*Mcgraw Hill BIO425 Chapter 10 Muscular System
lateral
Most of the muscles that evert the foot are found in the ____ compartment of the leg.
lateral
Most of the muscles that evert the foot are found in the ___compartment of the leg.
coracoid
"The proximal skeletal attachment of the short head of the biceps brachii is the ___ process of the scapula. "
quadriceps femoris
"The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and the vastus intermedius are heads of a muscle called the _____"
FALSE
"True or false: A muscle described as having a direct attachment is attached to the bone via a tendon or aponeurosis. "
Flexion of knee
"What is the major action of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh, commonly called the ""hamstrings?"" "
B. During inspiration, it depresses the floor of thorax
"Which describes the action of the diaphragm when it contracts? "
Gluteus maximus
"Which is a large posterior thigh muscle that is active in stair climbing, running, and elevation of the trunk after stooping? "
Help prevent slippage of the humeral head in the glenoid fossa
"Which is the common action of all the rotator cuff muscles? "
Platysma
"Which muscle draws the lower lip and angle of the mouth downward and may also help open the mouth widely? "
fascia
"Which term refers to a sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups? "
"1. Extends thigh at the hip 2. Abducts thigh "
Choose the actions of the gluteus maximus from the list below.
Abducts thigh Extends thigh at the hip
Choose the actions of the gluteus maximus from the list below.
"1. Extends thigh at the hip 2. Abducts thigh "
Choose the actions of the gluteus maximus from the list below. Select all that apply.
"1. Relaxes to allow other muscles to have control over the action 2. Limits the speed or range of the action by opposing the other muscles involved "
During a particular joint action, an antagonist may do which of the following?
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior) Sternocleidomastoid
List the flexors of the neck
"Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes"
List the flexors of the neck.
Multipennate
Many bipennate muscle units merging onto one tendon
Thigh adductors
Medial compartment
gastrocnemius (腓肠肌)
The muscle indicated by the arrow is the lateral head of ____
gluteus medius
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ___
extensor
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ___ digitorum
teres
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ___ major
iliacus
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ___ muscle
platysma
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ___ muscle
platysma muscle
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ____
occipitalis
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ____ muscle.
sternocleidomastoid (胸锁乳突肌)
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ____ muscle.
trapezius (斜方肌)
The muscle indicated in the figure is the ______
maximus
The muscle indicated in the picture is the gluteus ______
Levator scapulae
The muscle indicated in this picture is the ____
sartorius
The muscle indicated in this picture is the _____
oris
The orbicularis ___ is the muscle that attaches at the modiolus (angle) of the mouth and inserts in the tissue of the lips.
A. Adduct the arm B. Flex the arm E. Medially rotate the arm
The pectoralis major acts on the humerus to do which of the following?
"Clavicle; Costal cartilages Sternum"
The pectoralis major has multiple skeletal attachments. Choose three from the list below.
"Blood vessels Muscle spindles Nerves "
The perimyslum contains which of the following?
"Pubic symphysis Ischial tuberosiies Coccyx"
The perineum is bordered by which of the following bony landmarks?
"ischial tuberosities Pubic symphysis Coccyx "
The perineum is bordered by which of the following bony landmarks?
"Semitendinosus; Biceps femoris; Semimembranosus"
The posterior compartment of the thigh contains which of the following muscles?
adduct
The primary action of the indicated muscle is to ___ the thigh.
triceps brachil
The______ is a three-headed muscle on the posterior side of the humerus.
Dorsiflexion & Inversion of the foot
What are the actions of indicated muscle?
"Dorsiflexes foot Tautens plantar aponeurosis Extends toes "
What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?
1. Anterior flexion of the wrist; 2. Ulnar flexion of the wrist
What are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar flexion of the wrist; Anterior flexion of the wrist
What are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
"1. plantar flexes foot 2. Flexes knee "
What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?
"1. Inversion of the foot; 2. Dorsiflexion "
What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion + Inversion of the foot
What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?
"Movement Heat production Blood sugar regulation"
What are the functions of skeletal muscle?
"Proximal fibula; Interosseous membrane; Middle of tibia "
What are the proximal attachments of the soleus?
Medial tibia & Pubis and ischium( 胫骨内侧和耻骨和坐骨)
What are the skeletal attachment for the indicated muscle?
Lateral tibia and interosseous membrane; Medial cuneiform
What are the skeletal attachment of the tibialis anterior?
Medial cuneiform; Lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
What are the skeletal attachments of the tibialis anterior?
"Superolateral angle of mouth Zygomatic bone"
What are the skeletal attachments of the zygomaticus major?
A thick sheet of connective tissue separating neighboring groups of muscles
What is a fascia?
Extend the digits
What is most likely to be the action of the extensor digitorum?
Abduct and meidally rotae thigh
What is the action of the gluteus maximus?
Abduction of the arm
What is the action of the indicated muscle?
Flexes the thigh
What is the action of the indicated muscle?
Flexion of lumbar vertebral column
What is the action of the indicated muscle?
Lateral rotation of humerus
What is the action of the indicated muscle?
elevate angle of mouth
What is the action of the indicated pair of muscle?
Retract scapula; fixes scapula
What is the action of the muscle group indicated in the figure?(Rhomboid minor & major)
Closes the eye; aids in flow of tears across eye
What is the action of the orbicularis oculi?
Closes and protrudes lips as in kissing
What is the action of the orbicularis oris?
Pronate the forearm
What is the action of the pronator teres?
Extend the knee
What is the action of the quadriceps femoris?
Flexes hip and laterally rotates thigh
What is the action of the sartorius?
Plantar flexion of the foot
What is the action of the soleus?
Draws the angle of the mouth upward and laterally
What is the action of the zygomaticus major?
calcaneus
What is the distal skeletal attachment (insertion) of the gastrocnemius?
Elevate and protect ribs during inspiration
What is the function of External intercostal muscle?
Tibialis anterior
What is the most medial muscle of the anterior (extensor) compartment of the leg?
Soleus (比目鱼肌)
What is the name of the indicated (deep) muscles?
Semitendinosus
What is the name of the indicated muscle?
"1. Transverse abdominal 2. External abdominal oblique 3. Internal abdominal oblique 4. Rectus abdominis "
Which are muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
A. External abdominal oblique B. Transverse abdominal C. Rectus abdominis D. Internal abdominal
Which are muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
Clavicle and scapula
Which are origins of the deltoid muscle?
A muscular dome between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
Which best describes the diaphragm?
Lateral
Which compartment of the leg contains the fibularis (peroneus) longus?
Patellar ligament
Which connects the kneecap to the tibial tuberosity?
During inspiration, it depresses the floor of thorax
Which describes the action of the diaphragm when it contracts?
A loose connective tissue layer around each individual muscle cell
Which describes the endomysium?
Biceps femoris
Which hamstring muscle has a tendon that wraps laterally around the knee?
Orbicularis oris (眼眶肌)
Which is a complex of muscles that encircle the mouth? Orbicularis oculi Occipitalis Mentalis Orbicularis oris
Orblcularis oris
Which is a complex of muscles that encircles the mouth?
Masseter
Which is a parallel muscle located in the jaw?
Deltoid
Which is a prominent scapular muscle that can move the arm in many different ways?
Triceps brachii
Which is a three-headed muscle on the posterior side of the humerus?
"Semispinalis muscles Trapezius Spleniu muscles"
Which muscle are neck extensors?
Serratus anterior
Which muscle arises from separate heads on all or nearly all of the ribs, wraps laterally around the chest, passes across the back between the rib cage and scapula, and ends on the medial border of the scapula?
Buccinator
Which muscle compresses the cheek?
Levator palpebrae superioris
Which muscle contracts when you open your eye?
Trapezius
Which muscle extends and laterally flexes the neck?
Triceps brachii
Which muscle extends the elbow?
Triceps brahii (肱三头肌)
Which muscle extends the elbow?
Extensor digitorum
Which muscle extends the wrist and fingers?
Pectoralis Major
Which muscle flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus?
Diaphragm
Which muscle forms a dome between the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Orblcularis oculi
Which muscle is a sphincter of the eyelid that encircles and closes the eye?
"Trapezius "
Which muscle is classified as both a neck extensor and a posterior shoulder muscle?
Extensor digitorum longus
Which muscle is found in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
Buccinator
Which muscle is indicated in the figure?
Flexor carpi radialis
Which muscle is indicated in the figure?
flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscle is indicated in the figure?
Adductor longus
Which muscle is indicated in the picture?
External abdominal oblique
Which muscle is indicated in the picture?
Rectus femoris
Which muscle is indicated in the picture?
Tensor fasciae latae
Which muscle is indicated in the picture?
Teres minor
Which muscle is indicated in the picture?
temporalis
Which muscle is indicated in the picture?
Psoas major
Which muscle is indicated in the picture？
Supinator
Which muscle is indicated in the picture？
Orbicularis (眼眶肌)
Which muscle is indicated in this picture?
Pactoralis major (胸大肌)
Which muscle is indicated in this picture?
Biceps femoris
Which muscle is indicated?
biceps femoris (股二头肌)
Which muscle is indicated?
pectoralis minor
Which muscle is indicated?
B
Which muscle is the internal intercostal?
Triceps brachii
Which muscle is the prime mover of elbow extension?
Brachialis;
Which muscle is the prime mover of elbow flexion?
Diaphragm
Which muscle is the prime mover of inspiration?
Supraspinatus
Which muscle lies within the suprascapular fossa?
soleus
Which muscle plantar flexes the foot?
Transversus abdominis
Which muscle works to compress abdominal contents and to maintain posture, but does NOT contribute to movement of the vertebral column?
Pectoralis minor
Which muscle works together with the scapula laterally and forward around the chest wall?
"Mentalis; Platysma; Buccinator"
Which muscles are located in the mental and buccal regions of the head?
"platysma; Bucclnator; Mentalis"
Which muscles are located in the mental and buccal regions of the head?
"Flexor carpi ulnaris Fexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum "
Which muscles are located in the superficial anterior compartment of the arm?
"Trapezius Splenius muscles Semispinalis muscles"
Which muscles are neck extensors?
phrenic(膈)
Which nerve provides innervation for the diaphragm?
Agonist
Which term is another word for prime mover?
Aponeurosis
Which term refers to a broad, sheet-like tendon?
Antagonist
Which term refers to a muscle that opposes the prime mover?
Agonist
Which term refers to a muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action?
Fascicles
Which term refers to bundles of muscle fibers, wrapped in connective tissue, within a muscle?
Pectoralis minor
Which triangular muscle, located in the upper part of the chest, arises by three heads from ribs 3 to 5 and converges on the shoulder?
Knee flexors
Posterior compartment
lateral head
Posterior surface of proximal end of humerus
Unipennate
"All fascicles approach tendon from one side of the muscle "
patellar ligament
"All four heads of the quadriceps femoris converge on the quadriceps tendon, which extends to the patella, then continues as the _____ and inserts on the tibial tuberosity. "
Compartments
"Fasciae separate muscles into functional groups. Which term refers to these enclosed groups of muscles? "
"1. Super ior pharyngeal constrictor 2. Middle pharyngeal constrictor 3. inferior pharyngeal constrictor "
"Place the three pharyngeal constrictors in order according to the sequence in which they contract during swallowing. "
The pit at the back of the knee
"The ""hamstring muscles"" get their name from the ""ham,"" more accurately known as the popliteal fossa. Based on where the hamstrings are located, what is the popliteal fossa? "
two
"The biceps brachii has ____ heads. Your answer should be a number. "
Synergist
"The biceps brachii helps the brachialis flex the elbow. Which term best describes the role of the biceps brachii during elbow flexion? "
perimysium
"The connective tissue layer that wraps fascicles is called the ____"
"A. Adduct the arm B. Flex the arm E. Medially rotate the arm"
"The pectoralis major acts on the humerus to do which of the following? "
"1. Flex the arm 2. Abducts arm 3. Medially rotate the arm "
"The pectoralis major acts on the humerus to do which of the following? Choose three of the answers below. "
Extends and laterally flexes neck (延伸并横向弯曲颈部)
"what are the actions of the trapezius? "
" parallel "
A muscle of uniform width with fascicles aligned along its longitudinal axis would be classified as a____ muscle.
fixator
A muscle that holds a bone steady during an action is called a ____
"1. Modify the direction of the movement produced by the prime mover 2.Contract together with the prime mover to produce more power 3. Stabilize a Joint to restrict undesirable movements of a bone "
A muscle that is acting as a synergist during a joint action may do which of the following?
triangular
A muscle that is broad at one end and narrower at the other is classified as a ___ muscle.
pennate
A muscle with its fasciculi arranged like barbs of a feather is called a ___ muscle.
Vastus intermedius
Anterior and lateral shaft of femur
Knee extensors
Anterior compartment
Rectus femoris
Anterior inferior iliac spine; margin of acetabulum
"Sternocleidomastoid Aponeurosis"
Bilateral contraction of which muscle causes the head to be moved straight forward and down?
tendons
Connective tissue structures that attach bone to muscle are called ____
tendons.
Connective tissue structures that attach bone to muscle are called__
Contralateral
Contraction of the left sternocleidomastoid tilts the head toward the right. What type of movement is this?
Palmar aponeurosis
Contraction of the palmarls longus tenses which of the following?
ipsilateral
Contraction of the right scalene muscles tilts the head toward the right shoulder. What type of movement is this?
Dorsiflexes foot
Extends great toe & What are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus?
Bipennate
Fascicles insert on the tendon from both sides
Vastus lateralis
Femur: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
Vastus medialis
Femur: intertrochanteric line, spiral line, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Posterior gluteal line of ilium Coccyx Sacrum
Identify the proximal attachment of the identified muscle.
Long head
Inferior margin of glenoid cavity and joint capsule
Anterior compartment
Knee extensors
Posterior compartment
Knee flexors
Nerve, spinal cord, and brain stem injuries
Knowing the innervation to each muscle enables clinicians to diagnose which of the following?
A: Pectineus B: Addcutor brevis C: Adductor longus D: Adductor magnus E: Gracilis
Label the name for indicated parts.
anterior
Muscles that dorsiflex the foot are found in which compartment of the leg?
circular
Muscles that form rings around body openings are described by shape as being ____ muscles.
"Lacrimal bone; medial angle of eyelid; Eyelids; skin around margin of orbit"
Name the attachments of the orbicularis oculi.
"1. Vastus intermedius 2. Rectus femoris 3. Vastus lateralis 4. Vastus medialis "
Name the heads of the quadriceps femoris.(the muscles that insert on the tibial tuberosity)
"1. Vastus intermedius 2. Rectus femoris 3. Vastus lateralis 4. Vastus medialis "
Name the muscles that insert on the tibial tuberosity.
Extend
Notice the origin and insertion of the muscle. Its action will be to ___ the knee.
Superior pharyngeal constrictor (咽上狭窄) Middle pharyngeal constrictor (咽中部狭窄) Inferior pharyngeal constrictor(咽下缩窄)
Place the three pharyngeal contrictors in order according to the sequence in which they contract during swallowing? Middle pharyngeal constrictor Superior pharyngeal constrictor Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
perimysium
Stretch receptors called muscle spindles are located within which connective tissue layer?
internal
The ___ abdominal oblique muscle compresses abdominal contents and, when only one side contracts (unilateral contraction), it causes ipsilateral rotation of the waist.
vastus intermedius
The ____ is the muscle located deep to the rectus femoris.
diaphragm
The ____ muscle is innervated by the phrenic nerves.
levator palpebrae superioris
The ____ muscle is located deep to the orbicularis oculi in the orbit and the eyelid, and acts to open the eye.
levator palpebrae
The ___superioris muscle is located deep to the orbicularis oculi in the orbit and the eyelid, and acts to open the eye.
extend
The action for the indicated muscle is to ___ the knee
"1. Vastus intermedius 2. Rectus femoris 3. Vastus lateralis 4. Vastus medialis 5. Sartorius "
The anterior compartment of the thigh contains which of the following muscles?
frontalis
The anterior muscle of the occipitofrontalis is the ______
frontalis
The anterior muscle of the occipitofrontalls is the ____
"Brachioradialis Pronator teres Supinator "
The bellies of which muscles are located in the antebrachium (forearm)? Choose three muscles from the list below.
"Brachialis; Triceps brachii; Biceps brachii "
The bellies of which muscles are located in the brachium (upper arm)? Choose three muscles from the list below.
flexes
The biceps brachii ____ the elbow. (Use an action word to complete the sentence.)
two
The biceps brachii has ___ heads.
endomysium
The loose connective tissue layer that surrounds individual muscle cells is called the ____
Flexion of the elbow
The brachioradialis muscle does which of the following actions?
carpal bones
The carpal tunnel is the space between the flexor retinaculum and which of the following?
epimysium
The connective tissue layer that covers the entire muscle is called the ___
epimysium
The connective tissue layers that covers the entire muscle is called ____
"1. Flexes arm 2. Medially rotates arm 3. Abducts arm 4. Laterally rotates arm"
The deltoid muscle has multiple actions. Indicate four of its actions from the list below.
B. Abducts arm C. Flexes arm F. Medially rotates arm G. Laterally rotate arm
The deltoid muscle has multiple actions. Indicate four of its actions from the list below. A. Retracts arm B. Abducts arm C. Flexes arm D. Adducts arm E. Elevates shoulder F. Medially rotates arm G. Laterally rotate arm
calcaneus
The distal attachment of soleus muscle is ____
Femur
The indicated muscle attaches on which bone?
infraspinatus
The indicated muscle is the ___ muscle
semimembranosus
The indicated muscle is the ___ muscle
Gracillis
The indicated muscle is the ____
vastus medialis
The indicated muscle is the ____
deltoid (三角肌)
The indicated muscle is the ____ muscle
latissimus dorsi (背阔肌)
The indicated muscle is the ____ muscle
gluteus minimus
The indicated muscle is the _____
biceps brachii (肱二头肌)
The indicated muscle is the _______
adduct
The indicated muscle's primary action is to ___ and medially rotate the thigh.
zygomaticus
The indicated pair o muscle are the ____ major and minor
pectoralis
The lateral attachment of the ___ major is the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.
"Extends shoulder Adducts humerus Medially rotates humerus "
The latissimus dorsi has several actions.
"Retracts scapula Laterally flexes neck Elevates scapula"
The levator scapulae has multiple actions.
coracoid
The proximal skeletal attachment of the short head of the biceps brachii is the ___ process of the scapula.
Anterior abdominal wall
The rectus abdominis, transverse abdominal, and abdominal oblique muscles are are all located in which part of the body?
subscapularis,
The rotator cuff muscle that is located on the anterior surface of the scapula is the ___
tendons
The structures indicated by the arrows are examples of which of the following?
Palmaris longus
The tendon of which muscle goes over the flexor retinaculum, whereas the other tendons pass under it through the carpal tunnel?
subscapularis,
The tendon of which muscle helps form the rotator cuff?
Wrist and finger flexors
The tendons of which group of muscles pass through the carpal tunnel?
Extends knee & Abducts femur
The tensor fasciae latae has several actions.
Medial
The tibialis anterior inserts on which aspect of the foot?
"Spinous process of C7-T12; Occipital protuberance; Nuchal ligament "
The trapezius has multiple skeletal attachments.
Etensors of the neck
The trapezius, splenius muscles, and semispinalis muscles are classified as which of the following?
Elevation of the eyebrows
The two parts of the occipitofrontalis, the frontalis and the occipitalis, act together to perform which action?
Medial compartment
Thigh adductors
Hamstring muscles
Together the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus are commonly known by which name?
iliopsoas
Together the lliacus and the psoas major are called the____(one word) and share a common tendon to the femur.
FALSE
True or false: The hamstrings are the major extensors of the knee.
Upper chest
Where is the pectoralis major located?
Medial excursion(内侧偏移) Retraction(缩回) Elevation(提高) Lateral excursion(横向偏移)
Which actions does the muscle indicated in the figure?
"Elevates eyebrows Draws scalp forward Wrinkles skin of forehead "
Which are actions of the frontalis?
"Fixes galea aponeurotica; Retracts scalp "
Which are actions of the occipitalis?
Fixes galea aponeurontica Retracts scalp
Which are actions of the occipitalis?
"Diaphragm Internal intercostals External intercostals "
Which are classified as respiratory muscles?
"1. Movement 2. Joint stability 3. Heat production "
Which are functions of skeletal muscle?
"Provides the extracellular chemical environment for each muscle fiber; Creates room for capillaries and nerve fibers to reach every muscle fiber; Separates individual muscle fibers "
Which are functions of the endomysium?
fusiform
muscle that is thick in the middle and tapered at each end is classified as ____ muscle.
Medial head
posterior surface of entire humeral shaft
perimysium
projections extending from the inner surface of the epimysium form which of the following?
Extends and laterally flexes neck (延伸并横向弯曲颈部)
what are the actions of the trapezius?
Olecranon
what is the distal attachment of all three heads of the triceps brachii?
Platysma
which is a thin superficial muscle of the upper chest and lower face
Masseter
which muscle elevates the mandible?
Teres major
which muscle extends and medially rotates the humerus?
Palrnaris longus
which muscle is located in the superficial anterior (flexor) compartment of the arm?
