MGMT 3013- CH 12 SB

Raises and other monetary incentives are examples of ______ rewards. A: extrinsic B: internal C: intrinsic D: nonmotivational

A: extrinsic

What are characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Achievable B: Challenging C: Specific D: Complex

A: Achievable B: Challenging C: Specific

According to self-determination theory, people's behavior and well-being are influenced by what three innate needs? A: Competence, autonomy and relatedness B: Hygiene factors, motivators, and expectancy C: Achievement, power, and affiliation D: Self-actualization, esteem, and safety

A: Competence, autonomy and relatedness

What types of justice are the components of organizational justice? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Distributive B: Relational C: Procedural D: Interactional

A: Distributive C: Procedural D: Interactional

The model of motivation called equity theory is based on which of the following ideas? A: Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance. B: Employees accept that they will be treated unfairly in the workplace. C: Employees are incapable of resolving feelings of injustice.

A: Employees want to see fairness in how they are rewarded for task performance.

Which types of reinforcement are intended to weaken a behavior? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Extinction B: Punishment C: Negative reinforcement D: Positive reinforcement

A: Extinction B: Punishment

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Fairness B: Justice C: Dissonance D: Motivation

A: Fairness B: Justice

Equity theory is focused on explaining how people work to achieve which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Fairness B: Dissonance C: Justice D: Motivation

A: Fairness C: Justice

Select all that apply Which of the following are core job characteristics in the Hackman and Oldham job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Feedback B: Task structure C: Autonomy D: Task significance E: Skill variety

A: Feedback C: Autonomy D: Task significance E: Skill variety

Which guidelines should be followed when giving positive reinforcement? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Give rewards as soon as possible. B: Combine punishment and positive reinforcement. C: Administer punishment in private. D: Be clear about what behavior is desired.

A: Give rewards as soon as possible. D: Be clear about what behavior is desired.

Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Goal-setting theory B: Equity theory C: Expectancy theory D: Hierarchy of needs theory

A: Goal-setting theory B: Equity theory C: Expectancy theory

Which theory proposes that work satisfaction originates from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction originates from hygiene factors? A: Herzberg's two-factor theory B: House's path-goal model C: Malsow's hierarchy of needs D: Alderfer's ERG theory

A: Herzberg's two-factor theory

What is the first step in developing career readiness? A: Identify your most important long-term goal. B: Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals. C: Create a time schedule for reaching your long-term goal. D: Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal.

A: Identify your most important long-term goal.

What theories of motivation would be characterized as content perspectives? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory B: Vroom's expectancy theory C: McClelland's acquired needs theory D: Herzberg's two-factor theory

A: Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory C: McClelland's acquired needs theory D: Herzberg's two-factor theory

The theory of motivation that asserts that achievement, affiliation, and power are the major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace is called ______. A: McClelland's acquired needs theory B: Alderfer's ERG theory C: Vroom's expectancy theory D: Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

A: McClelland's acquired needs theory

What are the three critical psychological states identified by the job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Meaningfulness of work B: Responsibility for work outcomes C: Low absenteeism and turnover D: Knowledge of actual results of the work

A: Meaningfulness of work B: Responsibility for work outcomes D: Knowledge of actual results of the work

Using rewards or positive consequences to strengthen a particular behavior A: POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT B: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT C: EXTINCTION D: PUNISHMENT

A: POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Performance to outcomes B: Hygiene factors to motivating factors C: Equity to justice D: Effort to performance

A: Performance to outcomes D: Effort to performance

What is important to Marie in the workplace is to be in charge and in a position of control over her co-workers. This reflects which of the following needs identified by McClelland's acquired needs theory? A: Power B: Affiliation C: Acquisition D: Achievement

A: Power

In equity theory, the outputs received from an organization include which of the following? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Praise B: Pay C: Effort D: Rewards

A: Praise B: Pay D: Rewards

Which are principal perspectives on motivation? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Process B: Content C: Job design D: Competition E: Reinforcement

A: Process B: Content C: Job design E: Reinforcement

Which perspectives on motivation are concerned with the thought progression that leads to people deciding how to act? A: Process perspectives B: Bias perspectives C: Need perspectives D: Hierarchy perspectives

A: Process perspectives

What does the technique called scientific management seek to do? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Raise employee productivity B: Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs C: Increase employee efficiency D: Design jobs to be less repetitive

A: Raise employee productivity B: Reduce the number of tasks a worker performs C: Increase employee efficiency

"Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation? A: Reinforcement theory B: Equity theory C: Acquired needs theory D: Expectancy theory

A: Reinforcement theory

The extent to which a job requires a worker to use a wide range of different abilities A: Skill variety B: Task identity C: Task significance D: Autonomy E: Feedback

A: Skill variety

What are characteristics of the best incentive compensation plans? (Choose every correct answer.) A: They link rewards to performance. B: They are agreed on by both employees and managers. C: They involve generally unattainable stretch goals. D: They are designed to meet employee, not company, needs.

A: They link rewards to performance. B: They are agreed on by both employees and managers.

According to equity theory, which of the following would be characterized as inputs? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Training B: Experience C: Effort D: Praise

A: Training B: Experience C: Effort

What are three types of learning opportunities? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Tuition reimbursement B: Learning and development C: Incentive compensation D: Studying co-workers

A: Tuition reimbursement B: Learning and development D: Studying co-workers

What are the three major elements of Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Work outcomes B: Core job characteristics C: Psychological states D: Instrumentality

A: Work outcomes B: Core job characteristics C: Psychological states

Which are elements of self-motivation in the career readiness model? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Working consistently on personal development B: Needing regular instruction and praise C: Establishing good work habits D: Maintaining focus on organizational goals

A: Working consistently on personal development C: Establishing good work habits D: Maintaining focus on organizational goals

John has a strong desire to perform difficult tasks well. He is motivated by personal standards of excellence. John has a high need for ______. A: achievement B: affiliation C: power D: relatedness

A: achievement

Janeen's boss is so pleased with her sales performance during the past quarter that he gives her a bonus. In terms of the model of motivation, the bonus represents a(n) ______. A: extrinsic reward B: learned behavior C: intrinsic reward D: unfulfilled need

A: extrinsic reward

Liu wants to better understand how to motivate employees at her company. Because she knows there is no single leading theory accepted by everyone on what motivates people, she looks into the top four perspectives: content, process, reinforcement, and ______. A: job design B: punishment C: hierarchy D: status theory

A: job design

Anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited is known as ______. A: reinforcement B: onboarding C: dissonance D: gainsharing

A: reinforcement

Jakob thought he would enjoy his job as a web designer, but it turns out that he is responsible only for updating web pages and not for creating them, too. According to the jobs characteristics model, Jakob has low ______. A: task identity B: autonomy C: task significance D: skill variety

A: task identity

What are the three tips for recharging yourself as part of your self-motivation approach? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Make a daily list of accomplishments B: Accept kindness C: Figure out how you can best recharge D: Relax mentally and physically

B: Accept kindness C: Figure out how you can best recharge D: Relax mentally and physically

What is the modern way of designing jobs? A: Fitting people to jobs B: Fitting jobs to people C: Working as individuals D: Working as groups

B: Fitting jobs to people

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are motivated by physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs is ______ theory. A: Alderfer's ERG B: Maslow's hierarchy of needs C: Vroom's expectancy D: McClelland's acquired needs

B: Maslow's hierarchy of needs

What characteristics should your long-term goal have? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Vague B: Measurable C: Attainable D: Results-oriented

B: Measurable C: Attainable D: Results-oriented

Strengthening a behavior by withdrawing something negative A: POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT B: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT C: EXTINCTION D: PUNISHMENT

B: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

How does McClelland view needs? A: Needs must be satisfied in order, beginning with safety needs. B: Needs are something we learn from our culture. C: Needs are all related to our desire for power. D: We are born with needs.

B: Needs are something we learn from our culture.

What area of equity theory is concerned with the extent to which people believe they are being treated fairly at work? A: Expectancy B: Organizational justice C: Hierarchy of needs D: Instrumentality

B: Organizational justice

When analyzing the pay scale of her staff, Nanci saw that several equivalent positions in the department were paid at various rates. She felt that they needed to be balanced. Which aspect of equity theory is Nanci taking into consideration? A: Inputs B: Outputs C: Goals D: Timelines

B: Outputs

Hillary knows she needs a full-time job so she can buy groceries and clothing for her three children. Which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this describe? A: Safety B: Physiological C: Self-actualization D: Psychological

B: Physiological

What Tamika loves about her job is that every day brings new challenges, and she can use different talents and abilities to complete her job tasks. This is an example of which core job characteristic? A: Feedback B: Skill variety C: Task identity D: Task significance

B: Skill variety

The extent to which a job requires the worker to perform everything needed to complete the job from beginning to end A: Skill variety B: Task identity C: Task significance D: Autonomy E: Feedback

B: Task identity

A survey showed that while most employees were pleased with the company's advancement opportunities and merit system, they were dissatisfied with factors such as pay scale and sharing an office with someone they disliked. These results exemplify which theory of motivation? A: Self-determination theory B: Two-factor theory C: Acquired needs theory D: Hierarchy of needs theory

B: Two-factor theory

The economic or protective potential of employee experience, actions, and knowledge is referred to as ______. A: worker skill B: human capital C: reimbursement D: employee development

B: human capital

The use of reinforcement theory to change human behavior is called behavior ______. A: consequence B: modification C: challenge D: focus

B: modification

Contingency factors refer to the degree to which individuals want ______. A: motivation and job satisfaction B: personal and psychological development C: task identity and significance D: autonomy and trust

B: personal and psychological development

A pay-for-performance plan in which employees are paid according to their productivity is referred to as ______. A: profit sharing B: piece rate C: gainsharing D: commission

B: piece rate

Sales representatives are paid a percentage of the earnings the company made from their sales in the form of a ______. A: benefit B: sales commission C: stock option D: bonus

B: sales commission

According to the job characteristics model, the extent to which a job requires the job holder to use a wide range of different talents and abilities is known as ______. A: task significance B: skill variety C: autonomy D: task identity

B: skill variety

After you identify a long-term goal, what is the second step in developing career readiness? A: Create a to-do list for accomplishing short-term goals. B: Prioritize the tasks you need to complete to reach your goal. C: Break your long-term goal into several short-term goals. D: Work the plan, and reward yourself for reaching certain milestones.

C: Break your long-term goal into several short-term goals.

Weakening a behavior by ignoring it or making sure it is not reinforced A: POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT B: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT C: EXTINCTION D: PUNISHMENT

C: EXTINCTION

The concept of fitting jobs to people is based on what ideas? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Employees can only handle a limited number of tasks. B: Employees will eventually adapt to their positions. C: Employees are underutilized. D: Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

C: Employees are underutilized. D: Employees want more responsibility, challenges, and variety.

What theory asserts that motivation is essentially a decision about how much effort to exert to get what you want in a particular situation? A: Justice B: Goal-setting C: Expectancy D: Behavioral

C: Expectancy

Which theory suggests that employees can be motivated by objectives that are specific and challenging but achievable and that have rewards tailored to individual needs? A: Alderfer's ERG theory B: Equity theory C: Goal-setting theory D: Expectancy theory

C: Goal-setting theory

Which of the following focuses on five core job characteristics that affect the psychological states of an employee, which in turn affect work outcomes? A: Pay for knowledge B: Expectancy theory C: Job characteristics model D: Reinforcement theory

C: Job characteristics model

What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Job equalization B: Job elimination C: Job enrichment D: Job enlargement

C: Job enrichment D: Job enlargement

Which statements about motivation are true? (Choose every correct answer.) A: Because motivation comes from within, it cannot be understood. B: Motivation is easy to see in another person. C: Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. D: Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.

C: Multiple contextual and personal factors create motivation. D: Motivation can only be inferred from a person's behavior.

Merilee is a seamstress in a garment factory, and she is paid $10 for each skirt she produces. What compensation plan does this describe? A: Commission B: Gainsharing C: Piece rate D: Pay-for-knowledge

C: Piece rate

The extent to which a job affects the lives of others, whether inside or outside the organization A: Skill variety B: Task identity C: Task significance D: Autonomy E: Feedback

C: Task significance

Elaine surpassed her sales goal and earned a small cash award for her strong performance. This is an example of a ______. A: pay for performance program B: profit-sharing program C: bonus program D: pay for knowledge program

C: bonus program

Dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories to increase employee satisfaction are the two components of job ______. A: simplification B: enlargement C: design D: enrichment

C: design

Scientific ______ is the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs. A: design B: analysis C: management D: enrichment

C: management

To be successful, an incentive compensation plan must be ______. A: complex B: percentage-based C: measurable D: original

C: measurable

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are called ______. A: problems B: theories C: needs D: processes

C: needs

The extent to which a job allows the worker to make choices about scheduling different tasks and/or deciding how to perform them A: Skill variety B: Task identity C: Task significance D: Autonomy E: Feedback

D: Autonomy

How does self-motivation fit into the career readiness model? A: It represents knowledge. B: It is a soft skill. C: It is at the core. D: It is an attitude.

D: It is an attitude.

Weakening a behavior by presenting something negative or withholding something positive A: POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT B: NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT C: EXTINCTION D: PUNISHMENT

D: PUNISHMENT

The fact that research shows that 25% of workers are burned out, and 44% more are burned out occasionally suggests that workers are neglecting what? A: Maintaining consistent focus B: Meeting goals each day C: Practicing self-direction D: Recharging each day

D: Recharging each day

Which core job characteristic describes the extent to which a job requires the worker to perform all of the tasks needed to complete the job from beginning to end? A: Task significance B: Skill variety C: Autonomy D: Task identity

D: Task identity

Why should you break your most important long-term goal into many short-term goals? A: It is unlikely you will ever reach your long-term goal, but this will allow you to at least reach some goals. B: Achieving a short-term goal is a much bigger challenge than achieving a long-term goal. C: Employers do not want employees to have long-term goals, because it interferes with their ability to work. D: You are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals.

D: You are more likely to achieve a long-term goal if you break it down into smaller goals.

Louisa is a real estate salesperson. When she sells a house, she earns a sales ______ equal to 6 percent of the sales price of the house. A: call B: quota C: profit sharing D: commission

D: commission

In equity theory, the education, experience, and skills that individuals contribute to their organizations are examples of ______. A: comparisons B: motivations C: outputs D: inputs

D: inputs

Pay for performance, basing pay on one's results, is also known as ______ pay. A: profit B: gainsharing C: bonus D: merit

D: merit

The psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior are collectively called ______. A: organization B: leadership C: influence D: motivation

D: motivation

The distribution to employees of a percentage of the company's profits is known as ______. A: gainsharing B: stock options C: sales commissions D: profit sharing

D: profit sharing

The theory of motivation that asserts that people are driven to try to grow and attain fulfillment, with their behavior and well-being influenced by the three innate needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness, is known as the ______ theory. A: acquired needs B: two-factor C: hierarchy of needs D: self-determination

D: self-determination

One survey found that about half of U.S. adults would be willing to take a 10% pay cut if it meant ______. A: working fewer hours B: having more flexible hours and days off C: getting a promotion D: working at a job they found meaningful

D: working at a job they found meaningful

The extent to which workers receive clear, direct information about how well they are performing the job A: Skill variety B: Task identity C: Task significance D: Autonomy E: Feedback

E: Feedback

True or false: Money is the best motivator. True False

FALSE