Medic Practice Test Ch24
According to the palmar method for estimating the extent of a patient's burns, the palm of the patient's hand is equal to ___% of the body surface area. A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 6
1
A 21-year-old male was working in an auto repair shop and sustained radiator burns to the anterior aspect of both arms and to his anterior chest. According to the rule of nines, this patient has burns that cover ____ of his body surface area. A. 18% B. 27% C. 36% D. 45%
18%
A 4-year-old female pulled a pot of boiling water from the stove. She has superficial and partial-thickness burns to her head and anterior trunk. What percentage of her body surface area has been burned? A. 9% B. 18% C. 27% D. 36%
36%
In which of the following patients should you remove an impaled object? A. A semiconscious patient with an ice pick impaled in the chest. B. An apneic patient with a shard of glass impaled in the abdomen. C. A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back. D. A conscious and alert patient with a fishhook impaled in the eye.
A pulseless and apneic patient with a knife impaled in the back.
Which of the following open soft tissue injuries is limited to the superficial layer of the skin and results in the least amount of blood loss? A. Avulsion B. Abrasion C. Incision D. Laceration
Abrasion
Which of the following is considered to be a critical burn? A. Circumferential partial-thickness burns to the chest B. Full-thickness burns to 5% of the body surface area C. Partial-thickness burns to 20% of the body surface area D. Superficial burns covering 50% of the body surface area
Circumferential partial-thickness burns to the chest
Which of the following areas of the body has the thinnest skin? A. Scalp B. Back C. Ears D. Soles of the feet
Ears
Which of the following statements regarding electrical burns is MOST correct? A. Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage. B. Respiratory or cardiac arrest following an electrical burn is very uncommon. C. The exit wound caused by electrical burns is smaller than the entrance wound. D. The size of the entry and exit wounds is a reliable indicator of internal damage.
Entrance wounds are small relative to the amount of internal tissue damage.
What layer of the skin forms a watertight, protective seal for the body? A. Dermis B. Epidermis C. Muscular layer D. Subcutaneous layer
Epidermis
Which of the following statements regarding penetrating injuries is MOST correct? A. External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive. B. The degree of internal injury can often be estimated by the external injury. C. It is important to distinguish between entrance and exit wounds in the field. D. The depth of a penetrating injury should be thoroughly assessed by the EMT.
External bleeding may be minimal but internal injuries can be extensive.
A 50-year-old male with a history of diabetes sustained partial-thickness burns to approximately 15% of his body surface area (BSA) while attempting to light a barbeque pit. He is conscious and alert and in no respiratory distress. What factor makes this patient's burn a critical burn? A. His age B. His history of diabetes C. The extent of his burns D. The mechanism of injury
His history of diabetes
Which of the following is considered a critical burn in a 60-year-old patient? A. Superficial burns to 30% of the body surface area B. Full-thickness burns to 1% of the body surface area C. Partial-thickness burns to 20% of the body surface area D. Second-degree burns covering 10% of the body surface area
Partial-thickness burns to 20% of the body surface area
Which of the following statements regarding severe burns is MOST correct? A. Severe burns involving the airway have a 100% mortality rate. B. The majority of severe burns involve full-thickness burns only. C. Patients with severe burns are especially prone to hyperthermia. D. Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn.
Severe burns are typically a combination of all degrees of burn.
During an altercation in a bar, two patrons got into a fist fight. The first patient, a 44-year-old female, was struck in the mouth and refuses EMS care. The second patient, a 39-year-old female, has a small laceration to her left knuckle and also refuses EMS care. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct? A. You should contact the police and have them arrested. B. The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection. C. The patient struck in the mouth should be immobilized. D. The 44-year-old female is at high risk for an infection
The 39-year-old female is at high risk for an infection.
Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is MOST correct? A. A child's head is equal to 14% of his or her total body surface area. B. The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area. C. The posterior of a child's leg is equal to 13.5% of the body surface area. D. The anterior arm in the adult is equal to 9% of the total body surface area.
The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the body surface area.
Which of the following statements regarding the dermis is MOST correct? A. The dermis produces a substance that provides color to the skin. B. The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings. C. The cells of the dermis are worn away and are constantly replaced. D. The germinal layer lies below the dermis and provides protection
The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings.
In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause damage: A. an insulator must exist between the electrical source and the patient. B. a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground. C. the part of the body that is in contact with the electrical source must be dry. D. the person must make direct physical contact with the source of electricity.
a complete circuit must exist between the electrical source and the ground.
A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a line drive during a baseball game. He is confused, has a large hematoma to the center of his forehead, and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should: A. perform a neurologic exam. B. conduct a rapid assessment. C. administer 100% oxygen. D. apply ice to the hematoma.
administer 100% oxygen
During your assessment of a 22-year-old male who was assaulted, you note widespread contusions and abrasions to his face, chest, and abdomen. His pulse is rapid and weak and his skin is cool and clammy. You should: A. perform a focused physical exam of his abdomen. B. administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport. C. place him in a sitting position and give him oxygen. D. conclude that he is experiencing intracranial bleeding.
administer oxygen and prepare for rapid transport.
In addition to severe bleeding, the MOST life-threatening complication associated with an open neck injury is: A. an air embolism. B. a spinal fracture. C. an ischemic stroke. D. nerve fiber damage.
an air embolism.
A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation with a gang member. As your partner is applying 100% oxygen, you perform a rapid trauma assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should: A. place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure. B. control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once. C. apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment. D. repeat the initial assessment and direct your partner to assist ventilations
apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.
You are assessing a 30-year-old male with an amputation just above the left wrist. He is conscious and alert and has a patent airway. Dark red blood is freely flowing from the injury. You should: A. administer supplemental oxygen. B. perform a rapid trauma assessment. C. attempt to locate the amputated part. D. apply direct pressure to the injury site.
apply direct pressure to the injury site.
You have applied a dressing and roller-gauze bandage to the arm of a young female after she lacerated it when she fell from her bike. During transport, she begins to complain of numbness and tingling in her hand. You should: A. remove the bandage and dressing and apply another one. B. carefully manipulate her arm until the symptoms subside. C. assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed. D. remove the gauze bandage and replace it with an elastic one.
assess distal circulation and readjust the bandage as needed.
When treating a partial-thickness burn, you should: A. immerse the affected part in warm water. B. rupture any blisters to prevent an infection. C. cover the burn with a moist, sterile dressing. D. avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.
avoid the use of creams, lotions, or antiseptics.
When caring for a patient whose arm is covered with a dry chemical, you should: A. deactivate the chemical with a 5% vinegar solution. B. quickly irrigate the arm with large amounts of water. C. use forceful streams of water to remove the chemical. D. brush away the chemical before flushing with water
brush away the chemical before flushing with water
You are dispatched to an industrial plant for a 47-year-old male who was exposed to an unknown chemical. Upon arrival, you find the patient standing outside the plant. He is conscious and alert and is covered with dry lime-colored powder. After taking the appropriate self-protective measures, you should: A. irrigate his body with copious amounts of water. B. remove his clothing and flush his body with water. C. brush the dry chemical from his skin and clothing. D. apply oxygen and then flush his body with water
brush the dry chemical from his skin and clothing
In contrast to animal bites, the bite of a human: A. is usually less severe because the human mouth is cleaner. B. typically results in a minor infection that is slow-spreading. C. carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses. D. is associated with a much higher incidence of rabies infection
carries with it a wide variety of virulent bacteria and viruses.
Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. hoarseness. B. chest pressure. C. singed nasal hair. D. soot around the mouth.
chest pressure
The germinal layer of the epidermis contains melanin granules that are responsible for skin: A. color. B. texture. C. moisture. D. temperature.
color.
A 30-year-old male experienced a crushing injury when his arm was trapped between the back of a truck and a loading dock. Upon your arrival, the man's arm has been freed. Your assessment reveals that his arm is obviously deformed and swollen and is cold and pale. Further assessment reveals an absent radial pulse. You should be MOST concerned that this patient is experiencing: A. internal hemorrhage. B. compartment syndrome. C. a severe closed fracture. D. damage to the radial nerve.
compartment syndrome
A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should: A. control the bleeding, begin CPR, stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately. B. remove the steel rod, control the bleeding, apply an AED, begin CPR, and transport to a trauma center. C. stabilize the steel rod, control the bleeding, begin CPR, and rapidly transport to a trauma center. D. control the bleeding, carefully remove the steel rod, begin CPR, and transport as soon as possible.
control the bleeding, begin CPR, stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately
A closed soft-tissue injury characterized by swelling and ecchymosis is called a/an: A. abrasion. B. contusion. C. hematoma. D. crush injury.
contusion.
A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his airway and assessing him for other life-threatening injuries, you should care for his wound by: A. irrigating it with sterile water and then covering it with a dry dressing. B. covering it with moist, sterile dressings secured in place with bandages. C. covering the exposed bowel and keeping his legs in a straight position. D. carefully replacing the exposed bowel into the abdomen and transporting.
covering it with moist, sterile dressings secured in place with bandages.
Compartment syndrome would MOST likely develop following a: A. laceration. B. contusion. C. hematoma. D. crush injury.
crush injury.
Burns are MOST appropriately classified according to: A. depth and extent. B. location and pain. C. degree and location. D. extent and location.
depth and extent
A partial-thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the: A. epidermis. B. fatty layer. C. muscle fascia. D. dermal layer.
dermal layer
A burn that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a: A. third-degree burn. B. first-degree burn. C. second-degree burn D. partial-thickness burn
first-degree burn
Functions of dressings and bandages include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. immobilization of the injury. B. prevention of contamination. C. protection from further injury. D. control of external hemorrhage
immobilization of the injury
In addition to external bleeding, the MOST significant risk that an open soft tissue injury exposes a patient to is: A. infection. B. hypothermia. C. nerve damage. D. vessel damage.
infection.
A 38-year-old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off the power to the house. You should: A. initiate CPR and attach the AED. B. begin CPR and transport at once. C. assess for entry and exit wounds. D. fully immobilize his spinal column
initiate CPR and attach the AED
A laceration: A. is an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue. B. is a sharp, smooth cut that is made by a surgical scalpel. C. is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma. D. rarely penetrates through the subcutaneous tissue to the muscle.
is a jagged cut caused by a sharp object or blunt force trauma.
When caring for an amputated body part, the EMT-B should: A. pack it in ice to prevent tissue damage. B. keep it cool without allowing it to freeze. C. immerse it in a container of sterile water. D. prevent cell damage by keeping it warm
keep it cool without allowing it to freeze
When assessing the severity of a patient's burn(s), you should routinely consider all of the following factors, EXCEPT: A. the area(s) burned. B. the age of the patient. C. known drug allergies. D. past medical history.
known drug allergies
A hematoma develops when: A. small amounts of blood leak into the epidermis. B. large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged. C. severe swelling compromises arterial circulation. D. cells and small vessels in the dermis are damaged
large blood vessels beneath the skin are damaged
With regard to the pediatric rule of nines, the: A. head is proportionately smaller than an adult's. B. thorax is proportionately larger than an adult's. C. legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's. D. arms are proportionately larger than an adult's.
legs are proportionately smaller than an adult's.
All of the following body structures are lined with mucous membranes, EXCEPT for the: A. lips. B. nose. C. anus. D. mouth.
lips.
An abdominal evisceration: A. is most commonly the result of blunt force trauma. B. should be covered with bulky dry, sterile dressings. C. often causes severe hypothermia because of heat loss. D. occurs when organs protrude through an open wound
occurs when organs protrude through an open wound
Critical burns in an infant or child include: A. superficial burns that cover 30% to 40% of the body surface area. B. partial-thickness burns to more than 20% of the body surface area. C. full-thickness burns covering 5% to 10% of the body surface area. D. any burn that involves the arms, legs, or posterior aspect of the body
partial-thickness burns to more than 20% of the body surface area.
Burns to pediatric patients are generally considered more serious than burns to adults because: A. pediatric patients are more prone to hyperthermia. B. most burns in children are the result of child abuse. C. pediatric patients have a proportionately larger volume of blood. D. pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass.
pediatric patients have more surface area relative to total body mass.
When a person is exposed to a cold environment: A. sweat is produced and is warmed when the vessels constrict. B. blood vessels dilate and divert blood to the core of the body. C. the skin becomes flushed secondary to peripheral vasodilation. D. peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.
peripheral vessels constrict and divert blood away from the skin.
A utility worker was trimming branches and was electrocuted when he accidentally cut a high-power line. He fell approximately 20 feet and is lying unconscious on the ground; the power line is lying across his chest. You should: A. rapidly assess the patient after ensuring the power line is not live. B. apply insulated gloves and assume manual control of his c-spine. C. quickly but carefully move the patient away from the power line. D. manually stabilize his head as your partner assesses for breathing.
rapidly assess the patient after ensuring the power line is not live.
When assessing a patient with a closed soft tissue injury, it is MOST important to: A. manipulate the injury site for signs of a fracture. B. assess circulation distal to the site of the injury. C. remain alert for more severe underlying injuries. D. recognize that the integrity of the skin is broken.
remain alert for more severe underlying injuries
A 56-year-old male has an incomplete avulsion to his right forearm. After controlling any bleeding from the wound, you should: A. carefully probe the wound to determine if the bleeding is venous or arterial. B. carefully remove the avulsed flap and wrap it in a moist, sterile trauma dressing. C. replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing. D. thoroughly irrigate the wound with sterile water and cover it with a sterile dressing
replace the avulsed flap to its original position and cover it with a sterile dressing
An 8-year-old male was bitten by a stray dog. He has a large laceration to the dorsum of his left hand, which your partner covers with a sterile dressing and bandage. In addition to transporting the child to the hospital, you should: A. administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. B. ask the child's father to try to locate the dog. C. advise the child that he will need rabies shots. D. report the incident to the appropriate authorities
report the incident to the appropriate authorities
During your assessment of a patient who was shot in the abdomen, you notice a large entrance wound with multiple small puncture wounds surrounding it. This wound pattern is MOST consistent with a: A. handgun. B. shotgun. C. .22-caliber pistol. D. .357 magnum.
shotgun.
Patients with full-thickness (third-degree) burns generally do not complain of pain because: A. blister formation protects the burn. B. he or she is generally not conscious. C. the nerve endings have been destroyed. D. subcutaneous vessels are usually clotted
the nerve endings have been destroyed
You and your partner arrive at the scene of a house fire where fire fighters have rescued a 50-year-old male from his burning house. The patient has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his face and chest. His nasal hairs are singed and he is coughing up sooty sputum. You should be MOST concerned with: A. treating him for hypothermia. B. preventing the risk of infection. C. estimating the extent of his burns. D. the potential for airway swelling
the potential for airway swelling
Functions of the skin include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. maintenance of water balance. B. regulation of body temperature. C. the production of key antibodies. D. sending information to the brain
the production of key antibodies.
A teenage boy who was involved in a bicycle accident has a puncture wound in which the bicycle kickstand is impaled in his leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to: A. remove the kickstand in a circular motion and apply a dry, sterile dressing. B. cut the kickstand off just above the skin, and stabilize it with sterile dressings. C. leave the kickstand attached to the bike until the physician can remove it safely. D. unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.
unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings
The sebaceous glands produce sebum, a substance that: A. facilitates shedding of the epidermis. B. pulls the hair erect when you are cold. C. discharges sweat onto the skin's surface. D. waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.
waterproofs the skin and keeps it supple.
