Medieval Europe
moats
(a deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle),
What impact did the plague have on the population of Europe?
25% to 35% of the population died
What is a fief?
A grant of land.
Definition of Cathedral
A large and important church
Definition of Manor
A large piece of property owned by a lord/noble
Definition of Serf
A person in the Middle Ages who was bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
Definition of Knight
A person of noble birth trained to fight and uphold a code of honor
Definition of Feudalism
A political, social, and economic system in which less powerful people promise loyalty to more powerful people in return for protection and land
Definition of Crusades
A series of medieval military expeditions made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
WHere did nobles live
Feudal lords had large estates that included the lords home, surrounding fields, village, were peasants livved These estates were essential to the economy
How did early towns in Europe fit into the feudal system?
Feudal lords were incharge if them
What was feudalism
Feudalism- a political, social, and economic system in which less powerful people promise loyalt to more powerful people in return for protection and land Feudal lords had large estates that included the lords home, surrounding fields, village, were peasants livved These estates were essential to the economy
Why did the Roman Empire collapse?
Foreign invasions from Visigoths and internal conflict among leaders
Definition of Monarchy
Governing by a ruler who usually inherits authority and holds all power
Definition of Vikings
Group of people, also called Norsemen, who were Scandinavian seafaring traders, warriors and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas of Europe from the 9th to the 11th centuries
What was the ranking of the knights in this social hierarchy?
Higher than peasants, beneath the nobles.
The Crusades were a series of wars in which Muslims and Christians fought over:
Holy Land, Jerusalem
List the classes of feudal society in descending order? How did a knight attain land?
King- Lords- Knights- peasents/serfs they promised service for land.
What did nobles promise Kings in return for land grants?
Knights and money
Who controlled most people's lives?
Lords/ Nobles.
What did the noble have to provide to the king/monarch?
Loyalty, armed warriors, and other services.
How did Europe's geography contribute to the development of the manor system?
Manors were able to produce most of what people needed
. Feudalism was a result of:
No central government and a lack of protection
Feudalism who controls peaents and in what ways
Peasentry under control of lords Is peasants want to travel they need permission because danger Possibilit of danger ensured that peasentry stayed iin range
Definition of Clergy
People who perform the services of the Church, church officials
Who were the peasants?
Poor uneducated workers.
Who was the first pope to call for the Crusades?
Pope Urban II
Why did the serfs work the land?
Protection housing and their own land.
What happened after the decline of the roman empire
Roman empire is gone, trade declined, cities and roads and bridges collapse, more crime, barbarians attack, food was scarce
How much the nights make and who could be a knight
Social classes; king, noblees/ church officials, knight, peasent/ serfs Knights money People that were lower class couldn't be a knight
Why didnt serfs leave
Some serfs wanted to leave and some did, some dudn'twant to leave because it is there home, and some were to scared. Something is always being exchanged for something else.
Definition of Divine Right
The belief that God gives monarchs the right to rule
Definition of Black Death
The disease, the bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages
What events in Europe led to the development of the feudal system?
The feudal system developed because there was lawlessnesss and disorder. People were robbing and taking advantage of Europe weakness people turned to local leaders.
Identify the natural resources that were available to Europeans? What was the result?
The forest for lumber, rich soil for farming, animals for dairy/ leather people didn't really need to leave the manor
Definition of Pope
The head of the Roman Catholic Church
Describe the violence of the era
There were invasions from Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims these all weakened the government.
In feudalism, serfs farmed most of the manor and supported the day-to-day life of the villages. If the nobility were a small percentage of the population, why do you think there were not more revolts by serfs?
They don't have the resources to fight and win, they don't want to die, and they didn't want the government to collapse.
Describe the relationship between peasants and nobles?
They had a mutualistic relationship, because the peasants relied on nobles for land and protection and they got to keep some of the crops and the peasants made laws, and the nobles relied on peasants to harvest their crops.
How did peasants benefit from nobles?
They had laws, safety, land, and some crops.
What did kings do about the violence between nobles?
They struck a deal, offering land for loyalty.
What were guilds? Why were they important part of Europe's growth?
They were groups of people with the same job that created an organization to help each other. This was important because they brought more jobs and money
Why were peasants so important despite their low social status?
They were the economic backbone of society.
How did the plague spread?
Through fleas on rats
What did knights promise in exchange for land?
To fight and protect
Why did people turn to the church during the medieval ages in Europe?
To gain hope, protection, food, and shelter
Definition of Pillage
To steal goods
What does the term Dark Ages imply?
What does the term Dark Ages imply?
When did feudalism begin?
When the R.E. fell in the 5th century.
Why did feudalism develop?
With no central authority to protect people from nearby warlords, Northern Europe had to learn to protect themselves locally , thus feudalism developed. (similar to china before and after tang dynasty)
Wealthy nobles fought over
_land_
Feudalism was
an organized system of governing land on a large scale, and it ensured peace in the kingdom. Yet feudalism and the role of serfs contributed to the rise of European society at the expense of individual rights.
serfs
at the bottom
This system placed lords and nobility a
at the top of the economic and social structure
If a serf did not have money to pay taxes,
he or she would pay with more labor. Getting out of debt was nearly impossible.
exploited,
or took unfair advantage
The economy was so structured that
people were never allowed to do tasks outside of their assigned role.
goal of past feudal economic structures was
protection and financial stability—which is similar to the goal of most modern countries.
Taxes may have
put a strain on serfs, but they added more money to the economy.
The establishment of feudalism was based on
the belief that all land belonged to God. It was believed that kings were chosen by divine right, or selected by God, to rule the land. This meant that kings could use the land as they wished.
The freemen paid rent to
the manor lord and often worked in a trade, such as a baker or blacksmith.
Feudalism in Europe became
the only way kings knew how to protect and grow their kingdoms.
Manor lords paid for
their land in knights and had to be sure that the knights were trained properly.
Both serfs and freemen had
very few rights
Serfs
were peasants who were attached to the land and unable to travel freely. They provided labor in return for food, shelter, and protection.
Definition of Fief
An estate of land granted in exchange for loyalty or service
Why was feudalism used as a system in the Middle Ages?
Because it offered stability, turned chaos to order.
Where did the plague originate from?
Central Asia
Economy driven by ___________- w/ some limited _______________ and______________
Economy driven by agriculture w/ some limited manufacturing and trade
Everyone in a feudal society relied on ______________ which played an important role in creating a stable ________________ in the Middle Ages.
Everyone in a feudal society relied on one another to survive, which played an important role in creating a stable economy in the Middle Ages.
