MGMT 301 - Exam 2

________ is the process of taking a creative idea and turning it into a useful product or work method.

Innovation

________ is the degree to which people believe they control their own fate.

Locus of control

Groups made up of employees connected by some common dimension of diversity are known as employee ________.

resource groups

A ________ is an individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches.

social entrepreneur

A ________ is an individual or organization who seeks out opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative, and sustainable approaches. sustainability contractor

social entrepreneur

In the United States a company that meets, but does not exceed, federal pollution control standards and does not discriminate in hiring, promotion, and pay is generally meeting its ________.

social obligation

When PETA supporters picketed Avon products because of its use of animals in the testing of its cosmetics, Avon changed its practices and stopped testing on animals. In this situation, Avon exercised ________.

social responsiveness

The process of applying social and environmental criteria to an investment decision is known as ________.

social screening

Discrimination refers to ________.

someone acting out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice

Judging a person on the basis of one's perception of a group to which he or she belongs is known as ________.

stereotyping

Jack and Jill are discussing the new hire in their department: her hair color, skin tone, manner of dress, and accent. Jack and Jill are focusing on ________.

surface level diversity

Your university has tried to promote the establishment of shared values so that all members will understand its beliefs. The university has established ________ management.

values-based

If Google asks 25 members of its executive team to spend a full day during their annual team-building retreat building a house in Las Vegas with Habitat for Humanity, the executives would be engaging in employee ________.

volunteering efforts

Upper management is pushing hard to increase earnings per share. If Moe yields to this pressure despite his own personal misgivings about the use of a non-certified material in the production of climbing equipment, he will be demonstrating ________.

weak ego strength

Employees who raise ethical concerns or issues in an organization are known as ________.

whistle-blowers

The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is known as ________.

workplace diversity

________ involves distorting facts to make the change appear more attractive.

Manipulation and co-optation

________ is a process whereby an experienced organizational member provides advice and guidance to a less-experienced member.

Mentoring

________ involves exchanging something of value for an agreement to lessen the resistance to the change effort.

Negotiation

________ refers to a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people.

Prejudice

________ is the biological heritage (including physical characteristics such as one's skin color and associated traits) that people use to identify themselves.

Race

________ creates expectations that may be hard to reconcile or satisfy.

Role Conflict

Cameron is expected to produce 550 parts per day, but his machine is capable of only 480. He is also expected to supervise six workers and make sure they have all the materials they need to perform their duties. Cameron is likely to experience ________.

Role Overload

True/False: Employees who prefer stability are less likely to try new technology.

True

True/False: When employees are evaluated only on outcomes, they may be pressured to do whatever is necessary to look good on the outcomes, and not be concerned with how they got those results.

True

True/False: t is important that firms be concerned with both the ends and the means used to achieve them.

True

Which of the following is a physical symptom of stress? a) Changes in metabolism b) Changes in productivity c) Changes in attitude d) Changes in mood

a

Which one of the following diversity factors has been called the "last acceptable bias"? a)sexual orientation b)gender identity c)religious belief d) ethnic origin

a

________ involves bringing individuals directly affected by the proposed change into the decision-making process. a) Participation b) Facilitation and Support c) Delegation d) Manipulation and Co-optation

a

"It's not my fault!" is a cry often heard from someone with ________.

an external locus of control

Bullseye, a large discount retailer, discovered it could not compete with the world's largest retailer and has repositioned itself as a more upscale discount department store. This move represents a change in ________. a) consumer preferences b) organizational strategy c) technology d) the economy

b

People are going to be different. The focus of managers should be to ________. a) find ways to keep various groups within the workforce from creating conflict b) find ways to develop strong relationships with and engage the entire workforce c) make sure the practices within their departments comply with the letter of the laws governing discrimination in employment d) find commonalities among various groups displaying surface-level diversity

b

Stress symptoms are grouped under the categories of ________. a) physical, economic, and legal b) physical, psychological, and behavioral c) physical, psychological, and cultural d) physical, political, and social

b

The two metaphors commonly used to describe the two views of the change process are ________. a) smooth water and troubled water b) calm waters and white-water rapids c) shallow water and falling water d) burning bridge and water over the dam

b

What approach deals with an organization changing its interaction with the environment because of the preferences of its customers? a)stakeholder approach b)market approach c)legal approach d)activist approach

b

Which of the following perceptions do employers typically have of older employees? a) lack of sound judgment b) resistance to new technology c)weak work ethic d) better attendance

b

Which one of the following demographic characteristics reflects surface-level diversity? a) differences in values b) ethnicity c) personality d) values

b

Which one of the following is true concerning the impact of organizational culture on ethical behavior? a) An organization with low conflict tolerance encourages ethical behavior. b) An organization with strong culture can encourage either ethical or unethical behavior. c) An organizational culture that is high in conflict tolerance encourages unethical behavior. d) An organizational culture that is high in control encourages unethical behavior.

b

________ is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities. a) Euphoria b) Stress c) Degeneration d) Disease

b

Back2Work succeeded because it offered personalized assistance to its clients-people who had lost jobs-beginning with having a live person answer every phone call. When management proposed an automated answering service with a directory tree ("Press 1 for a company directory", for example), Cathy was concerned the company would lose customers. Cathy's resistance stemmed from her a) belief that uncertainty would increase b) fear that she would be forced out of her habit c) concern over personal loss d) belief that the change was incompatible with the goals and interests of the organization.

d

Cameron is expected to produce 550 parts per day, but his machine is capable of only 480. He is also expected to supervise six workers and make sure they have all the materials they need to perform their duties. Cameron is likely to experience ________. a) role conflict b) role expansion c) role ambiguity d) role overload

d

Discrimination refers to ________. a)a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a person or a group of people b)a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology c)judging a person based on a perception of a group to which that person belongs d)someone acting out their prejudicial attitudes toward people who are the targets of their prejudice

d

In workplace jargon, the term "glass ceiling" refers to ________. a)the perceived difference in cognitive abilities between male and female employees b)the theoretical organizational level beyond which no discrimination exists c)the cumulative difference between opportunities and rewards offered to male and female employees d)the invisible barrier that separates women and minorities from top management positions

d

New Ideas, Inc., focuses on new ideas, uses technology that changes frequently, and has strong competition in the market. This situation describes what metaphor of change? a) a shallow water metaphor b) a falling water rapid metaphor c) a rapid water metaphor d) a white-water rapids metaphor

d

Organizational change can best be defined as ________. a) rethinking the organization's target markets b) innovation that affects employees and customers c) a "cleaning house" of the top executives d) any alteration of people, structure, or technology.

d

Under what approach is the organization driven to look for ways to respect and preserve the earth and its natural resources? a) stakeholder approach b) market approach c) legal approach d) activist approach

d

Under what approach is the organization driven to look for ways to respect and preserve the earth and its natural resources? a)stakeholder approach b)market approach c)legal approach d)activist approach

d

What can be said about a manager who believes that she can work hard and will meet the productivity goals of her organization despite unfavorable conditions? a)She has an external locus of control. b)She has a high ego strength. c)She has a weak ego strength. d)She has an internal locus of control.

d

Disruptive innovation describes ________

innovations in products, services, or processes that radically change an industry's rules of the game

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it illegal for U.S. firms to ________.

knowingly corrupt a foreign official

no.

no

An individual is likely to resist change because of the feeling ________.

of uncertainty

At the ________ level of moral development, a person's choice between right or wrong is based on personal consequences from outside sources, such as physical punishment, reward, or exchange of favors.

preconventional

At the ________ level of moral development, individuals define moral values apart from the authority of the groups to which they belong or society in general.

principled

________ is a term that describes a tendency or preference toward a particular perspective or ideology.

Bias

________ refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas.

Creativity

________ refers to the social traits that are shared by a human population.

Ethnicity

True/False: Disruptive innovations are more likely to come from large companies with extensive resources.

False

True/False: In the "white-water rapids" metaphor of change, change is seen as an occasional disruption in the normal flow of events.

False

True/False: Pressure to perform and meet goals has little impact on an employee's decision to behave ethically.

False

True/False: To encourage employees to report ethical concerns, managers must make sure the reporting employee knows the outcome of any investigation, including the punishment meted out to the perpetrator.

False

True/False: Type B personalities seldom experience the symptoms of stress.

False

True/False: When a firm has a code of ethics in place, the role of managers in enforcing ethical behavior is minimized.

False

True/False: Coercion involves the use of covert attempts to influence others.

False **

________ measures the strength of a person's convictions.

Ego strength

________ are factors related to an employee's job and include the design of a person's job, working conditions, and the physical work layout.

Task demands

Amanda works as a technical support executive at ColorWare Systems. Which of the following factors, if true, could trigger certain stereotypes about Amanda among her co-workers, though not necessarily reflecting the way they feel or think about her? a) Amanda does not believe in engaging in gossip about her coworkers. b) Amanda prefers working late every evening to working over the weekend. c) Amanda has a Swedish mother and an African American father. d) Amanda tends to dominate discussions among her co-workers.

c

Earnest's team works well when given "big picture" goals and allowed to develop ideas without detailed explanations or guidance. This would indicate Earnest's team is ________. a) tolerant of conflict b) an open-system focus team c) tolerant of risk d) accepting of ambiguity

c

Shelly was the most senior employee in the department and knew just about everything about everyone else's job. If all employees in the department were cross-trained, Shelly would no longer have an advantage that brought with it special privileges. Shelly's resistance to change came from her ________. a) belief that uncertainty would increase b) fear that she would be forced out of her habit c) concern over personal loss d) belief that the changes would harm the organization

c

Trends observed in the shifting world population indicate that the average age of the world population in increasing. Also, the world's population aged over 80 is expected to more than double by the year 2040. Which of the following is a likely implication of such population trends? a) decreasing demands on social entitlement programs b) increasing global savings rates c) dwindling labor supply d) decreasing preference for white-collar occupation

c

Trends observed in the shifting world population indicate that the average age of the world population in increasing. Also, the world's population aged over 80 is expected to more than double by the year 2040. Which of the following is a likely implication of such population trends? a) decreasing demands on social entitlement programs b) increasing global savings rates c) dwindling labor supply d) decreasing preference for white-collar occupations

c

Under what approach do organizations exhibit little environmental sensitivity, and simply obey laws, rules and regulations? a) Stakeholder approach b) market approach c) legal approach d) activist approach

c

Under what approach do organizations exhibit little environmental sensitivity, and simply obey laws, rules and regulations? a)stakeholder approach b)market approach c)legal approach d)activist approach

c

What positive perception do employers typically have of older employees? a) enthusiastic towards new technology b) open to change c) strong work ethic d) flexible and adaptable

c

When a member of her team offers an "off-the-wall" solution to a team problem, Martina has to contend with what cultural variable? a) tolerance of conflict b) tolerance of risk c) tolerance of the impractical d) focus on ends

c

When the Pinto cars made by Ford were increasingly involved in fatal rear-crash accidents, Ford officials made a decision to discontinue that model. Their decision was a(n) ________ change. a) inactive b) proactive c) reactive d) retroactive

c

________ refers to the ability to combine ideas in a unique way or to make unusual associations between ideas. a) Innovation b) Alteration c) Creativity d) Change

c

In organizations, people who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process are called ________.

change agents

A ________ is a formal statement of an organization's primary values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow.

code of ethics

Which one of the following statements is true of employing disabled employees? a) Hiring people with disabilities leads to higher employment costs and lower profit margins. b) Workers with disabilities lack job skills and experience necessary to perform as well as their abled counterparts. c) Employees with disabilities are exempt from potential disciplinary action, and there are high costs associated with accommodating disabled employees. d) A person with a disability for whom workplace accommodations have been provided has the same obligations and rights as far as job performance.

d

________ involves distorting facts to make the change appear more attractive. a) Framing b) Education and communication c) Participation d) Manipulation and co-optation

d

Outside consultants are more likely to initiate ________ organizational changes than insiders are.

drastic

Social obligation is the obligation of a business to meet its ________.

economic and legal responsibilities

Which one of the following techniques for reducing resistance to change assumes that much of the resistance lies in misinformation?

education and communication