Medsurg chapter 29 prepU

A client's family member asks the nurse why disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs. Which statement by the nurse correctly explains the cause of DIC?

"DIC is caused by abnormal activation of the clotting pathway, causing excessive amounts of tiny clots to form inside organs." p939-941

A client with megaloblastic anemia reports mouth and tongue soreness. What instruction will the nurse give the client regarding eating while managing the client's symptoms?

"Eat small amounts of bland, soft foods frequently." p918

A client is hospitalized 3 days prior to a total hip arthroplasty and reports a high level of pain with ambulation. The client has been taking warfarin at home, which is now discontinued. To prevent the formation of blood clots, which action should the nurse take?

Administer the prescribed enoxaparin (Lovenox).

A client with sickle cell crisis is admitted to the hospital in severe pain. While caring for the client during the crisis, which is the priority nursing intervention?

Administering and evaluating the effectiveness of opioid analgesics. p919-922

A nurse caring for a client who has hemophilia is getting ready to take the client's vital signs. What should the nurse do before taking a blood pressure?

Ask if taking a blood pressure has ever produced bleeding under the skin or in the arm joints. p936

A client in end-stage renal disease is prescribed epoetin alfa and oral iron supplements. Before administering the next dose of epoetin alfa and oral iron supplement, what is the priority action taken by the nurse?

Assesses the hemoglobin level. p922

The client has been diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome with an absolute neutrophil count less than 1000/mm³ and is being admitted to the hospital. The nurse

Assigns the client to a private room. p929

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is characterized by a process of inflammation and _______________ within the vasculature.

Coagulation

A male client has been receiving a continuous infusion of weight-based heparin for more than 4 days. The client's PTT is at a level that requires an increase of heparin by 100 units per hour. The client has the laboratory findings shown above. What is the most important action for the nurse to take?

Consult with the physician about discontinuing heparin. p939

The nurse observes the laboratory studies for a client in the hospital with fatigue, feeling cold all of the time, and hemoglobin of 8.6 g/dL and a hematocrit of 28%. What finding would be an indicator of iron-deficiency anemia?

Erythrocytes that are microcytic and hypochromic. p910

In hypoproliferative anemias, premature destruction of erythrocytes

False

The most common symptom and complication of anemia is _________, which has the greatest negative impact on a patient's level of functioning.

Fatigue

A patient with neutropenia is at an increased risk for __________, which increases proportionately with the decrease in the neutrophil count.

Infection

A nursing instructor is evaluating a student caring for a neutropenic client. The instructor concludes that the nursing student demonstrates accurate knowledge of neutropenia based on which intervention?

Monitoring the client's temperature and reviewing the client's complete blood count (CBC) with differential. p929

A client with a diagnosis of pernicious anemia comes to the clinic and reports numbness and tingling in the arms and legs. What do these symptoms indicate?

Neurologic involvement. p918

The nurse provides care for an older adult client, diagnosed with anemia, who has a hemoglobin of 9.6 g/dL and a hematocrit of 34%. To determine the cause of the client's blood loss, which is the priority nursing action?

Observe the client's stools for blood. p912

Which of the following is considered an antidote to heparin?

Protamine sulphate

A client at the clinic has just been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. What would you recommend the client consume to promote the absorption of iron?

Rich sources of vitamin C. p915

The nurse is preparing the patient for a test to determine the cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. The patient will receive a small oral dose of radioactive vitamin B12 followed by a large parenteral dose of nonradioactive vitamin B12. What test is the patient being prepared for?

Schilling test. p918

A client is prescribed 325 mg/day of oral ferrous sulfate. What does the nurse include in client teaching?

Take 1 hour before breakfast. p915

A client with chronic anemia has received multiple transfusions. Which client action would the nurse be concerned about relative to the client's condition?

Takes over-the-counter iron supplements. p913

A patient is taking prednisone 60 mg per day for the treatment of an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. The patient has developed lymphopenia with a lymphocyte count of less than 1,500 mm3. What should the nurse monitor the client for?

The onset of a bacterial infection. p929

After receiving chemotherapy for lung cancer, a client's platelet count falls to 98,000/mm3. What term should the nurse use to describe this low platelet count?

Thrombocytopenia. p932

Which medication is the antidote to warfarin?

Vitamin K. p945

A young client is diagnosed with a mild form of hemophilia and is experiencing bleeding in the joints with pain. In preparing the client for discharge, what instructions should the nurse provide?

Wear a medical identification bracelet. p937

A nurse cares for clients with hematological disorders and notes that women are diagnosed with hemochromatosis at a much lower rate than men. What is the primary reason for this?

Women lose iron through menstrual cycles. p914

Which of the following is the most common hematologic condition affecting elderly patients

anemia. p910

Which of the following are assessment findings associated with thrombocytopenia? Select all that apply.

bleeding gums, hematemesis, epistaxis. p932

The nurse is caring for a client with external bleeding. What is the nurse's priority intervention?

direct pressure. p910

The nurse cares for several clients with hematological conditions. Which assessment needs will the nurse prioritize for the client with aplastic anemia? Select all that apply.

infection and bleeding. p916

A client admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, anemia, and bloody stools reports feeling weak and dizzy. The client has rectal pressure and needs to urinate and move their bowels. The nurse should help them:

onto the bedpan. p913

A client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus comes to the emergency department with severe back pain. The client is taking prednisone daily and reported feeling pain after manually opening the garage door. What adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy is most likely responsible for the pain?

osteoporosis. p934

While assessing a client, the nurse will recognize what as the most obvious sign of anemia?

pallor. p912

Which term refers to an abnormal decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets?

pancytopenia. p916

Folate deficiency occurs in people who rarely eat which of the following?

uncooked vegetables. p917

A nurse is caring for an older client who has been admitted to the unit with iron-deficiency anemia. What would the nurse suspect?

Blood loss from the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract. p910

Iron deficiency anemia, the most common type of anemia in all age groups, also is the most common anemia in the world.

True

Secondary polycythemia is caused by excessive production of erythropoietin.

True

The patient with sickle cell trait usually has a normal hemoglobin level, a normal hematocrit, and a normal blood smear.

True

A patient has a probable diagnosis of polycythemia vera. The nurse reviews the patient's lab work for which diagnostic indicator?

Hematocrit of 60%. p928

A client with pernicious anemia is receiving parenteral vitamin B12 therapy. Which client statement indicates effective teaching about this therapy?

"I will receive parenteral vitamin B12 therapy for the rest of my life." p917

A client with anemia is prescribed an oral iron supplement. Which statement indicates that teaching about this supplement has been effective?

"I will take it in the morning with orange juice." p915

Parents arrive to the clinic with their young child and inform the nurse the child has just been diagnosed with sickle cell disease. The parents ask the nurse how this could have happened and which one of them is the carrier. What is the best response by the nurse?

"The child must inherit two defective genes, one from each parent." p919

When teaching a client with iron deficiency anemia about appropriate food choices, the nurse encourages the client to increase the dietary intake of which foods?

Beans, dried fruits, and leafy, green vegetables. p914-915

A client is found to have a low hemoglobin and hematocrit when laboratory work was performed. What does the nurse understand the anemia may have resulted from? Select all that apply.

Blood loss Abnormal erythrocyte production Destruction of normally formed red blood cells p913

The nurse cares for a client with iron deficiency anemia. What findings will the nurse expect to find when reviewing the client's CBC results? Select all that apply.

Decreased MCV Decreased reticulocytes p910

A patient with chronic renal failure is examined by the health care provider for anemia. Which laboratory results will the nurse monitor?

Decreased level of erythropoietin. p910

The nurse and the client are discussing some strategies for ingesting iron to combat the client's iron-deficiency anemia. Which is among the nurse's strategies?

Drink liquid iron preparations with a straw. p915

____________________ is a genetic condition in which excess iron, absorbed from the GI tract, is deposited in various body organs.

Hemochromatosis

A client with severe anemia reports symptoms of tachycardia, palpitations, exertional dyspnea, cool extremities, and dizziness with ambulation. Laboratory test results reveal low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Based on the assessment data, which nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for this client?

Ineffective tissue perfusion related to inadequate hemoglobin and hematocrit. p919-923

During the review of morning laboratory values for a client reporting severe fatigue and a red, swollen tongue, the nurse suspects chronic, severe iron deficiency anemia based on which finding?

Low ferritin level concentration. p927-928

A nurse suspects that a patient may have aplastic anemia based on clinical manifestations and assessment. Which one of the following lab results would be consistent with this diagnosis?

Neutrophil count of 50%. p916

Anemia is the most common hematologic condition affecting older adults, particularly those admitted to hospitals or those in long-term care facilities.

True

The nurse observes a co-worker who always seems to be eating a cup of ice. The nurse encourages the co-worker to have an examination and diagnostic workup with the health care provider. What type of anemia is the nurse concerned the co-worker may have?

iron deficiency anemia. p912

Patients with __________ anemia develop a smooth sore red tongue

pernicious

The nurse is educating a client about iron supplements. The nurse teaches that what vitamin enhances the absorption of iron?

C p915 Vitamin C facilitates the absorption of iron. Therefore, iron supplements should be taken with a glass of orange juice or a vitamin C tablet to maximize absorption.