Methods Midterms

If research could not possible be carried out with informed consent, and if the risk to participants in minimal, it might be ethical to waive informed consent. T/F

True

The Nuremberg Code serves as the cornerstone of ethical principles upon which Federal regulations for the protection of human research participants are based. a) True b) False

b) False

The principle of Beneficence says that some harm could potentially be done to participants. a) True b) False

b) False

What does IRB stand for? _______________

(Institutional Research Board)

Peer review is?

- A self regulatory practice designed to protect against the publication of flawed research or unsound scholarship, and to recognize and promote innovative and cutting-edge studies - Is preferred or required for scholarly research reports - The way a scholarly field determines which research is acceptable, sound, and valid, and which is not

Communication researchers:

- Attempt to solve problems and answer questions associated with the exchange of info between human beings - Study the conveyance of meaning

Applied research

-opposite of basic research -conducted to address issues in which there are practical problems and potential solutions -program evaluation: assesses the social reforms and innovations -typical of the research conducted in industry -more specific (targeting a certain population, level)

basic research

-type of research that attempts to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior -theoretical issues concern basic phenomena -typically conducted at universities -more broad/general

Some problems with everyday ways of knowing includes:

Accuracy, over generalization, and cognitive conservatism

Relying on someone in a position of power to tell you what is factual is a example of:

Authority

Communication scholars preferring a _________________ approach begin with a theory and gather evidence to evaluate that theory.

Deductive

"Human Subjects Protection," refers to the guidelines we follow to make sure we are protecting the people that are in harm's way T/F

False

As a rule of thumb, regional articles are rated more highly than national journals, which are more rated more highly than international journals and so on? T/F

False

If you look up information on the Internet, you are conducting what's called primary research

False

People no longer use bibliography cards

False

When conducting primary research, it is not recommended to search secondary information sources first because it may give incorrect information or create bias

False

The study of the nature of reality is _________________.

Ontology

_________________ refers to fully understanding the lived experiences of research participants and including the multiple realities, interpretations, experiences, and voices emergent from all individuals and all angles.

Representation

_________________ refer to the specific principles, rules, guidelines, and norms of research-related behavior that a research community has decided are proper, fair, and appropriate.

Research ethics

The Principle of _________________ says that research participants should be treated as autonomous agents—that means they are independent, self-governing, and capable of making decisions for themselves as long as they are given sufficient information to make those decisions.

Respect for persons

List the three principles of The Belmont Report.

Respect for persons; Beneficence/non-maleficience; Justice

Academic sources of literature for library research generally include:

Scholarly books and journal articles

Writing a review of literature for a class project is an example of

Secondary research

A textbook is an example of a ____________________ source.

Secondary resource

Ontology

The study of reality

The primary goal of social scientists is to understand _________________.

The world around us

What is the primary goal of social scientists?

To study the world around us.

Research ethics refer to the specific principles, rules, guidelines, and norms of research-related behavior that a research community has decided are proper, fair, and appropriate. T/F

True

Some Communication researchers study the ways in which information is transmitted through different levels of organizations and businesses: T/F

True

Study objectives are what you want to answer with your research.

True

According to Human Subjects Protection, persons with diminished authority are referred to as _________________.

Vulnerable populations

List 4 out of the "7-commandments" of ethical research Any 4 of:

a) Do not steal by plagiarizing or claiming the results of others b) Do not lie by misreporting sources or by inventing results. c) Do not destroy sources and data for those who follow. d) Do not submit data whose accuracy they have reason to question. e) Do not conceal objections that they cannot rebut. f) Do not caricature those with opposing views or deliberately state their views in a way they would reject. g) Do not write their reports in a way that deliberately makes it difficult for readers to understand them, nor do they simplify that which is legitimately complex.

The rules, or guidelines, we follow to make sure we are protecting the people we are studying are known as: a) Human Subjects Protection b) Nuremberg Code c) Relational Ethics d) The Belmont Report e) None of the above

a) Human Subjects Protection

Anonymity means that no one, including the researcher, can connect the participant's responses with his/her identity. a) True b) False

a) True

Axiology is the study of values. a) True b) False

a) True

Researchers can potentially be harmed by improper boundaries between themselves and their participants. a) True b) False

a) True

Individuals who identify themselves as preferring an interpretivist perspective believe that scientific evidence is superior to other types of knowing. a) True b) False

b) False

Research conducted for a specific audience, which is not shared beyond the intended audience, is scholarly research. a) True b) False

b) False

Participatory Action Research is an example of one methodology that attempts to break down power relationships between the researcher and the researched by: a) Abandoning research rigor b) Letting all the stakeholders define the problem and work toward solutions c) Not requiring informed consent procedures d) Using an "anything goes" methodology e) All of the above

b) Letting all the stakeholders define the problem and work toward solutions

Which of the following scenarios would require informed consent? a) Analysis of diaries or letters of a deceased historical figure b) Obtaining third-party information in health communication research, in which a healthcare professional might be asked questions about a patient c) When a communication scholar writes a rhetorical analysis of Barak Obama's latest speech d) All of the above e) None of the above

b) Obtaining third-party information in health communication research, in which a healthcare professional might be asked questions about a patient

If you believe that the world exists out there and is tangible, you are taking this type of stance: a) Nominalist b) Realist c) Social constructionist d) None of the above

b) Realist

The study of knowledge is called a. critical thinking b. epistemology c. research d. scholarly research

b. epistemology

The traditional researcher-researched relationship is one of ____________,in which the researcher holds power over the people he/she is studying, simply by virtue of the fact that the researcher is in charge of the study, the methodology, the analysis, and dissemination of the findings. a) Atonic power b) Autonomous power c) Hegemonic power d) Heteromonic power

c) Hegemonic power

Theory about theory is known as: a) Axiology b) Epistemology c) Metatheory d) Ontology e) None of the above

c) Metatheory

"If a tree falls in the forest does it make a sound?" is an example of the ______ continuum. a) Epistemological b) Metatheoritical c) Ontological d) None of the above

c) Ontological

As part of the informed consent process, a researcher must: a) Disclose all relevant information to potential participants b) Disclose any risks, benefits, or uncertainties of the intervention c) Inform potential participants that they are unable to withdraw from the study at any time d) A and B e) All of the above

d) A and B

If an extreme instance makes it necessary to deceive participants, researchers should: a) De-hoax participants after the deception b) Debrief participants after the deception c) Not disclose the deception d) A and B e) All of the above f) None of the above

d) A and B

Metatheory is not____. a) Based on theory b) How we observe the social world c) The study of nature d) All are correct e) All are incorrect

d) All are correct

In Communication Studies research, we typically don't inflict physical harm on participants, but our research might certain inflict: a) Bodily harm b) Emotional harm c) Social harm d) B and C e) All of the above

d) B and C

A ______ approach to research often attempts to explore research questions concerned with exploration, prediction, and/or communication phenomenon. a) Critical b) Interpretivist c) Positivist d) Post-positivist e) Pre-positivist

d) Post-positivist

Qualitative research: a) Embraces a naturalistic, interpretive paradigm b) Is best used when there is not much previously known about a topic c) Is concerned with generalizing to a wider population d) Represents and explains objective reality with the overarching goal of simplifying, organizing, predicting, and controlling human behavior e) A and B f) All of the above

e) A and B

Ethical research: a) Does what it says it's going to do b) Is research that is designed and conducted validly, reliably, legitimately, and representatively c) Protects a participant's rights d) B and C e) All of the above

e) All of the above

Health Communication scholars are experts in: a) Customs b) Faith play c) Role and tradition d) None of the above e) All of the above

e) All of the above

Informed consent is obtained from research participants, typically defined as a living individual about whom a researcher obtains: a) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual b) Identifiable private information c) Third-party information d) A & B e) All of the above

e) All of the above

Research findings, both qualitative and quantitative, can be: a) Manipulated b) Misinterpreted c) Misrepresented. d) A & C e) B & C f) All of the above

f) All of the above

Does a paradigm make up ologies or do ologies make up a paradigm?

ologies make up a paradigm

Epistemology

study of knowledge

Axiology

study of values

Metatheory

theory about theory

A database is a source that searches through many journals at a time? T/F

true