the frontal lobe?
contains prefrontal cortex" motor cortex
"what do the intercostal (rib) muscles do during inspiration?
contract "
"what does the diaphragm do during inspiration
contracts "
"what does the parasympathetic nervous system do to blood vessels?
contracts them FL"
"what do upper motor neurons do?
control lower motor neurons "
"what is the function of the hypothalamus
control of autonomic nervous system and basic drives (food thirst sleep sex) "
"what happens to retinal when struck by light?
converts from cis-retinal to all trans retinal "
"what is the function of the hippocampus?
converts short term memory into long term memory. "
"a sigmoidal shape indicates
cooperative binding "
"an interaction between a metal cation and an electron pair donor is considered a:
coordinate covalent interaction FL"
"what does the <b>central executive</b> do?
coordinates the visuo-spatial and phonological loops "
"what is pitch?
correlates to frequency" " higher pitch=higher freq. "
"how do you calculate hybridization?
count number of lone pairs and sigma bonds" " subtract 1 "
"what is a coordination complex?
covalently bonded complexes between nonmetal ligands and a transition metal ion "
"what is the retina?
covers back of eye" " contains many of the necessary photoreceptors "
"what is the cornea and its fxn?
covers over pupil" " serves to bend light slightly.<div>compose of thick connective tissue</div> "
"what is normative culture
culture more in line with mainstream normative society (watching a basketball game) "
"what is the relationship between culture and society?
culture provides the guidlines for living in society. culture is learned and reshaped. "
"what is culture lag?
culture takes time to catch up with technological innovation" " resulting in social problems<div>Ex: invention of cars but no laws governing them or traffic/road signs</div> "
"what is high culture?
culture that exists in high class society (wealth/formality) "
"what is a lactam?
cyclic amide "
"two cysteines combine to form a
cystine FL"
"what is a longitudinal study?
data gathered of same subjects repeatedly over time. looks for correlations "
"what is mortality?
death rate "
"what is stereotype threat?
decrease in performance when presented with a negative stereotype "
"what is negative feedback?
decrease in product "
"how does a venturi mask work?
decreased pressure inside mask allows air to rush in because its pressure is greater FL"
"what is hyporeflexia?
decreased reflexive response to stimulation "
"what does aldosterone do to blood K levels?
decreases them because of increased K secretion FL"
"N2 stage of sleep
deeper than N1" precedes N3
"what is extroversion?
degree of sociability "
"what is the main point of the zimbardo/stanford prison experiment?
deindividuation and control over the prisoners. "
"what are irrational techniques to use when the just world hypothesis is challenged?
deny the situation or reinterpret events "
"what is the denial defense mechanism?
denying that the event ever happened "
"what is the the method used in operant conditioning to operationally define a subject's motivational state?
depriving subject of something desirable for a period of time "
"what do binocular cues provide?
depth perception(due to retinal disparity) "
"what is the iron rule of oligarchy?
describes how even the most democratic organizations become more bureaucratic over time until a select few govern it "
"what is McDonaldization?
describes how fast food principles of effeciency" uniformity
"what is dramaturgy?
describes how people behave in social situation" " front stage and back stage self "
"what is heat (q)?
describes spontaneous transfer of energy from warm to cold body "
"what is a state function?
describes the state of a system in a path independent manner "
"what is the elaboration likelihood model?
describes wether we take the central or periphal route to process new information "
"what is kluver-bucy syndrome?
destruction of the amygdala results in decreased inhibition" hyperorality
"what is the function of CD8 cells?
detect and kill INTRACELLULAR pathogens FL"
"what do cones do?
detect color" " high detailed shit "
"what do rods do
detect light" " not as fine detail "
"equation for lens power?
determined by focal length" " <div>P=1/f </div><div>units: diopters: m<sup>-1</sup></div> "
"what did Mead think about development?
developed idea of social behaviorism" " as we grow up our belief on how we are perceived by others predominates in 3 stages "
"what is the theory of differential association?
deviance is learned behavior that results from continual exposure to others who violate norms. "
"what does (+) mean?
dextrorotatory FL"
"what is the equation for magnification?
di/do FL"
"what is place theory?
different pitches of sound trigger different places of the cochlear membrane "
"what do proteases do?
digest proteins into smaller fragments FL"
"what is the skeptical perspective?
disagrees with hyperglobalists" " states that countries aren't actually being integrated and the economy isnt leading towards global capitalism "
"what is signal detection theory?
discerning between important and unimportant stimuli.<div><br /></div><div>can have hit" miss
"what is cognitive dissonance?
discomfort felt when we hold 2 or more conflicting ideals/cognitions "
"what is the discrimination magnet?
discriminated people dragged away from core society "
"what is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?
discrimination=ACTION" " prejudice is just an attitude/feeling "
"velocity= ?/?
displacement/time "
"transverse wave?
displaces up and down "
"what to antigen presenting cells do?
display a MHC FL"
"what do reducing conditions do in gel electrophoresis?
disrupt disulfide bonds "
"what do denaturing conditions do during gel electrophoresis
disrupt interactions between monomers allowing primary structure to be analyzed "
"what is a chaotropic agent?
disrupts H bonding networks (****s up enzymes) FL"
"what is mass media?
dissemination of info and how its transmitted in culture<div>Ex: print media" tv
"a person who selectively forgets distracting elements of their life has
dissociative disorder FL"
"what is focal length?
distance between mirror/lens and focal point<div><br /></div><div>=1/2 radius of curvature</div> "
"definition of wavelength?
distance from any point where wave repeats itself "
"how do you calculate Rf factor?
distance traveled by thing/ solvent distance FL"
"speed= ?/?
distance/time "
"what are traits?
distinguishing qualities/characters. can be acquired or inherited "
"what is adaptive radiation?
divergence of one species into multiple different species which can occur when the original species is geographically isolated "
"what kind of lens is required by nearsighted people?
diverging" " because the focal length is too short and the image is focused in front of the retina "
"what is the worlds systems theory?
divides the worlds into 3 types of countries. core(US)" periphery(uganda)
"what are the characteristics of an ideal Bureaucracy?
division of labor" hierarchy
"what is ecological validity?
does the experiment relate to the real world?<div><br /></div> "
"what is face validity?
does this test actually measure what it claims to? FL"
"what is reciprocral altruism?
doing something altruistic with expectation of reward" " now or later "
"what is ecclesia?
dominant religion that includes most members of society "
"what are churches
dominant religious bodies in the larger society "
"what is a diastereomer?
don't differ at ALL chiral carbons" " therefore not mirror images "
"what is a coercive organization?
don't have a choice about being a member<div>Ex: prison or military</div> "
"what does a lewis base do?
donates electrons "
"what is a reducing agent?
donates electrons and is OXIDIZED "
"what happens to levels of dopamine and serotonin when the reward pathway is activated?
dopamine goes up" " serotonin goes down<div><br /></div> "
"which neurons are lost in parkinson's disease?
dopaminergic neurons leading to loss of dopamine "
"Zeff increases __ the periodic table
down FL"
"what is trisomy 21?
downs syndrome FL"
"what is a cosmopolite?
drawn to city for cultural advantages "
"what is the poverty magnet?
draws people away from core part of society" " leads to social exclusion "
"what is freud's theory of dreams?
dreams have meaning (monster chasing you" "etc) "
"what is the death instinct?
drives aggresive behaviors fueled by the unconscious wish to hurt yourself or others "
"p orbital?
dumbbell shaped" " groups 13-18 "
"what is continuous reinforcement?
each behavior is rewarded "
"what is the labelled line model of gustatation?
each taste bud has 5 different axons that syanpse at 5 different cortical locations "
"what embyronic germ layer is the mouth derived from?
ectoderm FL"
"what is a lower motor neuron(LMN?)
efferent PNS neuron that synapses on motor unit for skeletal muscle contraction to form a <b>neuromuscular junction</b> "
"how do you calculate effeciency?
efficency=(load x load distance)/ (effort x effort distance) FL"
ionization energy
electron affinity
"what is the photoelectric effect?
electrons ejected by shining light on a metal. increasing FREQUENCY of photons is what increases intensity "
"what is hund's rule?
electrons will not share orbitals until all other orbitals are filled "
"what is gamma decay?
emission of a massless gamma particle "
"what is the role of the amygdala?
emotional control. "
"what is neuroticism?
emotional stability (anxiety" " tension) "
"what is schizoid personality disorder?
emotionally detached and shows little emotion "
"what is the encoding specificity effect?
enchanced memory when testing takes place under learning conditions "
"the GI tract is derived from
endoderm FL"
"what portion of the inner ear helps determine strength of rotation/movement of head?
endolymph inside semicircular canals "
"opiates act on ___ receptors
endorphin "
"internalization of viruses by endocytosis would be mediated by
endosomes FL"
"what is the first law of thermodynamics?
energy is constant in a system<div>Î"E=q+w</div><div><br /></div> "
"what is ionization energy?
energy needed to detach electrons from the atom<div>(1st" 2nd
"what is the functionalist view of mass media?
entertainment/agent of socialization (enforcer of social norms) "
"at constant pressure heat =
enthalpy "
"what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
entropy of the universe will never decrease "
"the ____ interacts with genes to influence behavior
environment "
"what is an apoenzyme?
enzyme lacking its cofactor FL"
"what is specific activity?
enzyme units per milligram of total protein "
"what is a holoenzyme?
enzyme+coenzyme FL"
"remembering residential history/childhood memories is
episodic memory "
"blood flow rate is ___ throughout the body
equal FL"
"what is the solubility product (Ksp)?
equilibrium constant for a solvation reaction" "<div>excludes solids</div> "
"what is 10^-2?
equivalent to 1/10^2 FL"
"what is escape learning?
escaping a stimulus once it has occured "
"acid halide+ROH=
ester "
"which layer would an amide be found in?
ether layer "
"what is the secondary appraisal of stress?
evaluation of your ability to cope with the situation "
"what is normative influence?
even though you have background knowledge" " you conform to the group to avoid being a social outcast "
"what is a stressor?
event that is threatening/challenging "
"what is groupthink?
everyone thinks/acts the same way to maintain cohesiveness "
"what did charles cooley think about social development?
everyone you interact with influences you "
"what happens to the Galpha subunit of a GPCR when a ligand is bound?
exchanges bound GDP for a GTP "
"what is the function of glutamate?
excitatory neurotransmitter "
"is glycolysis exergonic or endergonic?
exergonic FL"
"what is sick role?
expectation that you can take a break from working if you are sick but taking too long of a break means you are lazy "
"what is the diffusion of responsibiliy theory?
explains bystander effect. when in a group you feel less responsible for shit "
"what is gender schema theory?
explains how individuals should be gendered in a society "
"what is a mediating variable?
explains relationship between IV and DV "
"what is priming?
exposure to one stimulus can alter our perception of another or subsequent stimulus "
"what is internal validity?
extent to which a causal conclusion based on study is warranted. "
"what is ionization constant?
extent to which something dissociates in water. "
"what is a stigma?
extreme disapproval of a person based a behavior or quality of that person "
"what is the equation for frequency of a spring?
f=(1/2pi)*(sqrt(k)/m) FL"
"what is the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string?
f=v/2L "
"what controls the anterior pituitary?
factors released by the hypothalamus FL"
"what is change blindness?
failure to notice a change in an environment due to selective attention "
"spreading activation can cause the creation of
false memories FL"
"what is a type II error?
false negative "
"what is a type 1 error?
false positive "
"what is hyperopia? and how is it corrected
farsightedness" " corrected with converging lens FL"
"the lower the index of refraction the ___ light travels
faster FL"
"ketogenesis uses ___ as substrates
fatty acids FL"
"what is culture shock?
feeling of disorientation/uncertainty/fear when encountering unfamiliar cultural practices<div>Ex: muslim guy in europe getting offended by unmarried couple kissing in public</div> "
"what is serotonin involved in?
feelings of satiation "
"what is the glass ceiling effect?
females poorly represented in higher positions "
"what are the 3 factors that contribute to a growth rate in a population?
fertility" mortality
"what is the vitreous chamber?
filled with vitreous humor" jelly like substance
"how do you determine the rate law given experimental data?
find 2 trials where only 1 reactant changes concentration" see what happens to the measured rate. if the rate doubles or halves
"what is the function of the cerebellum?
fine motor control/voluntary movement. proprioception "
"fast adapting neuron
fires as soon as stimulus starts" stops
"lowest ksp(solubility product) will precipitate
first "
"what is the primacy bias?
first impressions are long" strong
"prokaryotic flagella are made from ___
flagellin" " different from eukaryotes "
"what is structural functionalism?
focuses broadly on social structures that shape society as a whole "
"what is the basic thrust of <b>humanistic theory</b>?
focuses on healthy personality development" " humans are inherently good. <b>self motivated</b> to s<b>elf actualize. </b>emphasize <b>free will</b>. "
"what is a phenomenological study?
focuses on subjects experiences" perceptions
"what is the issue with functionalism?
focuses too much on society as a whole and not the individual "
"what is weak self efficacy?
focusing on personal failures and negative outcomes "
"what are feeding and eating disorders
food abnormalities<div>Ex: Anorexia nervosa</div> "
"coulomb's law states?
force between 2 point charges inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them and proportional to the magnitude of each charge<div><br /></div><div>F=k(q<sub>1</sub>q<sub>2</sub>)/r<sup>2</sup></div> "
"what cues are taken into account when <b>perceptually organizing depth"
form
"at what stage do children begin to engage in abstract thought and moral reasoning?
formal operational "
"what is a secondary group?
formal/impersonal and business like relationship. "
"if YUGE difference in electronegativity
forms ionic bond "
"what is accomodation?
formulating a new schema to interpret new shit "
"what is the anomeric carbon
found at new chiral center where the carbonyl was attacked "
"cones are found primarily in the
fovea "
"how to calculate coefficient of friction?
frictional force/normal force "
"what is a dizygotic twin?
from different eggs. (fraternal) "
"what portions of the ear are the outer ear?
from pinna --> TM "
"what is a monozygotic twin?
from same egg(identical) "
"what is the activation synthesis hypothesis of dreams?
frontal cortex tries to make sense of random impulses from brain stem firing during REM sleep "
"where is broca's area located?
frontal lobe FL"
"what brain structures show abnormal activity in major depressive disorder pts?
frontal lobes and limbic system "
"what is the rate limiting enzyme for gluconeogenesis?
fructose-1" "6-biphosphatase "
"what is the frustration aggression hypothesis?
frustration at a situation leads to aggression towards something and results in prejudice "
"what is the frustration-aggression principle?
frustration-->aggression-->violence<div>Ex: more crime on hot days</div> "
"Emilie Durkheim is associated with ___
functionalism "
"fructose forms a ___ ring
furanose FL"
"nonmetals tend to __ electron
gain "
"PV work takes place when
gas expands against a force "
"what is a child doing during the sensorimotor stage?
gathering info about the world through its senses "
"what is the feminist view of mass media?
gendered razors and shit" " similar to conflict theory "
"what is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
general state of tenseness and uneasyness greater than 6 months "
"what is an innate behavior?
genetically programed (reflex" fixed action pattern
"schizophrenia results from a combination of
genetics and environment "
"what is the most powerful predictor of relationships/friendships forming?
geographical proximity "
"what is an electrophile?
gets attacked" " usually with + charge.<div>carbonyls common</div> "
"what is displacement?
getting mad at an easier target "
"what is habituation?
getting sensitized to a stimulus "
"what is fixation?
getting stuck with the wrong approach to solving a problem "
"what are paraphilic disorders?
getting turned on by weird shit "
"what is the E/Z system?
given the double bond shit" if the highest priority groups are on the same side then they are Z
"what is convergence?
gives depth perception based on how much eyes are turned inward "
"glucose 6-phosphatase plays a role in
gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis "
"what enzyme produces glucose from glucose-6-phosphate in gluconeogensis?
glucose-6-phosphatase "
"what enzyme catalyzes the rate limiting step in glycogenolysis?
glycogen phosphorylase "
"what is the rate limiting enzyme for glycogenolysis?
glycogen phosphorylase "
"whats the rate limiting enzyme for glycogenesis?
glycogen synthase "
"phosphoenolpyruvate is a product of
glycolysis FL"
"what is the magno(cellular) pathway?
good at detecting motion "
"what is the parvo(cellular) pathway?
good at detecting spatial region (boundaries" shapes
"what are sociological examples of an institution?
government school religion laws business "
"competitive inhibition can be overcome with
greater [S] FL"
"what are some factors that can influence conformity/obedience?
group size" unanimity
"what is a primary group?
group that is closest to you "
"what is a negative control
group with no response expected "
"what is a counterculture?
group(subculture) with expectations/values that differ strongly with the dominant culture "
"assimilation is ___ level while socialization is ___ level
group/ individual FL"
"what is chunking?
grouping pieces of info together to improve encoding "
"s-orbital
groups 1-2" " spherical "
"what is residential segregation?
groups of people separate into different neighborhoods based on race and income level "
"what is social identity?
groups you belong to "
"what are positive Sx of schizophrenia?
hallucinations" " delusions "
"periodic table group 17
halogens "
"what are the 6 universal emotions?
happy" sad
"what is discrimination?
harmful ACTIONS against a minority "
"what is an unsaturated fatty acids?
has 1 or more double bonds "
"what is the function of a tosylate?
has a benzne ring" " usually used to protect alcohols "
"what is a reducing sugar?
has a free aldehyde or ketone group. (all monosaccharides are reducing sugars) FL"
"what is an ideal control group?
has all the factors of the test group except the thing being tested FL"
"what is an ill defined problem?
has more ambiguous starting and ending point "
"development tends to move from __ to __
head to toe "
"what is the function of the temporal cortex?
hearing" " Wernicke's area "
"what is the equation specific heat
heat capacity/mass "
"what is the function of CD4 T cells?
helper cells" " release cytokines and help suppress or regulate immune response FL"
"what is sexual dimorphism?
high degree of male/female sexual traits "
"what is test retest reliability?
high positive correlation between first and second administration of a test "
"when do gases deviate from ideal behavior?(real gases)
high pressure and low remperature" " (molecules forced close together) "
"a low Km indicates
higher binding affinity between enzyme and substrate FL"
"a faster route of entry means...
higher risk of addiction/dependence "
"what is the significance of the hill coefficient?
higher than 1 meants enzyme exhibits cooperativity "
"higher or lower wavelength penetrated deeper into cochlea?
higher wavelength" smaller frequency
"what is basilar tuning?
how brain differentiates between different frequencies. hair cells at base of cochlea activated by high freq and apex of chochlea are activated by low freq (think" " low freq means high wavelength so it travels faster) "
"what is cultural transmission?
how culture is passed from generation to generation "
"what is the conflict theory view of mass media?
how media portrays/reflects divisions between classes in society "
"dielectric constant is?
how much a material can permeate an electric flux "
"what is side effect discrimination?
how one organization can affect another negatively "
"what is self concept?
how someone thinks about or perceieves/evaluates themself "
"what is the behavioral component of attitude?
how we act about or behave towards the thing "
"what is the affective component of attitude
how we feel about something "
"what is the cognitive aspect of attitude?
how we think about something "
"what is front stage self
how you act in public or around other people" " "
"what are the cognitive aspects of emotion?
how you are perceiving/thinking about the situation "
"what is narcissistic personality disorder?
huge ego" " need for admiration/praise "
"linguistic relativity asserts that
human cognition is affected by language FL"
"what are mature defense mechanisms?
humor" sublimation
"what does a protease do?
hydrolytic cleavage of proteins FL"
"what does lipase do?
hydrolyze fatty acids/fats FL"
"what does amphipathic mean?
hydrophobic with hydrophilic end "
"what does the movement of Cl- ions into an neuron do?
hyperpolarizes it and prevents it from firing an action potential FL"
"what are the upper motor neuron signs?
hyperreflexia" clonus (rhythmic contractions of muscles)
"where is oxytocin made?
hypothalamus FL"
"what are the basic structures that comprise the limbic system?
hypothalamus" thalamus
"where does histamine in the brain travel?
hypothalamus-->cortex "
"what is conflict theory?
idea that large ineqal groups are at odds with eachother and will conflict until resolution (which is an equal society) "
"what is ego depletion?
idea that self control is a limited resource "
"what is non-material culture?
ideas" beliefs
"what is the reaction quotient?
identical to k except it does not represent the reaction at equilibrium "
"what would you expect to see if a Dz has a strong genetic component?
identical twins =/= fraternal twins<div>identical twins raised together=twins raised apart</div><div>adoptive children=biological family</div> "
"what would you expect to see if a Dz has a strong environmental component?
identical twins=fraternal twins<div>identical twins raised apart=/=twins raised together</div><div>adopted child=adopted family and NOT biological family</div> "
"what is strain theory?
if a person is blocked from attaining a goal that society says is commendable" " they will turn to deviance to achieve that goal "
"how can you tell if a disaccharide is a reducing sugar?
if it is a hemiacetal (in equilibrium with open chain form that has an aldehyde or a ketone) "
"special object distance rules for convergers?
if object d> focal point: image is real inverted<div>if object d<focal point: image is virtual and upright</div> "
"what is population validity?
if the sample can be used to extrapolate to a population as a whole "
"what is belief perserverance?
ignoring facts that challenge your beliefs" " or go against what you believe "
"what is IgA?
immunoglobulin that protects against toxins" bacteria
"negative priming requires
implicit memory "
"what remains stable as people age?
implicit memory and recognition "
"what is the biological theory of personality?
important personality components are INHERITED by GENES "
"what is cultural imperialism?
imposing ones culture on others deliberately "
What are the disruptive
impulse-control
"how do you name carbohydrates?<div><br /></div>
in a fisher projection" start numbering at carbonyl
"where is the anterior chamber of the eye?
in front of the pupil. "
"what is anterograde amnesia?
inability to encode new memories "
"what is anhedonia?
inability to feel pleasure FL"
"what is anomia?
inability to name things "
"what is retrograde amnesia?
inability to recall previosly encoded information "
"what is agraphia?
inability to write "
"what is a zymogen?
inactive form of protein FL"
"what is hindsight bias?
incliniation to see event as predictaible AFTER it has already happened "
"what is a mixed methods study?
incorporates quantitative methods as well as qualitative analysis FL"
"what is nicotine's effect on the body?
increase BP/HR" " can disrupt sleep and suppress appetite "
"what happens to insulin levels after a meal?
increase FL"
"what is reduction?
increase in H bonds or R groups" " loss of O or X bonds "
"what is oxidation?
increase in H bonds to O or X" " loss of CH bonds "
"what is long term potentiation?
increase in synaptic plasticity/strength of synapse. key component of learning. "
"what is positive feedback?
increase product "
"what are the function of the bumps/grooves in the cerebral cortex?(gyri/sulci)
increase surface area "
"what is urban decline?
increased crime and bad shit in a city as people move out "
"a decreased Km indicates
increased substrate affinity/increased velocity FL"
"increased blood O2 and decreased blood CO2 does what to pH?
increases it (respiratory alkalosis) "
"what does a decrease in bending do to the focal length?
increases it FL"
"what does aldosterone do?
increases sodium reabsorption" which increases blood osmolarity
"what is the genital stage?
individual develops sexual maturity "
"what is the hawthorne effect?
individuals modify aspect of their behavior when they know they are being watched "
"what is dissortative mating?
individuals with different phenotype more likely to mate "
"what is hypnosis?
induced altered state of conciousness. more susceptible to power of suggestion "
"mary ainsworth studied
infant attachment FL"
"what is attribution?
inferring about the causes of events "
"what are the assumptions for hardy-weinberg?
infinte population" random mating
"visual spectrum?
infrared ROYGBIV ultraviolet<div>longer <!--anki-->λ<--> shorter λ</div><!--anki--> "
"what is avoidant personality disorder?
inhibited. avoid putting themselves in situations where they can be criticized? "
"what are GABA and glycine?
inhibitory neurotransmitters "
"what is the primary appraisal of stress?
initial response to a stressor. can be irrelevant" benign/helpful
"neutrophils and macrophages are part of the
innate immune system FL"
"what is instinctual drift?
innate tendency to replace operantly conditioned shit with instinctual shit "
"what does the information processing model postulate?
input-->process-->output "
"where is grey matter located in the spinal cord?
inside. white is on outside "
"what is the solubility of oxides in water?
insoluble" " except for those with group 1 cations "
"what is Treisman's attenuation theory?
instead of the selective filter we have an attenuator that weakens but doesn't eliminate something from the unattended ear. <div><br /></div><div>Sensory register-->attenuator-->perceptual process-->conscious</div> "
"what is institutional discrimination?
instituion (government/bank/school) taking action against a minority "
"what is an organization?
institution designed for a specific purpose or goal. "
"what is the diathesis-stress model?
integrates biological predispositions with environment "
"what is reciprocal determinism?
interaction between individuals behaviors" enviroment
"mead is a
interactionist FL"
"what is cultural assimilation?
interpretation and fusion of ethnic minority into dominant culture "
"what does a lower index of refraction do to the refraction angle?
inversely proportional according to snell's law. so large refraction angle results from LOW index of refraction FL"
"What are obsessive compulsive disorders?
involuntary thoughts" " compulsions <div>Ex: OCD</div> "
"what are neurodevelopmental disorders?
involve distress/disability due to abnormality during development<div>Ex: autism/retardation</div> "
"what are ethnographic methods?
involves observing social interactions in real social settings FL"
"Schizophrenia spectrum and other Psychotic disorders
involves psychosis(delusions). can have hallucinations. "
"what is collective behavior?
involves short social behavior when groups aggregrate for a short period of time. "
"sour and salty molecules rely on __ channels
ion "
"what is a phobia?
irrational fear of specific objects or situations "
"what is the unconditioned response?
is not learned" " is innate.<div>Ex: hamster gets excited near a carrot</div> "
"a positive deltaH and positive delta S means the reaction
is spontaneous at high temperatures FL"
"whats the rate limiting enzyme for the TCA cycle?
isocitrate dehydrogenase "
"a large equilibrium constant means what about deltaG?
it is very negative (spontaneous) FL"
"if pKa less than current pH
it will be deprotonated "
"what is gestalt's law of similarity?
items similar to one another grouped together "
"what is gestalt's law of proximity?
items that are close together are grouped together "
"what is episodic memory?
its a part of explicit memory" " specifically referring to birthdays/holidays and shit "
"what property of the lipid sphingomyelin makes it important for action potentials?
its conductivity(or lack thereof)" " as conductivity and insulation are related FL"
"why is the sodium ion smaller than potassium or chloride?
its highest subshell is 4s" which is lower than the other two (4p
"what is the superego?
its our moral conscience" " and is found as part of the conscious and unconscious mind "
what is current
its units
"what is the function of DNA ligase?
joining strands of DNA together FL"
"what is cultural relativism?
judging a culture using its own standards instead of your own "
"what is xenocentrism?
judging another's culture to be superior to your own "
"how do you measure catalytic efficiency?
kcat/Km "
"what is the main functional group in a ketose?
ketone "
"NaBH4 reduces only
ketones and aldehydes "
"what is the deal with Albert <b>Bandura a</b>nd the bobo doll experiment?
kids would abuse a defenseless blow up doll if they saw a video of it beforehand "
"what do cytotoxic T cells do?
kill cancer cells or infected/damaged cells FL"
"what is kinaesthesia and how is it different from proprioception?
kinaesthesia is more behavioral while proprioception is more subconcious. more related to movement than sense of position in space<div><br /></div><div>Ex. teaching yourself how to hit a ball</div> "
"what causes the action potiential to be sent down the auditory nerve?
kinocilia move" connected to tip link
"what is family?
kinship of blood" marriage
"what is existential self?
knowledge that you are separate/distinct from others "
"what are some starting materials for gluconeogenesis?
lactate" oxaloacetate
"what is the wavelength of a standing wave in a closed-closed or open open space?
lambda=2L/n<div><br /></div><div>where L is length and n is harmonic</div> FL"
"what is the strong hypothesis of linguistic determinism?(Whorfian)
language determines thought COMPLETELY. <div><br /></div><div>Ex: tribe of ppl who don't have grammar for past tense dont think about time the same way we do</div> "
"what is the weak hypothesis of linguistic determinism?
language influences thought. makes it easier for us to think in ways our language is structured<div>Ex: language reads left to right so you draw something left to right</div> "
"what is mass hysteria?
large group of people experience anxiety" fear
"what are riots?
large number of people engaging in dangerous or illegal behavior "
"gross motor skills involve __ muscles
larger "
"what conveys info the visual cortex?
lateral geniculate nucleus FL"
"what is a nonsense mutation?
leads to a premature termination FL"
"what is learned helplessness?
learn from having control taken from you that you have no control so you are unable to use coping mechanisms "
"what is learning performance distinction?
learning a behavior and performing it are 2 different things "
"what does the kinetic enolate form during tautomerization?
least substituted alkene with lower Ea "
"language is mostly localized to the __ hemisphere
left "
"the right visual field goes to the __ side of the brain
left "
"what is contralateral control?
left side of brain controls right side of body & vice versa "
"light from the right visual field will strike the
left temporal and right nasal retina "
"positive emotions are associated with the __ side of the brain and negative emotions are associated with the __ side
left<div>right</div> "
"what are central traits?
less dominant than cardinal traits such as honesty or shyness "
"what is dysthymic disorder?
less severe depression over a priod of 2 years(ish) FL"
"kinetic product
less stable" less energy required
"what is absolute poverty?
level required to survive "
"what is socialization?
lifelong process where we learn social expectations and how to interact with others "
"what are the basic steps of the phototransduction cascade?
light hits retinal-->retinal changes conformation to trans-->rhodopsin protein changes conformation-->transducin released-->transducin binds and inactivates phosphodiesterase-->lower levels of cGMP-->Na+ channels close-->rod turns OFF "
"rods are specialized for perceiving?
light vs dark" black vs white
"what is diffraction?
light/wave bends around an object "
"definition of reflection?
light/wave bounces back at angle = to angle of incidence<div><br /></div> "
"what is sensory memory?
like the sensory register. composed of <b>iconic</b> and <b>echoic</b>. iconic is what you see" lasts a few seconds.<div><br /></div><div>echoic is what you hear
"what is a conjunction fallacy?
linda protested at an anti nuclear thing so she must a feminist and a bank teller instead of just a feminist or just a bank teller "
"what is gestalt's law of continuity?
lines are seen as following smoothest possible paath "
"what is PTSD?
lingering thoughts/nightmares after a traumatic past event. can be triggered.<div>Ex: war" " rape</div> "
"what is the zone of proximal development?
link between can and can't do" " should be target for teaching. "
"electron configuration
list shells and subshells from lowest to highest energy level<div>Ex: Na= 1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>1</sup></div><div>Na+=1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup></div><div><sup><br /></sup></div> "
"what is antisocial personality disorder?
little or no regard for others. commit crimes and show no remorse "
"blood from the small intestine flows to the
liver FL"
"what is the lens of the eye?
located behind pupil" " bends light towards fovea. changes shape based on suspentory ligaments "
"what are optic discs?
located inside rods/cones. contain proteins that fire APs to brain "
"decibels(dB)
log scale" for increase of 10 dB
"what are personality disorders?
long term mental/behavioral features characteristic of person that case distress "
"sound waves are ____ waves
longitudinal"
"what is informative influence?
look to group for guidance when you have no knowledge of the topic "
"what is a cross sectional study?
looking at gorup of different people at one moment in time" " analyzes data from that group "
"what is social epidemiology?
looks at health disparty through lens of race" gender
"what is the interactionist view on mass media?
looks at how mass media blurs line between solitary and group activites<div>Ex: can't talk in movie theater with group of friends</div> "
"what is microsociology?
looks at small scale interactions" " families and schools "
"what is functionalism?
looks at society as a whole and how institutions within that society serve to keep the society functioning<div>society is at EQUILIBRIUM</div> "
"what is the resource mobilization theory?
looks at the factors that help or hinder a social movement from doing its shit "
"what is a retrospective/prospective cohort study?
looks back at events" " follows group over time "
"what is euchromatin?
loose" " easily accesible to transcription machinery FL"
"metals tend to __ electrons
lose "
"what does it mean when something is oxidized?
loses electrons<div>OIL RIG</div> "
"what is the main physiological evidence of Parkinson's disease?
loss of <b>substantia nigra</b>" " which is a darker tissue in the brainstem "
"what are neurocognitive disorders?
loss of cognitive brain function AFTER nervous system developing<div>Ex: alzheimers</div> "
"what is atrophy?
loss of muscle volume "
"what is the third level of maslow's hierarchy of needs?
love(need for acceptance/intimacy) "
"characteristics of a sigma bond?
low energy" stable
the GI tract
lungs
"qualities of metals?
luster" ductility
"what is the function of the leaky potassium channels?
maintainence of resting membrane potential FL"
"what is Rationalization?
making yourself believe the bad thing was not your fault "
"what are the 3 bones in the inner ear?
malleus" incus
"functionalism makes a distinction between
manifest and latent functions of societal activites/structures FL"
"what is the somatosensory homunculus?
map of body in brain" " specific region of body has specific region in cortex "
"what is social network analysis?
maps series of relationships among a set of individuals FL"
"mass % =?
mass solute/total mass of solution * 100 "
"ppm=?
mass solute/total solution mass * 10<sup>6</sup> "
"what is the effect of cocaine?
massive increase in dopamine" serotonin
"what are some functions of animal communication?
mating" defend territory
"what is the I and me?
me is what what we learn through interactions with others" " I is response of individual "
"what is the actual definition of temperature?
measure of amount of molecular movement "
"what is index of dissimilarity?
measure of level of segregation<div>0 is totally segregated" " 100 is perfectly distributed</div> "
"what does a bomb calorimeter do?
measures at a CONSTANT VOLUME "
"what does a coffee cup calorimeter do?
measures reaction at CONSTANT PRESSURE "
"what conveys info the auditory cortex?
medial geniculate nucleus FL"
"what are some coping mechanisms for stress?
meditation" exercise
"wave velocity depends on
medium density and medium inertia "
"what is a subculture?
medium subcommunity that distinguishes itself from the larger/dominant community "
"what is the brainstem composed of and what is its function?
medulla" pons
"where is glomerular filtrate the most concentrated?
medullary collecting duct FL"
"what are platelets formed from?
megakaryocytes "
"what does heat of fusion refer to?
melting "
"what is a utilitarian organization?
members are paid/rewarded for their work and efforts "
"what is explicit memory?
memory of facts" places
"what are the 3 characteristics that impact wether we are persuaded for or against a particular message?
message characteristics" source characteristics
"what are terminals?
metal conductors "
"cytokinesis is possible because of what protein structure?
microFILAMENTS "
"what are actin and myosin made of?
microfilaments FL"
"what are pseudopodia made of?
microfilaments FL"
"what is a colloidal mixture?
microscopic suspension of particles. stuff does not dissolve completely. (ex: milk) FL"
"the midbrain develops into
midbrain "
"what is absolute threshold of sensation?
minimum intensity of stimulus needed to correctly detect it 50% of the time "
"pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in the
mitochondrial matrix "
"fatty acid oxidation occurs in the
mitochondrial matrix FL"
"pyrvuate is converted to acetyl coA in the
mitochondrial matrix FL"
"what is a demographic transition?
models change in country's population over time "
"what are the 4 things we do to alleviate cognitive dissonance?
modify our cognitions" trivialize the importance of their cognition
"what is molarity
mol/L<div>depends on amount of solvent</div> "
"london dispersion forces rely mostly on
molecular mass FL"
"what are the characteristics of an ideal gas?
molecules have no size or volume" do not exert a force on eachother
"what is mol fraction?
mols compound/total mols of all species "
"what is molality?
mols solute/kg solvent<div>(mol/kG)</div> "
"what is financial capital?
money and a$$ets "
"higher Ksp means it is (more/less) soluble
more FL"
"what is the recency bias
more importance placed on your recent actions "
"are shorter wavelengths(higher freq) more likely or less likely to be absorbed by body tissue?
more likely FL"
"when there is high degree of consensus
more likely to attribute to external factors<div>Ex: whole group of people late to a meeting</div> "
"when there is a high degree of distinctiveness
more likely to attribute to external/environmental factors<div>Ex: guy is late because of huge car crash</div> "
"when there is a high degree of consistency
more likely to attribute to internal factors<div>Ex: this one guy is always late</div> "
"the more positive E (electric potential) is
more likelyhood of reaction proceeding "
"are there more rods or more cones?
more rods "
"thermodynamic product?
more stable" higher energy required
"lower Rf factor means it is ___ polar because the plate itself is ___
more" " polar FL"
"what is the 16 cell stage called?
morula FL"
"what does the thermodynamic enolate form?
most substituted alkene "
"what is white matter?
mostly myelinated axons "
"what is grey matter?
mostly neural soma "
"what is the function of the reticular formation?
motivation and alertness. filters info and sends important shit to the thalamus. sleep wake cycle/awareness<div>(think: 'tickled')</div> "
"what is extrinsic motivation?
motivation by external factors or rewards "
"what is intrinsic motivation
motivation by internal factors/ desires "
"basic neural fxn includes
motor" sensory
"what is vertical mobility?
move up or down social hierarchy<div>Ex: manager becomes CEO at fast food place</div> "
"what is urbanization
movement of people from rural to urban areas "
"what is a regressive/reactionary movement?
movement to RESIST change "
"what is an activist movement?
movement to enact a new change "
"what is horizontal mobility?
movement within same class<div>Ex: accountant gets new job as accountant</div> "
"how many reading frames does prokaryotic mRNA have?
multiple FL"
"to find overall frequency if the genes are unlinked
multiple each probability together FL"
"what is intersectionality?
multiple ways to discriminate against people "
"how do you find the density of an object when you are given its specific gravity?
multiply the specific gravity by the density of water (keeping an eye on units) FL"
"how does your inner ear adapt to loud noises?
muscle contracts TM to prevent damage "
"what makes a cyclic compound aromatic?
must have 4n+2 pi electrons to be aromatic" " and conjugated "
"what are schwann cells?
myelin producing cells of PNS FL"
"what are oligodendrocytes?
myelin producing cells of central nervous system FL"
"in muscle contraction the ___head binds to the ___ filament
myosin head" " actin filament FL"
"what is the ploidy of a secondary spermatocyte? and of a primary spermatocyte?
n" 23/ 2n
"snell's law?
n<sub>1</sub>sintheta=n<sub>2</sub>sintheta<sub>2</sub><div><sub><br /></sub></div> "
"what is index of refraction?<div><br /></div>
n=c/v<div>determines how light travels through the medium</div> "
"what is libido?
natural enery source" fuels mild for motivation to surive
"what is drive reduction theory?
need energizes our drive to do something into an aroused state" " fulfilling that drive calms us down "
"anion has a _ charge
negative "
"diverging lenses always have a _ focal length sign
negative "
"virtual images always have _ sign
negative "
"what is the sign for a virtual image distance?
negative "
"what is the sign for an anode?
negative "
"what is the sign for the potential in a galvanic cell?
negative FL"
"electric field always points to?
negative charge "
"nucleophilic fxnl group
negative charge" " ATTACKS "
"what is the function of the amygdala?
negative emotions" fear
"what is distress?
negative type of stress that builds over time and is bad for the body "
"what is the enthalpy change for an exothermic reaction?
negative" " -Î"H "
"anion exchange columns bind:
negatively charged anions "
"a neutral molecule with a dipole moment will experience what in an electric field?
net torque FL"
"what is social capital?
network of relationships and connections that give opportunites and advantages "
"non adapting neuron
neuron fires at constant rate "
"slow adapting neuron
neuron fires rapidly at first then tapers off "
"what controls the posterior pituitary?
neuronal stimulus from the hypothalamus FL"
"what is acetylcholine?
neurotransmitter released in frontal lobe "
"what is neustress?
neutral type of stress. doesnt affect you really (like news of natural disaster in another country) "
"what is retroactive interference?
new learning impairs old information/memory. "
"what is an imide?
nitrogen attached to 2 ketones "
"can you oxidize a tertiary alcohol?
no "
"do aldehydes and ketones have a leaving group?
no "
"does the rate of an SN1 reaction depend on nucleophile concentration?
no "
"is the pancreas tied to the pituitary?
no "
"does the distance between 2 parallel plate capacitors affect the potential between them?
no FL"
"would a pyrimidine-->pyrimidine mutation affect structure?
no FL"
"if velocity is constant
no acceleration "
"why is there higher resolution at the fovea?
no axons in the way of light entering "
"do polar or charged amino acids play a part in dimerization of proteins?
no because they interact with the cytosol preferentially. "
"characteristics of ideal fluid?
no viscosity" incompressible
"can viral budding occur in bacteria?
no" " because prokaryotes have a cell wall "
"periodic table group 18
noble gases "
"what is cultural capital?
non financial social assets that promote social mobility beyond economics<div>Ex: parents are rich so you can travel and be socially aware and know how to tie a tie etcs</div> "
"what is an entantiomer?
non superimposable mirror immage" " differs at every single chiral carbon "
"what role do pure substances play in calculating the equilibrium constant?
none" " they are given a value of 1 and do not contribue "
"what does dichloromethane solvate?
nonpolar solutes FL"
"what are prosthetic groups?
nonprotein components of enzymes required for enzymatic activity. NOT part of original AA sequence of protein "
"the ""me"" is basically
not doing a dick move" " doing what society expects you to "
"what is the latent stage
nothing much really happening" " libido focused on developing communication skills. fixation doesn't lead to much of anything "
"what happens during neurulation?
notochord stimulates ectoderm to develop into neural tube "
"Carboxylic acids typically do NOT undergo
nucleophilic addition "
"what is the difference betwen nucleoside and nucleotide?
nucleotide has PHOSPHATE" " whereas nucleoside just has the sugar and base "
"what is the first brain structure thought to be lost in the progression of alzheimers?
nucleus basalis" " important for cognitive function and AcH release "
"the intensity of EM radiation is directly proportional to
number of photons emitted FL"
"what is the preconventional stage divided into?
obedience v. punishment and individualism vs self interest "
"sleep deprivation can lead to
obesity" depression
"what is obedience?
obey orders from a higher authority<div>(traffic laws" firefighter
"what is gestalt's law of closure?
objects grouped together are seen as whole (filling in a triangle where there is none" " pacman shit) "
"what is a case control study?
observational study where 2 groups that have different outcomes are compared to find a causal factor "
"doppler equation
observed freq=Source freq.*(C±V<sub>o</sub>)/(C±V<sub>S)</sub><div><sub><br /></sub></div><div><sub>Î"freq/source freq=v/c and Î"λ/λsource=v/c</sub></div><div><sub>where v is relative speed of source/observer and c is speed of wave in the medium</sub></div><div><sub><br /></sub></div><div>observed freq=source freq±Î"freq or λ<sub>o</sub>=λ<sub>s</sub>±Î"λ</div><div>if moving closer together" " add source freq and Î"freq or subtract Î"λ from λ<sub>s</sub></div> "
"what is OCD?
obsessive compulsive disorder "
"breathing related disorders can take 3 forms:
obstruction related" brain related
"what are the trauma/stress related disorders
occurs after stressful/traumatic event.<div>Ex: PTSD</div> "
"what is Schizotypal personality disorder?
odd beliefs/magical thinking "
"where is grey matter located in the brain?
on the outside" " white is on inside "
"what is a missense mutation?
one AA substituted for another FL"
"what is transesterification?
one alkoxy group is substituted for another "
"what is spreading activation?
one cue/memory stimulates retrieval of other related memories "
"what is assortative mating?
one genotype/phenotype reproduces at a higher rate "
"what is an independent stressor?
one not controlled by the person "
"what do you need to utilize the doppler equation?
one of the speeds (detector or source)" " along with the observed and emitted frequencies FL"
"what is individual discrimination?
one person taking action against another "
"what is a microculture?
one that cannot support people through their lifespan" only affect one period of life<div>Ex: girl scouts
"what is a heterogeneous catalyst?
one that has different phase than the thing it catalyzes "
"what is primary deviance?
one that is met with mild/no reaction "
"what is secondary deviance?
one that is met with severe reaction/consequence "
"what is a bohr atom?
one that only has one electron "
"what is a dependent stressor?
one that the person influences "
"what are pathological defense mechanisms?
ones that distort reality "
"which amino acids are used to make proteins?
only L FL"
"what is central route processing?
only if you are interested in it" deep processing of info
"what is the role of the prefrontal cortex in the reward pathway?
oooh look at that fat blunt "
"what is the pupil?
opening in middle of iris. opens and closes due to iris contraction. "
"BF skinner is associated with
operant conditioning FL"
"what is spatial mismatch?
opportunities for low income people are farther away and harder to access(literally" " the jobs are far away) "
"somatosensory tracts synapse on the (same side/opposite side) in the brain
opposite side "
"nerves from the nasal retinas cross over at the
optic chiasm "
"what does evolutionary game theory state?
organism that is most fit will survive and reproduce "
"what is audition?
our sense of sound "
"the stapes is attached to the ____
oval window" " pushes in when vibrating "
"what reaction takes place at the anode?
oxidation "
"what does PCC do?
oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones "
"an increase in oxidation number means the compound was
oxidized "
"a compound with a high reduction potential is likely to be a good
oxidizer FL"
"periodic table group 16
oxygen group "
"density(p)
p=m/v<div><br /></div><div>units: kg/m<sup>3</sup></div> "
"at the half equivalence point pH is equal to
pKa "
"how does the addition of oxygens to a molecule affect pKa/acidity?
pKa decreased and acidity INCREASED FL"
"nociception
pain "
"what is the more knowledgable other?
part of Vygotsky's theory. is the person who who knows more than the learner and assists in their development "
"what is the ego?
part of unconscious and conscious. it mediates between the superego and the Id. seeks LONG TERM gratification "
"what is the visuo-spatial sketchpad?
part of working memory involving visual memories. works with the <b>phonological loop</b> to "
"differences in electronegativity give a bond __
partial ionic character "
"what is passve aggression?
passively expressing your anger "
"what are the elimination disorders?
peeing or pooping at bad times "
"what is rational choice theory?
people are not motivated just by money" " but by doing whats best for them "
"what is the hypothesis of relative deprivation?
people become more prejudiced/discriminatory when they are lacking some resource "
"what is optimum arousal theory?
people do things to reach a peak state of arousal "
"what is the bystander effect?
people feel less responsibility to do shit or help others when in a large group "
"what is the relative deprivation theory?
people join social movements when they are oppressed "
"what is effort justification?
people more likely to give something greater value if they put a lot of effort into it "
"what is social constructionism?
people shape their reality through social interactions/agreement. things are real because we make them real "
"what are the 4 main points of culture?
people share culture" cultures is adaptive
"whats the deal with Milgram's experiments?
people shocked a confederate alot due to obedience to authority. demonstrated that everyone has a fundamental obedient side to them "
"what is relative poverty?
percentage below median of country. does not challenge survival but exlcudes them from society "
"what are the bipolar and related disorders?
periods of negative mood WITH periods of abnormally positive mood called Mania<div>Ex: bipolar disorder</div> "
"what is migration?
permanent movement of people into or out of country "
"in what direction does a moving photon (light) displace the E field and Magnetic field?
perpendicularly to eachother "
"what are the rights and obligations of the sick role?
person has right to be exempt from normal social obligations and forfeit responsibility for being sick<div><br /></div><div>person is obligated to recover and obligated to seek medical attention if needed</div> FL"
"what is gender dysphoria?
person identifies as different gender "
"what is the looking glass self?
person's sense of self develops through perceptions of how others perceive us "
"what does behaviorist theory state?
personality result of learned behavior patterns based on environment. deterministic" " meaning people start as blank slates and get molded by the environment "
"what is trait theory?
personality traits describe overall personality and describe it as a pattern of behavior "
"what is the henderson hasselbach equation?
ph=pka+log(base/acid) FL"
"what is the sexual response cycle?
phases during banging<div>1) excitement/arousal</div><div>2) flatline</div><div>3) orgasm</div><div>4)refractory period</div> "
"what is the founder effect?
phenomenon where certain areas of world show higher allele frequency than others FL"
"what is material culture?
physical and technological aspects <div>Ex: housing" food
"what is a stress reaction?
physical/emotional response to a stressor "
"what are the basic needs in maslow's hierarchy of needs?
physiological (food" " thirst)<div><br /></div><div>saftey (safe environment/home)</div> "
"what is the outer(visible) part of the ear known as?
pinna "
"what is the relation between role playing and attitude?
playing a new role can shape an attitude "
"fraction submerged equation?
pobject/pfluid=fraction submerged "
"what type of solvent is preferred by sn2 rxns?
polar aprotic "
"the hindbrain develops into
pons/medulla/cerebellum "
"what is the acrosome?
portion of sperm containing enzymes to digest zona pellucida<div><br /></div> "
"how does the media affect stigmas?
portraying things negatively to a mass audience "
"proprioception
position "
"cation has a _ charge
positive "
"converging lens always have a _ focal length sign
positive "
"real images always have a _ sign
positive "
"what is the sign for a real image distance?
positive "
"what is the enthalpy change for an endothermic reaction?
positive " " Î"H+ "
"what happens during out group derogation?
positive rxn to our in group but negative rxn to out group "
"what happens during in group favoritism?
positive rxn to our in group but neutral reaction to out group "
"what is eustress?
positive stress that motivates you "
"what is delta G of an endergonic reaction?
positive Î"G "
"what is the sign for enthalpy(H) for an endothermic reaction?
positive(requires heat) FL"
"what is the sign for a cathode in a galvanic/electrolytic cell?
positive/negative "
"what will happen if Ksp is exceeded?
ppt will form "
"what are the 3 stages of Kohlberg's moral development theory?
pre-conventional" conventional
"what stage of development are children most egocentric and engaging in pretend play?
pre-operational "
"what stage of development does a child start to use symbols to represent things?
pre-operational "
"what is wernicke's encephalopathy?
precursor to Korsakoff's syndrome" " left untreated it will progress to Korsakoff's "
"what are secondary traits?
preferences or attitudes Ex: liking art or not eating meat "
"what does stereoselective mean?
prefers R or S "
"what are mead's 3 stages?
prepatory(interaction through imitation)" play stage (pretend play)
"what is a cohort study?
preplanned following subset of population over a lifetime "
"mechanoception
pressure "
"what is vapor pressure?
pressure created by molecules above liquid "
"the initial filtration step in the kidney occurs due to
pressure difference in bowman's capsule FL"
"what are the 2 things needed to perceive sound?
pressurized sound wave and hair cells in ear "
"what are the things that can affect retrieval?
priming" context
"what is capitalism?
private ownership of means of production" " free market economy "
"what is a well defined problem?
problem with a clear start and end point "
"riding a bicycle is a form of ____ memory
procedural "
"what is the function of a dendritic cell?
process antigen material" " and present it to T cells. act as messengers between adaptive and innate immune system FL"
"what ia Bureaucratization?
process by which an organization becomes increasingly regulated by rules/laws/policy "
"what is gatekeeping?
process by which small number of people or corporations control what info is presented in media "
"what is stress?
process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats/challenges. "
"what is encoding?
processing info and transferring it into memory "
"what is the function of a fibroblast?
produce ECM FL"
"what is a plane mirror?
produces image behind its plane at distance equal to object distance in front of the plane. "
"what is paranoid personality disorder?
profound distrust/suspicion of others "
"what is projection?
projecting your own feelings onto someone else "
"what are immature defense mechanisms?
projection and passive aggresion "
"what is an extensive property?
proportional to system size (volume" " mols) "
"what is an exurb?
prosperous area outside of a suburb "
"what does the pancreas produce?
proteolytic enzymes (chemotrypsin) "
"what type of solvent is favored by SN1 rxns?
protic "
"what is a bronstead-lowry base?
proton ACCEPTOR FL"
"what is a bronstead-lowry acid?
proton DONOR FL"
"when pH is less than pKa
protonated FL"
"what are sertoli cells?
provide nourishment for developing sperm cells "
"the dispositional theory of behavior is more closely related to
psychoanalysts FL"
"what are somatic symptom disorders
psychosomatic issues<div>Ex: fibromyalgia</div> "
"what is a factitious disorder?
pt wants to be sick so he makes shit up to get Dx/Tx "
"what does the sodium potassium pump do?
pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in. Net output of 1+ out of cell" " maintains negative potential INSIDE CELL FL"
"glucose forms a ___ ring
pyranose FL"
"the terminal electron acceptor in fermentation is
pyruvate "
"what enzyme converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate in gluconeogenesis?
pyruvate carboxylase "
"pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA by
pyrvuate dehydrogenase "
"what is the equation for heat transfer?
q=CÎ"T "
"what is the equation for specific heat capacity?
q=mcÎ"T "
"what is the work done on a charged particle in an electric field?
qv FL"
"aldehydes and ketones being attacked can produce a ____ mixture
racemic "
"if Q=K
reaction is at equilibrium "
"if a reaction has K>1
reaction is spontaneous under the temp required to derive that value "
"if Q<K
reaction shifts to increase products(forward rate increases) "
"if Q>K
reaction shifts to increase reactants(reverse rate is greater) "
"what is standard enthalpy of formation?
reaction that produces 1 mol of a compound from its raw elements in their standard states "
"what is gestalt's law of pragnanz
reality reduced to simplest form possible (think" " olympic rings). instead of seeing 5 rings you see olympic logo "
"the primacy/recency effect is most pronounced when
recall takes place immediately afterward "
"what is free recall?
recall without any cue "
"what abilities decline as people age?
recall" episodic memory
"what is sensory adaptation?
receptor changing over time due to stimulus. can downregulate or upregulate (think hand on table" " no change in pressure so receptor will stop firing until it changes again) "
"what is the the TrpV1 receptor?
receptor that causes signaling for both heat and pain. "
"definition of period?
reciprocal of frequency" " it is time taken for wave to move 1λ<div><br /></div><div>determined by SOURCE</div> "
"what is the unit for a first order reaction?
reciprocal seconds (s-1) FL"
"a decrease in oxidation number means the compound was
reduced "
"what is the fate of pyruvate in gluconeogenesis?
reduced to glucose and NADH oxidized to NAD+ FL"
"NABH4 and LiAH4(LAH) are
reducing agents that reduce ketones and aldehydes<div><br /></div><div>only LAH reduces COOH" esters
"what reaction takes place at the cathode?
reduction "
"each half reaction has a potential known as
reduction potential (oxidation potential in reverse) "
"what is standard state?
reference form for a substance at temperature T & pressure of 1 bar "
"what is selection bias?
refers to bias in how people are chosen to participate "
"what is locus of control?
refers to extent to which people think they have control over their life "
"what is an epimer?
refers to one pair of stereocenters that differ at only one chiral center "
"what is electric potential (E)
refers to potential for transfer of electrons "
"what is a diverging mirror/lens?
reflects light so perceived image is on opposite side of mirror/lens from observer "
"what does a converging mirror/lens do?
reflects light to converge at point in front of mirror/opposite lens "
"what happens to the refractive index as freq. increases?
refractive index also increases FL"
"what does vasopressin do?
regulates insertion of aquaporins into collecting duct FL"
"what is the function of the pons?
regulates walking and relaxing "
"what is the function of the parathyroid?
regulation of calcium levels "
"what is the function of the thyroid?
regulation of metabolism "
"what is gentrification?
reinvestment into low income places" " results in increased housing costs and poor people displacement "
"what is the arrhenius equation?
relates collision frequency with spatial orientation & fraction of collisions with sufficient relative energy to give a rate constant "
"what is self referencing?
relating new info to yourself to help encoding "
"what are the 3 things needed for a social movement to develop?
relative deprivation(feeling like you dont have enough)" feeling of deserving better
"what do monocular cues provide?
relative size" interpositon
"hyperpolarization of a neuron prevents its ability to
release neurotransmitters FL"
"what is an arrhenius acid/base?
releases H+/releases OH- FL"
"forming bonds ____ energy
releases" " -delta H "
"what is the function of B cells?
releasing antibodies FL"
"what is intuition?
relying on instinct "
"what happens to the allele frequency in hardy weinberg?
remains the same FL"
"what is implicit memory?
remembering stuff like how to ride a bike" how to clench your sphincter to stop the poop log
"what does a phosphatase do?
removes phosphate group from substrates FL"
"what is negative punishment
removing a stimulus to stop a behavior from happening "
"what is negative reinforcement?
removing stimulus to increase likelyhood of behavior being repeated "
"what do exonucleases do?
repair base pair mismatches FL"
"what is nonassociative learning?
repeated exposure to one stimulus "
"what is the mere exposure effect?
repeated exposure to something improves our opinion of it "
"what is trial and error?
repeatedly trying all possible combinations to solve something "
"what is social reproduction?
reproducing social inequality<div>Ex: rich kid from rich parents</div> "
"what is an endogenous cue?
require internal/background knowledge to understand the cue "
"why is ATP required for muscle contraction?
required to break myosin-actin bond FL"
"inertia
resistance to changes in motion "
"what is resistivity?
resistivity=resistance*area/ length FL"
"what is self esteem?
respect and regard for self "
"what is operant extinction?
response no longer reinforced so it may not occur again "
"what is demand characteristics?
results altered because of what the subject thing the experimenter wants them to say/do "
"what is a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?
reward given after a fixed ratio of responses/behaviors "
"what is variable ratio?
reward given after different number of responses.<div>Ex: slot machine</div> "
"what is variable interval?
reward given after varying amounts of time "
"what is fixed interval?
reward given at a fixed TIME interval" " may result in slower response rate "
"what does behaviorism say about learning?
rewards/punishment FL"
"what kind of sugar does NADPH contain?
ribose(pentose) because it is a nucleotide derivative FL"
"what happens when light hits a rod?
rod turned OFF-->bipolar cell turned ON-->retinal ganglion cell turned ON-->goes to brain "
"secretory proteins are synthesized and folded in the
rough ER FL"
"what does a positive deltaH mean
rxn requires input of heat FL"
"what is the rate constant for a unimolecular mechanism
s-1 "
"what is a conformational isomer
same connectivity" " different spatial orientation "
"what is a structural isomer
same formula" " different connectivity "
"what is rote rehearsal?
saying the same shit again and again" " is the least effective encoding technique "
"alpha helix and beta sheets are an example of
secondary structure "
"what is unique about exocrine glands?
secrete through ducts "
"what is the hyperglobalist perspective?
sees globalization as new age in human history" " countries become more interdependent "
"what is centralization?
segregation+concentration in a central area<div>Ex: harlem</div> "
"what is the 4th level of maslow's hierarchy of needs?
self esteem (feeling self confident in your achievements and shit) "
"what are the components of social identity?
self identity" " collective identity FL"
"what are the 3 elements of self concept theorized by carl rogers?
self image" self esteem
"what is meditation?
self induced altered state<div>increased alpha and theta waves</div><div>regular practitioners have greater ability to control attention</div> "
"what skills improve as we age?
semantic memory" emotional reasoning
"object permanence appears in
sensorimotor stage "
"what does broadbent's early selection theory state?
sensory register-->selective filter-->perceptual process-->conscious<div><br /></div><div>problem? if you selectively filter everything then you wouldn't be able to hear your name in a crowded room. </div> "
"what is the function of the thalamus?
sensory relay station. smell is the only sense that bypasses the thalamus "
"what is a concentration cell?
separates oxidation and reduction reactions.<div><br /></div><div>cells differ in their ion concentrations" " electrons flow to where there is greater concentration of ions</div> "
"what is segregation?
separating groups of people and giving access to separate resources "
"what neurotransmitter does LSD interfere with?
serotonin "
"what is globalization?
sharing of culture money and ideas due to increased international trade "
"what is principal quantum number?
shell level of electron "
"how is the lagging strand synthesized?
short RNA primers FL"
"what are cults?
short lived radical groups that reject societal norms. "
"characteristics of a pi bond?
shortens bond length" increases entropy
"whats the deal with Solomon Asch's line experiments?
showed that people would conform even though they knew they were right or because they doubted themselves "
"proteins destined for the cell membrane have a
signal sequence to bind to rough ER FL"
"what is cost signalling?
signalling that you have resources to give "
"what are the 4 major categories of stressors?
significant life changes" catastrophic events
"what is silica gel and its significance in chromatography?
silica gel is a polar stationary phase" " so more polar compounds will elute slower and have lower Rf "
"you are more likely to trust/work with/date/marry someone who looks ___ to you
similar "
"what is korsakoff's syndrome?
similar to AD" " causes memory deficits.<div><br /></div><div>main cause is malnutrition/lack of thiamine or vitamin B1. common in alcoholics. </div> "
"what is the basic deal with feminist theory?
similar to conflict theory" " women are oppressed blah blah "
"what is a quasi-experimental design?
similar to experimental study but lacks random assignment "
"what is endothelium?
simple squamous cells that line blood and lymphatic vessels FL"
what is the collection of nerves
sitting above the cribiform plate
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
the nervous system
skin
"what are sleep-wake disorders?
sleep related issues<div>Ex: insomnia/sleep apnea</div> "
"what is the N3 stage of sleep?
slow wave sleep" " mostly composed of delta waves "
"trypsin and lipase function in what part of the body?
small intestine "
"what are c fibers
small" " unmyelinated "
"what are some physical abnormalities seen in schizophrenia pts?
smaller cerebral cortex" abnormal dopamine levels
"fine motor skills involve
smaller muscles "
"what are alpha-delta fibers
smaller than alpha-beta" " less myelin "
"what are sects?
smaller" " established in protest of the larger church "
"neurons in the autonomic nervous systm control?
smooth muscle" cardiac muscle
"gender is a ___ construct
social "
"what is exchange theory?
social application of rational choice theory. states that people do decision making using a cost benefit analysis "
"what is weak social constructionism?
social constructs dependent on brute facts or institutional facts "
"what is the post conventional stage divided into?
social contract and universal ethical principle "
"what is a meritocracy?
social position achieved solely based on personal ability and achievement "
"what is ethnicity?
socially defined by national origin/distinct cultural patterns "
"what is race?
socially defined category based on physical differences "
"what is a gender role?
societal norms for behavior of a gender "
"what is the conventional stage divided into?
societal norms/acceptance and law and order "
"what is symbolic interactionism?
society is a product of everyday interactions of individuals "
"what causes a neuronal depolarization?
sodium ions moving IN "
"at room temperature all ionic compounds exist as ___
solids "
"what does henry's law state?
solubility of a gas is proportional to its vapor pressure "
"what is a solution?
solute --> solvent<div>(solute goes into solvent)</div> "
"what is hydration?
solvation in WATER "
"what is algorithmic problem solving?
solving problems using a set step by step method "
"what is the function of the parietal lobe?
somatosensory cortex" " spacial manipulation "
"what is external locus of control?
something else is in control of your destiny.<div>Ex: blame external factors</div> "
"what is proactive interference?
something from prior memory affects new learning<div><br /></div><div>E.g. writing down the old year after Jan 1</div> "
"what is past-in-present discrimination?
something from the past" that may be illegal now
"specific gravity?
sp. gravity= psubstance/pwater "
"what is spacing?
spacing out study sessions instead of cramming "
"what is the fovea?
special part of macula that has ONLY cones "
"what are the steps in spermatogenesis?
spermatogonium-->primary spermatocyte-->secondary spermatocyte--> spermatid-->spermatozoan "
"what lipid is the component of myelin?
sphingomyelin FL"
"what happens during prophase?
spindle apparatus forms" centrioles move to poles
"what is found in muscles that give us information about how they are stretched?
spindle fibers "
"what is a spliceosome?
splices from RNA not DNA FL"
"if both Î"H and Î"S have the same sign
spontaneity depends on temperature "
"what is diffusion?
spread of invention/discovery/ideas to other parts of world.<div>Ex: mcdonalds in india</div> "
"how do enzymes lower the Ea?
stabilizing transition state FL"
"what is a trait?
stable characteristic of a person that causes individuals to consistently behave certain ways "
"what did <b>Carl Rogers</b> theorize?
stated that the qualities described by Maslow were develoepd early in life in a <b>growth promoting climate</b>. "
"what is modernization theory?
states all countries will follow similar path to become modernized. looks at internal social dynamics "
"poiseuille's law
states that a small increase in radius=large increase in flow rate.<div><br /></div><div>Q=deltaP*(pi*r<sup>4</sup>)/8nL</div> "
"what is the resource model of attention?
states that attention is a limited resource and that we suck ass at multi-tasking "
"what is social learning?
states that people learn through observing others FL"
"what is dependency theory?
states that periphey countries export their core goods to core countries and therefore will never get out of poverty "
"what is the mass society theory?
states that social movements are just a way for people to isolate themself from society "
"what is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
states that temperature exists "
"what is the malthusian theorem
states that the world will eventually run out of food "
"what is the 5 factor model of trait theory?
states that there are 5 major categories of traits found in every person.<div><br /></div><div>Openness</div><div>Conscientiousness</div><div>Extroversion</div><div>Agreeableness</div><div>Neuroticism</div><div><br /></div><div><b>OCEAN</b></div> "
"what is ascribed status?
status that you are born with<div>Ex: being born into royalty</div> "
"what is achieved status?
status that you earn<div>Ex: olympic athlete</div> "
"what is the difference between a stereotype and prejudice?
stereotype is a specific assumption while a prejudice is a general attitude FL"
"what is a self fulfilling prophecy?
stereotypes lead to behaviors that affirm original stereotype. <div>repeated exposure to a stereotype causes members of stereotyped group to conform to the stereotype</div> "
"cannabis/marijuana/weed has characteristics of
stimulants" hallucinogens
"what does ACTH do?
stimulate adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and aldosterone "
"what does prolactin do?
stimulate breast milk PRODUCTION FL"
"what does oxytocin do?
stimulate breast milk RELEASE (as well as uterine contractions" " etc) FL"
"what is the function of lutenizing hormone?
stimulate leydig cells to promote testosterone-->make sperm FL"
"what does a stimulant do?
stimulates CNS<div>increase HR and BP</div><div>nicotine" caffeine
"what is bottom-up processing?
stimulus affects our perception" " data driven "
"what is the proximal stimulus?
stimulus registered by sensory receptors "
"what is a subliminal stimulus?
stimulus that is just below our absolute threshold of sensation "
"what is c (signal detection theory?)
strategy used "
"what is cortisol?
stress hormone FL"
"more + E values mean
stronger oxidizing agent and easily reduced "
"more - E values means
stronger reducing agents and easily oxidized "
"dynamic equilibrium is described by what theory?
structural functionalism FL"
"what is macrosociology?
study of large populations and institutions. looking for patterns "
"what is dependent personality disorder?
submissive and clingy "
"what is azimuthal quantum number?
subshell and subshell SHAPE<div>0=s" 1=p
"how do you calculate the energy of a photon released from an excited electron?
subtract lower energy level from excited energy level FL"
"succinyl CoA synthetase produces
succinate and GTP "
"what is a panic disorder?
sudden panic attacks=intense fear and has physical Sx "
"what is hess' law?
sum of each enthalpy change is equal to the total enthalpy change <br />(adding up enthalpy changes" " calculating with molar amounts) "
"what does DNA methylation do?
suppress transcription by condensing chromatin FL"
"what does a depressant do?
suppresses CNS<div>lowers HR and BP</div><div>alcohol" barbiturates
"what is the ciliary body?
suspensory ligaments+ciliary muscle "
bitter
sweet
"what are the 5 main tastes?
sweet" sour
"what is an opiate/opioid?
synthetic derivative of poppy seed" " decrease CNS function but also act as analgesic "
"Ecstasy/ Molly/ MDMA
synthetic hallucinogen" " also has stimulant properties. increases dopamine and euphoria. increases HR "
"how do you find the pI of an amino acid without any acidic/basic side chains?
take the averages of the amino and carboxy pKas. w FL"
"what is the definition of symbolic interactionism?
takes small scale view of society" " society is built of everyday social interactions "
"what is Intellectualization?
taking intellectual aspects and detaching the emotional aspects of the situation? "
"what is disengagement theory?
talks about how old people deatch from society and become more introspective "
"what is ubiqutination?
targeting a protein for degradation by proteasomes FL"
"what are the 3 things that affect our ability to multitask?
task similarity" task difficulty
"what is hidden curriculum?
taught at school. stuff like how to stand in line" wait our turn
"thermoception
temperature "
"what is entropy(s)
tendency for disorder "
"what is the halo effect?
tendency for people to be perceieved as inherently good or bad "
"what is electronegativity?
tendency to attract electrons "
"what is role conflict?
tension BETWEEN statuses "
"what is role strain?
tension WITHIN one status "
"disulfide bridges are what level of protein structure?
tertiary "
"what does an uncompetitive inhibitor bind?
the E-S complex FL"
"what happens to acceleration of an object as its mass increases?
the acceleration would DECREASE FL"
"epi and nor-epi are produced by
the adrenal medulla FL"
"what connects Wernicke's and Broca's area?
the arcuate fasciculus "
"f subshell in which groups?
the bottom 2 row things "
"where do epi and nor-epi bind?
the cell surface because they are derived from amino acids and are polar FL"
"where are upper motor neurons located?
the cerebral cortex" " synapse in spinal cord "
"what portions of the ear are the inner ear?
the cochlea/semicircular canals "
"what is psychotisim?
the degree to which you distort reality "
"what differentiates collective behavior from groups?
the fact that they are OPEN and have LOOSE NORMS "
"what is self actualization?
the final level of maslow's hierarchy of needs. its when you reach your full ******* potential "
"what part of the brain is the olfactory bulb a part of?
the forebrain FL"
"what is biological sex?
the genes you are born with/sex you are born with "
"what is a reference group?
the group to which a person compares themselves "
"the fluid pushes on what part of the hair cell?
the hair bundle" " composed of kinocilia "
"what controls the pituitary gland?
the hypothalamus "
"the more - an E is
the more likely it is to be oxidized "
"the more + an E is
the more likely it is to be reduced "
"what compound elutes first in reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography?
the more polar compund FL"
"what is the iris?
the muscle that contracts to change the shape of the eye. is colored "
"there is a blind spot in the eye where
the optic nerve connects "
"phosphogluconate is involved in
the pentose phosphate pathway "
"what is heritablity?
the percentage of variation in traits due to genes.<div><br /></div><div>Ex: 4 boys raised in tightly controlled environments. Differences in IQ between each would be due to genetics only" " and that value is heritabiliy</div> "
"what is the actual definition for chemical equilibrium?
the rates of the forward and backward reaction rates are equal "
"weber's law?
the ratio of background intensity to incremental intensity is constant<div><br /></div><div>Î"I = Ik</div> "
"a t-test greater than the p value means?
the results are not significant "
"light from the left visual field will strike..
the right temporal and left nasal retinas "
"the only way to change the value of Ksp is to change
the temperature "
"what is the conditioned stimuli?
the thing that can elicit the conditioned response "
"what is the unconditioned stimulus?
the thing that elicits the unconditioned response. does not require learning<div>Ex: hamster loves carrots</div> "
"what is the limiting reactant?
the thing that is completely used up when the reaction runs to completion "
"what is the first peak in a gas chromatograph representing?
the thing with the lowest molecular weight and weakest intermolecular forces FL"
"which part of the antibody recognizes foreign pathogens?
the tip of each light/heavy chain FL"
"what is culture?
the way of life shared by a group of individuals "
"what is society?
the way people organize themselves. i.e. people who live together in an area "
"what is strong social constructionism?
the whole of reality is dependent on language and social habits. all knowledge is social" " no such thing as brute fact "
"what is the just world phenomenon?
the world is fair and people get what they deserve "
"what is LL Thurnstone's theory of primary mental abilities state?
there are 7 factors to intelligence (word fluency" verbal comprehension
"positron emission is favored when
there are more protons than neutrons FL"
"what is convection?
thermal energy tansfer in a liquid (think air/ocean currents) "
"what is radiation?
thermal energy transfer using EM waves (white hot metal radiating heat) "
"what waves are drowsiness associated with?
theta waves "
"N1 stage of sleep is dominated by
theta waves" hallucinations
"how do you figure out the higher harmonic frequencies?
they are multiples of the fundamental frequency" " so f2=2*f1 FL"
"what is happening to particles in a longitudinal wave?
they are striking eachother to propogate the wave "
"what is the sclera?
thick fibrous tissue covering posterior 5/6 of eye. (1/6 covered by cornea)<div><br /></div> "
"what is the zona pellucida?
thick outer covering of human egg cell. penetrated by sperm acrosome "
"what are alpha-beta fibers
thick" " lots of myelin. supah fast nerve conduction "
"what is the conjunctiva?
thin layer of cells covering cornea "
"what are primary reinforcers?
things that are innately satisfying like food or sexy time "
"what are secondary reinforcers?
things that have been LEARNED to be positive "
"what are agents of socialization?
things that help you socialize<div>family" media
"what is personal identity?
things unique to you "
"what are phermones
things used by animals to communicate "
"what is an ethnic village?
think: chinatown "
"what does the linguistic universalism theory state?
thought determines language completely.<div><br /></div><div>Ex: New Guinea only have 2 words for color. If they had other thoughts" " they would develop more words for color</div> "
"what is just noticeable difference?
threshold at which you can notice a change in sensation "
"what is a morula?
tight collection of 32 cells" " beginning of differentiation "
"what is half life?
time it takes for 1/2 of substance to decay. results in exponential decay and a semi-log plot. "
"what is the purpose of benedict's test?
to detect reducing sugars FL"
"a floating object displaces volume of fluid=
to its own mass "
"what does it mean to be ethnocentric
to judge someone else's culture from your own culture's viewpoint "
"what is the function of behavior?
to maintain homeostasis "
"what is tokenism?
token black guy/minority in a tv show "
"what is the tyranny of choice?
too many choices at supermarket" " leads to decision paralysis and regret over buying "
"torque equation?
torque=F*l <div><br /><div>units: N*m</div></div> "
"how to calculate partial pressure?
total pressure of mixture * mol fraction of the gas you are trying to calculate partial pressure for "
"what is a redox reaction?
transfer of electrons "
"what is conduction?
transfer of heat(thermal energy) via collisions and requires physical contact "
"what does a kinase do?
transfer phosphate from high energy molecule (GTP or ATP)" " to substrate FL"
"a frameshift mutation only affects
translation FL"
"what do ABC transport proteins do?
transport shit OUT of cell FL"
"what direction does RNA polymerase travel in? what direction does it synthesize in?
travels: 3-->5<div>synthesized: 5-->3</div> FL"
"what do amphetamines do?
trigger release of dopamine" " and block its reuptake "
"Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum binds to
troponin FL"
"what are the 8 stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
trust v. mistrust" autonomy v. doubt
"are dyadic or tryadic groups more stable?
tryadic FL"
"what is retrieval?
trying to bring back a memory from long term memory into working memory "
"what is assimilation?
trying to fit things into an existing schema (ss=same schema) "
"how does a simple mercury barometer work?
tube of mercury closed at one end and inverted into bath of mercury" " height changes depending on force of atmospheric pressure "
"what is a positive control?
tx with known response "
"what is Repression
unconsciously pushing negative thoughts away "
"a large kD means
unfavorable interaction" " low binding affinity FL"
"what is an intensive property?
unrelated to system size (pressure" " temperature) "
"what is borderline personality disorder?
unstable relationships and emotion" " variable self image/compulsive "
"what is the strecker synthesis?
used to make amino acids "
"what is the method of loci?
useful for encoding things that need to be memorized in order "
"what is top-down processing?
uses background knowledge to influence perceptions (cube illusion). theory driven "
"what are the reagents/products of the gabriel synthesis?
uses potassium phtalimide "
"what is the availability heuristic?
using examples that come to mind "
"what are the telltale signs of a substance use disorder?
using higher dose" failing to meet obligations
"what is environmental burden?
usually located near areas of heavy industry/waste facilities/manufacturing/airports and shit "
"what is a mesylate?
usually used as a protecting group" " has no benzene ring "
"otolithic organs?
utricle and saccule<div>calcium carbonate crystals that drag hair cells with the help of gravity to determine position</div> "
"wave velocity equation?
v=f*λ<div><br /></div><div>v= velocity" f=frequency
"Bernoulli's equation?
v=sqrt(2gh)<div><br /></div><div>as velocity increases" " pressure decreases. </div> "
melting
vaporization
"which reinforcement schedule is the most effective?
variable ratio "
displacement
velocity
"acceleration= ?/?
velocity/time "
"dopamine is produced in the_____ region of the brain
ventral tegmental "
"what is the phonological loop?
verbal info being processed (think: repeating something to yourself again to remember it) "
"what is histrionic personality disorder?
very attention seeking. display large emotions/wear bright clothes "
"how would a person rate a girl after walking over a high narrow bridge?
very high because of sympathetic nervous system arousal "
"what is a flashbulb memory?
very vivid/strong memory created in moment of high emotion "
"what is the social contract stage of kohlberg's moral development?
views laws as malleable to promote social welfare FL"
"diverging mirror/lens characteristics?
virtual" upright
"what is social isolation?
voluntary isolation from society/mainstream "
"what is the equation for PV work?
w=-PÎ"V "
"what is the function of the descending loop of henle?
water reabsorption FL"
"what is the function of the loop of henle?
water reabsorption FL"
"shortest period = shortest____
wavelength "
"the resolution for imaging techniques is proportional to
wavelength" " (shorter is better) FL"
"what are social facts?
ways of thinking and acting formed by society that are immutable/timeless "
"what did Raymond <b>Cattell </b>propose?
we all have 16 essential personality traits "
"what did Hans <b>Eysenck</b> propose?
we all have ALL traits but express them to different degrees. also" 3 dimensions of personality <b>psychotisim
"what is a false consensus?
we assume everyone agrees with us even if they really dont "
"what is the theory of planned behavior?
we consider our intentions and the implications of our actions before acting<div>Intentions are based on attitudes" subjective norms
"what is normatiave social influence?
we do something to gain respect/support of peers and to be accepted by them<div>Ex: all my friends like justin bieber and i pretend like i do even though i feel like he is a moron</div> "
"what is an exogenuous cue?
we dont have to tell ourselves to notice it. like a bright color or loud noise "
"high pKa means
weak acid FL"
"what is secularization?
weakening of social and political power of religions "
"the buoyant force on an object= ?
weight of displaced fluid "
"what was observed for insecurely attached children?
were not soothed by return of mother" " exhibited some distance from parent "
"what is global aphasia?
wernicke's and broca's aphasia put together "
"what is external validity?
wether results can be generalized to the real world "
"what is gender identity?
what gender you internally express (male" female
"what is gender expression?
what gender you outwardly express "
"what is the leaving group?
what is kicked off when the nucleophile attacks" " definied by its stability alone or in solution. usually a weaker base "
"what is the evolutionary approach to motivation?
what is not learned" " just instinctual "
"what is a gender script?
what we expect men and women to do in interactions based on gender"
"what is relative configuration?
when 1 substituent changes" " and others remain the same spatially "
"what is the corticobulbar tract?
when UMN from cerebral cortex synapses in brainstem "
"what is the corticospinal tract?
when UMN from cerebral cortex synapses in sinal cord "
"what is a dipole moment?
when a center of positive charge is displaced from center of negative charge<div><br /></div><div>London dispersion/van der waals: weakest dipoles</div> "
"what is decay?
when a memory is unable to be retrieved. may still exist "
"what is deviance?
when a norm is violated "
"what is avoidance learning?
when a signal is given before a fire breaks out" " and then you escape "
"what is internalization?
when a thought/idea/beliefe has been integrated into your own value/belief system "
"what is dispersion?
when all light scatters "
"what is an adoption study?
when an adopted child is compared to their biological family and adopted family "
"what is an electrolytic cell?
when an external power source is attached to a galvanic cell and forces a reverse reaction<div><br /></div><div>has negative emf</div><div>cathode is -" " anode is +</div> "
"what is spontaneous recovery?
when an old conditioned response comes back spontaneously "
"what is opsonization?
when antibodies bind to antigens on a pathogen FL"
"what does Piaget think about language development?
when children learn to think in a certain way the develop language to explain those thoughts<div>Ex: When develop object permanence" " create words like hide or hidden or away</div> "
"what is extinction?
when conditioned stimulus no longer elicits conditioned response "
"what is divided attention?
when doing more than one thing your brain quickly switches between things instead of multitasking "
"what is solvation?
when ionic compounds dissolve "
"what is total internal reflection?
when light wave has angle of incidence greater than the critical angle "
"definition of refraction?
when light/wave bends towards the normal "
"what is a normative organization?
when members come together through a shared goal<div>Ex: MADD </div> "
"what is resonance?
when natural frequency and driving frequency match. = max vibration and max amplitude "
"what is associative learning?
when one event is connected to another<div>Ex: Classical Conditioning/operant conditioning</div> "
"what is group polarization?
when opinion/decision of a group pushes to an extreme. this happens because all criticism is directed to dissenting view and all praise is directed to shit that supports the majority opinion "
"what causes condensation?
when partial pressure of vapor is greater than vapor pressure of liquid "
"what is dishabituation?
when previously habituated stimulus is removed "
"what is the alpha anomer?
when the OH and methoxy groups are opposite to eachother "
"what is the beta anomer?
when the alpha and methoxy groups are on the same side "
"what is conduction aphasia?
when the arcuate fasciculus(connection between Wernicke's and Broca's) is broken" " cannot connect the two things. difficult to repeat things that are said to you "
"what causes evaporation?
when vapor pressure of liquid is higher than partial pressure of vapor "
"what is compliance?
when we do a behavior in order to gain a reward or avoid punishment "
"what is inattentional blindness?
when we fail to notice something in our view because our attention is focused elsewhere "
"what is back stage self
when you act like yourself and do things that make you feel comfortable "
"what is the reality principle?
when you are older/mature" " have to sacrifice short term reward in favor of long term gratification "
"what is peripheral route processing?
when you arent interested or motivated in the message" focus on superficial characteristics of speaker
"what is projection bias?
when you assume others share the same beliefs as you "
"what is informational social influence?
when you defer to the judgement of people who you think have more knowledge of the topic than you "
"what is identification?
when you dress/act a certain way to be like someone you look up to "
"what is the representativeness heuristic?
when you look for a representative prototype and use that to make decisions/inferences "
"what is similarity bias?
when you only befriend people who look like you "
"what is private conformity?
when you publicly conform but privately maintain your own beliefs "
"what is social loafing?
when you put in less effort when individual beahvior isn't evaluated "
"what is regression?
when you start acting childish in problematic situations "
"what is role exit?
when you stop engaging in a previous role to start engaging in a new one "
"what causes a crash?
when you take a typical drug dose without your body pre-emptively compensating for it "
"what is the focal point?
where real or virtual light rays converge "
"what portions of the ear are the middle ear?
where the ossicles are "
"what does the continuity equation state?
while flow rate can change" " the volume displaced remains the same FL"
"what is electron affinity?
willingness to accept new electrons "
"what is PV work?
work done by changes in pressure or volume "
"work equation?
work=fd or fdcostheta "
"what is the equation for mechanical work done by an ELASTIC force?
work=fd/2 "
"what is motivational interviewing?
working with pt to find intrinsic motivation to change "
"what is the common ion effect?
works according to Le Chatliers principle" " can alter the equilibrium depending on what the ion added is "
"the more highly assimilated an immigrant group is the more likely they have
worse health outcomes FL"
"do platelets have ribosomes?
yes "
"does salinity affect enzyme rate?
yes FL"
"is entropy a state function?
yes" " path does not matter. "
"what is the foot in the door techinque?
you are more likely to do something big when asked to do something smaller first "
"what is internal locus of control?
you can control your own destiny "
"what is gestalt's law of symmetry?
you perceive symmetry in objects and forming aorund a central point "
"all amino acids exist as ___
zwitterions FL"
"what is the 1 cell stage called?
zygote FL"
"what is the pka of the n-terminus?
~10 FL"
"equation for free energy in a cell?
Î"G=-nFEmax<div>n= # of mols of electrons transferred</div> "
"what are the equations for free energy?
Î"G=Î"Go+RTln(Q)<div><br /></div><div>Î"Go=-RTln(K)</div> "
"if only PV work is performed
Î"H=q<div>enthalpy change=heat transferred into system</div> "
"what is the equation for enthalpy?
Î"H=Î"U+PÎ"V "
"calculating change in velocity equation?
Î"v=at "
"calculating change in distance equation?
Î"x= (V<sub>o</sub>*t)+1/2at<sup>2</sup> "