Mexican- American War 1846-1848
What did the "conscience Whigs" favor?
"Conscience Whigs" in the north favored the abolition of slavery and halting the institution's spread into new territories.
What did the U.S cry?
"Fifty-four forty or fight!"
Why was the mexican American war important?
- 1/3 of our country is won as a result - will lead to a massive division in America (due to argument over slavery) - dress rehearsal for civil war
Who is James K. Polk?
- 11th U.S pres. - southern democrat - expansionist
How do you bring a single slave state into the union? Solutions?
- Annex Texas (slave) - Annex Oregon (free) - buy
Key events?
- Dred Scott - crisis in Kansas - economic depression
Who is John brown?
- Extremist, religious zeacot, a radical - supports abolitionism in 1837
What was the first battle? Who won
- Palo Alto - American victory
What were the provisions of the treaty of Guadalupe?
- Permanent treaty that ended the war - Americans gained Mexico's northern territories - texas's southern border officially became the rio grande
What did the Americans do because of Mexico's refusal?
- Zachary Taylor was sent to Nueces River - Mexicans Attacked (disputed/provoked) - shots fired on both sides - Polk then got a declaration of war
What were the problems w/ victory?
- have to settle dispute over slavery - transportation - native population will cause conflict
*Causes of Civil War (1850-1854)
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American Response
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American Victory
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Bleeding Kansas
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Election of 1856
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Election of 1860
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Issues w/ Texas
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John Brown Harper's Ferry
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Lincoln - Douglas debate
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Mexican- American War
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Oregon
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Political Parties
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Results
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Texas
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Violence on Capitol Hill- 1856
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What were the provisions of the compromise of 1850?
1) California will come in as a free state 2) Utah and New Mexico = popular sovereignty 3) stricter fugitive slave laws 4) domestic slave trade is banned in Washington D.C
Know- Nothing Party?
A party that supported native born Americans over new immigrants. Was split over the issue of slavery
Abolitionists?
Against slavery
Free soil?
Against slavery on economic ground. A party that objected to slavery based on the idea that slave labor was cheaper than wage based labor force which in turn drove down wages.
How does the south view Brooks?
As a hero
How does the north view sumner?
As a martyr
What was a major American victory?
Battle of Monterrey
Anti-Kansas Nebraska Act -> renamed Republicans
Begin as a party opposed to slavery; many members from the Whig, know-nothing, and free soilers joined the party
What is the manifest destiny?
Belief that U.S is destined by God & history to expand over a vast area that included North America
What did Steven Douglas believe?
Believed in popular sovereignty
What does John brown believe?
Believes the goal in life is to end slavery
Dispute about slave/free states arises- what is Douglas' solution?
Break down the Missouri compromise and decide slave/free by popular sovereignty.
Oregon split w/ _____ along the ________ (June 1846)
Britain 49th parallel
Why did the population increase in west?
California gold rush
Why was sumner beaten?
Calls Andrew butler don Quixote-> insulting south congressmen
What did Scott do?
Capture Mexico City
What did Kearney do?
Captured Santa Fe and aided US forces in California's Bear Flag Revolution, and captured California
Who is beat to death on the floor of the senate?
Charles Sumner
Who is sent to New Mexico?
Col. Stephen Kearney
Who were "cotton Whigs"
Cotton Whigs in the south took opposite viewpoints of the conscience Whigs
Buchanan
Democrat
Douglas
Democrat
What happens to brown?
Hanged
What does john brown do?
He goes out and wages war- him and his officials murder 5 proslavery officials
Where did Steven Douglas want the railroad to originate from?
Illinois because he is the the senator of Illinois
Whigs?
Issue of slavery split the party
Why is the Mexican- American war a controversial conflict?
It is a war of expansion
Filmore
Know nothing
What was the response to the annex of Texas?
Mexico broke diplomatic ties- precursor to war
Kansas Nebraska Act
Need to connect both sides of the country -> build railroad
What did Mexico want the border to be?
Nueces River
What did the Mexican gov't do to encourage American immigration into Texas?
Offered Cheap land and low tax
What happened in Nov of 1845?
Polk sent John Slidell to purchase California from Mexico- Mexico refused
Who beats sumner?
Preston Brooks
What was brown's idea?
Raid the army; arm the slaves and start revolt
Fremont
Republican
Lincoln
Republican
Where did the Americans want the border to be?
Rio Grande
Who stops the rebellion?
Robert E. lee stops the rebellion, commander of the army of northern Virginia
Big cause of civil war?
Slavery
Impact of john brown on the south
Slavery Dieing
Breckinridge
Southern democrat
Who wrote the compromise of 1850?
Steven Douglas
Dred Scott case?
Supreme Court rules Scott as a slave
American advantage?
Technology
What state did James K. Polk want to bring into the Union?
Texas
Why did America not want anything to do with Texas?
They know annexation would cause conflict w/ Mexico and also cause an imbalance in slave and free states
Buchanan's presidency
Union will not dissolve under his presidency
What did Lincoln believe?
Was against slavery but not an abolitionist; thought it was impossible to eliminate slavery @ once
Buchanan's presidency?
Weak, indecisive, inept
What was the central focus of the debate?
What to do with slavery
Why is this so controversial?
Will led to a new political party- Anti- Kansas-Nebraska Party
Who did Polk replace Taylor with?
Winfield Scott