Med Term Chpt 11
cath
catheter, catheterization
hypo-
deficient, abnormally low, or below (prefix)
blast/o
developing cell
poly-
excessive, over, or many (prefix)
olig/o
few in number
blast/o
germ or bud
HD
hemodialysis
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
ket/o
ketone
keton/o
ketone
nephr/o
kidney
ren/o
kidney
nephro/o
kindey
glomerul/o
little ball, glomerulus
sten/o
narrow
meat/o
opening
meat/o
opening, passage
peritone/o
peritoneum
albumin/o
protein
py/o
pus
pyel/o
renal pelvis
RP
retrograde pyelogram
spadias/o
rip or tear
son/o
sound
SG
specific gravity
-stomy
surgical creation of an opening
-tripsy
surgical crushing
-pexy
surgical fixation
gluc/o
sweet, sugar
glyc/o
sweet, sugar
glycos/o
sweet, sugar
dia-
through (prefix)
epi-
upon, over, above, or on top (prefix)
azot/o
urea or nitrogen
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
UA
urinalysis
UTI
urinary tract infection
ur/o
urine
urin/o
urine
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
en-
within, upon, on, or over (prefix)
an-
without or absence of (prefix)
polyuria
Chronic excessive urination is a common sign of an endocrine disease, usually diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus
blood urea nitrogen
Clinical lab test that measures urea concentration in a sample of blood as an indicator of kidney function. Abbreviated BUN.
urinalysis
Combination of clinical lab tests that are performed on a urine specimen.
urinary tract infection
Commonly called a UTI, this is an infection of urinary organs, usually the urethra and urinary bladder. Symptoms include fever, dysuria, and lumbar or abdominal pain. Usually caused by staphylococci or E. coli bacteria.
nephroptosis
Condition of a downward displacement or drooping of a kidney. Also called floating kidney.
uremia
Condition of excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes are present in the blood. Caused by kidney failure.
dysuria
Difficulty or pain experienced during urination.
renography
Examination that uses nuclear medicine by IV injection of radioactive material into the patient's kidneys.
diruesis
Excessive discharge of urine is a sign of the endocrine disorders known as diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus. Diruesis literally means urination through.
nephroma
General term for a tumor arising from kidney tissue.
ureterocele
Herniated ureter.
incontinence
Inability to control urination.
ureterotomy
Incision into the wall of the ureter.
ureteritis
Inflammation of a ureter. Caused by a bacterial infection.
nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney. Usual cause is bacterial infection, and if left untreated it can lead to the more serious condition of glomerulonephritis.
pyelitis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis. Usually caused by a bacterial infection.
pyelonephritis
Inflammatory condition of the renal pelvis and nephrons.
stress incontinence
Involuntary discharge of urine occurs during a cough, sneeze, or strained movement.
enuresis
Involuntary release of urine, which usually occurs due to a lack of bladder control among children or the elderly.
polycystic
Kidney condition characterized by the presence of numerous cysts occupying much of the kidney tissue. The cysts replace normal tissue, resulting in a loss of kidney function.
specific gravity
Measurement of the density of substances in a liquid compared to water. (SG)
urology
Medical field specializing in disorders of the urinary system.
nephrology
Medical field that studies and treats disorders associated with the kidneys.
proteinuria
Presence of any protein in the urine.
ureterolithiasis
Presence of one or more stones, or calculi, within a ureter.
pyuria
Presence of pus in the urine.
urinary endoscopy
Procedural use of an endoscope to observe internal structures of the urinary system.
urethrotomy
Procedure includes an incision into the wall of the urethra.
retrograde pyelogram
Procedure involves injection of contrast medium into the ureter using a cytoscope. Abbreviagted RP.
nephroscopy
Procedure of visually examination of kidney nephrons during which a modified fiber-optic endoscope called a nephroscope is used.
peritoneal dialysis
Procedure which processes fluids and electrolytes by artificial filtration as a cleansing treatment to compensate for kidney failure.
urinary catheterization
Process of inserting a urinary catheter.
oliguria
Reduced urine becomes a clinical problem when the bolume of urine declines to less than 500mL within a 24 hour period. It is known as oliguria and is a possible sign of kidney disorder.
renal transplant
Replacement of a dysfunctioning kidney with a donor kidney.
vesicourethral
Surgery that is performed to stabilized the position of the urinary bladder.
ureterostomy
Surgical creation of an external opening from the ureter to the body surface.
urethrostomy
Surgical creation of an opening through the urethra.
nephropexy
Surgical fixation of a kidney is sometimes necessary if the kidney is abnormally loose within the abdominal cavity, such as in the condition nephroptosis or floating kidney. The procedure is called nephropexy.
urethropexy
Surgical fixation of the urethra. Often used to correct stress incontinence.
nephrectomy
Surgical procedure that removes a kidney.
ureterectomy
Surgical removal of a ureter.
cystectomy
Surgical removal of the urinary bladder.
pyeloplasty
Surgical repair of the renal pelvis.
urethroplasty
Surgical repair of the urethra.
cystoplasty
Surgical repair of the urinary bladder.
cystorrhaphy
Suturing the bladder wall.
Urinary
The Urinary system functions as a sanitation engineer of the body, maintaining the purity and health of the body's fluids by removing unwanted waste materials and recycling other materials.
hypospadias
The change in location of the urinary meatus is ventral. In males, it opens on the underside of the penis, and in females the meatus is within the vagina.
hydronephrosis
The condition in which the exit of urine out of the kidneys becomes blocked by an obstruction in a ureter, the urine will back up to cause distension of the renal pelvis.
nocturia
The need to urinate frequently at night is a possible symptom of diabetes mellitus or benign prostate hyperplasia which is called nocturia.
nephrolithiasis
The presence of one or more stones, or calculi, within a kidney. Renal calculi is an alternate term.
creatinine
The protein creatinine is a normal component of urine and is a byproduct of muscle metabolism. It may be measured in a urine sample.
azotemia
The sign of abnormally high levels of urea and other nitrogen containing compounds in the blood.
cystostomy
The surgical creation of an artificial opening into the urinary bladder.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Ultrasonic energy from a source outside the body is used on stones that are too large to pass through the urethra.
nephrogram
Xray image of the kidney.
anuresis
"Without urination." The inability to pass urine is a sign of a blockage of the urinary tract or kidney failure.
anuria
"Without urine" Anuria is the production of less than 100mL of urine per day.
strictures
A condition of abnormal narrowing.
epispadias
A congenital defect resulting in the abnormal positioning of the urinary meatus.
nephrotomogram
A diagnostic procedure that images the kidney with sectional xrays to observe internal details of kidney structure.
catheter
A flexible tube that is inserted into an opening of the body to transport fluids in or out.
nephrologist
A physician specializing in the study of kidneys.
cystolithotomy
A procedure in which an incision is made through the urinary bladder wall to remove a stone.
hemodialysis
A procedure that pushes a patient's blood through permeable membranes within an instrument. It is performed to artificially remove nitrogenous wastes and excess ions that accumulate during normal body metabolism, temporarily replacing the function of kidney filtration for patients with kidney disease or kidney failure.
nephrostomy
A procedure that surgically creates an opening through the body wall and into a kidney.
cystoscopy
A procedure using a modified endoscope to view the interior of the urinary bladder.
cystolith
A stone or calculus in the urinary bladder
pyelolithotomy
A surgery performed to remove the stone from the renal pelvis involves an incision into the kidney.
nephrolysis
A surgical procedure during which abnormal adhesions are removed from a kidney, loosening the organ.
fulguration
A surgical procedure that destroys living tissue with an electric current.
lithotripsy
A surgical technique that applies concentrated sound waves to pulverize or dissolve stones into smaller pieces that may then pass with urine through the urethra.
nephroblastoma
A tumor originating from kidney tissue that includes developing embyonic cells. It is also called Wilm's Tumor after the 19th century German physician who published the first description of the diease.
urine
A watery waste. Urine is formed by three processes occurring in the kidneys: filtration of the blood to produce a filtrate, reabsorption of excess water in the filtrate to return it to the bloodstream, and secretion of excess ions as waste into the filtrate.
urinary retention
Abnormal accumulation of urine within the urinary bladder.
bacteriuria
Abnormal presence of bacteria in the urine which is a sign of a urinary tract infection.
hematuria
Abnormal presence of blood in the urine is a sign of urinary disease. Pertaining to bloody urine.
glycosuria
Abnormal presence of glucose in the urine is a sign of an endocrine disease, such as diabetes mellitus, or a kidney disorder, or perhaps both.
ketonuria
Abnormal presence of ketone bodies in the urine.
urinary suspension
Acute stoppage of urine formation by the kidneys. Result from acute renal failure in which kidney function ceases.
albuminuria
Albuminuria is the condition where albumin is found in the urine. It is typically found in the blood.
nephromegaly
An abnormal enlargement of one or both kidneys.
cystotomy
An incision through the urinary bladder wall.
urinometer
An instrument that measures the specific gravity in a sample of urine.
nephrosonography
An ultrasound procedure that provides an image of a kidney for diagnostic analysis.
nephrography
An xray image of a kidney after injection of a contrast medium or dye.
cystogram
An xray image of the urinary bladder.
pyelogram
An xray of the renal pelvis.
cystography
An xray procedure producing an image of the urinary bladder with injection of a contrast medium or dye.
glomerulonephritis
Any disease of the glomeruli.
bacter/o
bacteria
dys-
bad, abnormal, painful or difficult (prefix)
glomerul/o
ball or glomerulus
cyst/o
bladder
vesic/o
bladder
BUN
blood urea nitrogen