MCB 100 infection and disease
endemic disease
# cases stable and predictable in affected area
IgG
-85% of antibodies -carries out many functions including: complement activation, agglutination, opsonization, and neutralization. IgGs can pass through the placenta from the mother to a fetus to provide some protection to the infant
active immunity
-host produces antibodies that bind and inactivate antigen -memory develops
IgE
-monomeric; release histamines from mast cells & attract eosinophils -fight off parasites too large for phagocytes
IgD
acts as a membrane-bound antigen receptor on B-cells.
epidemic
sudden, unpredicted increase in disease cases
immunoglobins
antibodies
IgA
dimeric; 5% in blood but most commonly synthesized -mucous and milk and secretions
immunity
enhanced resistance to specific infection as a result of previous exposure -produce specific proteins called antibodies
pandemic disease
epidemic in many regions of wold simultaneously
artificial immunity
host deliberately exposed to antigen to produce immune response
natural immunity
host encounters infectious antigen in uncontrolled fashion
passive immunity
host receives preformed antibodies made by another individual -gives immediate protection but no memory
antibody
Y-shaped protein that is found in blood serum or mucous that is formed in the host in response to exposure to an antigen -each specific to one antigen
antigen
a foreign (non-self) complex which, when introduced into a host, causes the host to make specific antibodies that can bind to that antigen -large; usually protein or protein nucleic acid -must have immunogenicity (stimulate antibody production) and reactivity (binds to antibody well)
Resistance
natural ability of a host to resist an infection by a microorganism that the host has never encountered before -nonspecific
sporadic disease
occurrence is rare and unpredictable
IgM
pentameric; 10% of blood agglutinizes well -predominant in primary immune response -complement activation -neutralize toxins
