med term module 10
palsy
Fr. contraction of the word "paralysie" paralysis. Bell's palsy is paresis or paralysis of the facial muscles (usually unilateral)
esthesia
Gr. aisthesis = sensation, perception feeling, sensation. Paresthesia is an abnormal feeling (in the extremities for example) of burning, pricking, tingling.
asthenia
Gr. asthenes= weak, derived froma- = without + sthenos = strength weakness, debility.Neurastheniais weakness and fatigue brought on by psychological factors.Myasthenia is muscular weakness.
gnos
Gr. gnosis = knowledge agnosia is the impairment of the ability to comprehend auditory, visual or other sensory stimuli, not traceable to defects in the primary sensory receptors or in the general intellect, but caused by lesions in the cerebrum.
kinesi
Gr. kinesis = movement, motion movement, motion. Akinesia/akinesis refers to the complete or partial loss of muscle movement
lal
Gr. lalein = to talk, chatter echolalia refers to the involuntary, parrot like repetition of words or sentences just spoken by another individual, usually seen in catatonic schizophrenia. Also termed echo speech, or echophrasia.
lex
Gr. lexis = diction, speech, word, phrase dyslexia is a term usually applied to impaired reading ability with reduced comprehension.
meningitis
Gr. meninx = membrane + itis = inflammation of inflammation of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord
meningocele
Gr. meninx = membrane + kele = hernia protrusion of the meninges of the brain or spinal cord through a (congenital) defect in the skull or spinal column
neurofibroma
Gr. neuron = nerve + Lat. fibra = fiber + -oma = a tumor a benign encapsulated tumor caused by Schwann cell proliferation in a confused array that includes nerve fibers
nystagm
Gr. nystagmos = drowsiness, derived from nystazein = to take a nap Nystagmus refers to the condition characterized by the constant recurring involuntary twitching of the eye.
paresis
Gr. paresis = paralysis, loss of strength paralysis. Hemiparesis refers to a form of paralysis affecting only one side of the body (syn. hemiplegia)
phasia
Gr. phasis = speech aphasia is the inability to understand speech or to express oneself through speech (from the Gr. a- = without + phasis (speech). dysphasia is the impairment of speech or comprehensible speech due to an acquired brain lesion.
plegia
Gr. plege = stroke stroke. Paraplegia is a paralysis of both lower extremities and also the trunk in some cases
poliomyelitis
Gr. polios = gray + muelos = marrow + -itis = disease, inflammation an acute inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord often leading to paralysis.
syncope
Gr. synkope = a cutting short loss of consciousness caused by a reduction in cerebral blood flow.
tax
Gr. taxis = order, arrangement coordination. Ataxia refers to the lack of coordination of voluntary muscular movement.
tomography
Gr. tomos = a cutting + graphe = writing the making of a radiographic image of a selected plane.
ton/o
Gr. tonos = tone (musical),elasticity, firmness (of muscle), derived from teinein = to stretch tone, tension, pressure. Dystonia refers to abnormal tonicity (especially in muscle tissue) that impairs voluntary movement
tractotomy
Lat. tractus = a drawing out, an extension + Gr. tome = a cut, cutting the cutting of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal column
vagotomy
Lat. vagus = ranging, wandering + Gr. tome = cut a cutting of (branches of) the vagus nerve, usually performed to reduce gastric acid secretion.
vertig
Lat. vertigo = a turning around Vertigo is the sensation of spinning or whirling around in space that results in loss of equilibrium.
parkinson's disease
Named after the physician, James Parkinson (1755-1824) a neurologic syndrome caused by a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
seizure
O. Fr. seiser = to grasp an epileptic attack (usually).
Using your knowledge of medical terminology, which part of the term "akinesia" means "loss?"
a
sulcus
a furrow made by a plow
pituita
a mucous secretion, phlegm
Using your knowledge of medical terminology, what is the best definition for the term "neuroastrocytoma?"
a tumor of the central nervous system composed of neurons and glial cells
Before assimilation, the prefix of the term "afferent" is
ad
Which of the following statements about afferent neurons is true?
afferent neurons carry impulses from the sensory organs to the central nervous system
amygdale
almond
Which of the following is not a functional area of the brain?
arachnoid mater
Which of the following is not one of the meninges?
astrocyte mater
axon
axel, axis
venter
belly
The mesencephalon is located ______ the diencephalon
below
corpus
body
enkephalos
brain
pons
bridge
parts of the nervous system
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system
The ______ is the seat of our conscious mind
cerebral cortex
gives protection and buoyancy to the central nervous system?
cerebrospinal fluid
gyros
circle
combining form of dendron
dendr/o
Using your knowledge of medical terminology, what is the best word division for the term "dendrophagocytosis?"
dendr/o/phag/o/cyt/osis
Which of the following statements about dendrites is the most accurate?
dendrites carry impulses to the cell body
Which of the following terms means "impairment of speech due to a brain lesion?"
dysphasia
Which part of the term "hypercholesterolemia" means "blood?"
emia
Which of the following is a feature of myelinated axons?
enhanced transmission speed
The peripheral nervous system refers to the brain and the spinal cord, and serves as the integrative control center
false
The rhombencephalon is also called the medulla.
false
The subarachnoid spaces are three connective tissues that enclose and provide protection for the delicate structures of the central nervous system
false
The two hemipsheres of the cerebral cortex are connected by the corpus parietalis
false
Which part of the term "efferent" means "to carry?"
fer
limbus
fringe, hem, border (around the edge of a robe)
ex
from
four lobes of cerebral cortex
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
The ______ outnumber nuerons by a factor of 10 to 1.
glial cells
gloia
glue
The term "hypertension" means ______ than normal blood pressure.
higher
Which of the nervous system functions include processing impulses from the sensory receptors?
integration
ventriculus
little belly
cerebellum
little brain
medulla
marrow
myelos
marrow
meninx
membrane
Based on your understanding of medical terminology, which part of the term "mesencephalon" means "mid?"
mes
The term "gray matter" applies to those areas of that have
mostly nonmyelinated nerve fibers
mater
mother, covering, protecting
The term "medullated" is another word for the term
myelinated
neuron
nerve
Neurons are able to transmit information in the form of electorchemical changes, which are also called
nerve impulses
combining form of neuron
neur/o
Using your knowledge of medical terminology, what is the best word division for the term "neuroastrocytoma?"
neur/o/astrocyt/oma
oblongota
oblong
parietalis
of or belonging to a wall
The term "parietal" is derived from the Latin word "parietalis," which means
of or relating to a wall
pinea
pine cone
Which of the following is not a glial cell?
pineal cells
Melatonin is secreted from the
pineal gland
The ______ hangs from the hypothalamus on a stalk
pituitary gland
thalamos
room, inner chamber
hippokampos
sea-horse
three primary functions of the nervous system
sensory input, integration, motor output
Which of the following is not part of the structure of a neuron?
subcutis
occipitium
the back part of the head
tempus
the temple
dia
through
ferre
to carry
The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek verb "synaptein," which means
to join together
synaptein
to join together
ptuo
to spit
ad
to/towards
callosum
tough, hard
dendron
tree
The diencephalon includes the thalamos, the hypothalamus and the epithalamus.
true
The parietal lobe was named after the (wall-like) parietal bone on either side of the skull
true
glioma
tumor arising in the glial cells
paries
wall
Which area of the brain is involved with the function of understanding speech?
wernicke's area