MGMT 310 - chapter 14
he Situational Leadership Model identifies _______ leadership styles based on followers' performance readiness
4
Which term describes the leader that establishes high expectations for subordinates?
Achievement-oriented
A company that is concerned with operational efficiency practices which management style?
Authority-compliance
Which theory states that leaders should be matched to a situation in which they are best suited to maximize work group performance?
Contingency
What term refers to a leader's consistency in handling their reactions with employees?
Emotional stability
Which subordinate contingency represents the accumulated job knowledge a subordinate possesses?
Experience
_________ theory: leaders should be matched to a situation in which they are best suited to maximize work group performance.
Fielders contingency
self-confidence refers to
Individuals that display leadership & believe in their abilities to accomplish tasks
Which term refers to the degree to which a leader constructs follower roles and establishes direction?
Initiating structure
___________ is the degree to which a leader constructs follower roles by establishing goals, providing direction, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks
Job-centered leadership (or initiating structure)
What type of scale measures the coworker relationship that is the greatest challenge?
LPC
leaders possess a _________ view of the strategic success of the firm and they work with managers to accomplish _____________ operational goals (options: long-term, short-term)
Long-term, short-term
Which type of individual coordinates the day-to-day operations of organizational departments? 1. Manager 2. Leader 3. Employee 4. Shareholder
Manager
For which aspect of a business is a manager accountable? 1. Productivity 2. Mission 3. Strategy 4. Vision
Productivity
Hersey and Blanchard's theory:
Situational Leadership theory
What leadership style represents high task behavior and low relationship behavior?
Telling
Drive refers to
a leader's achievement, motivation, initiative, energy, and tenacity that facilitate high degrees of effort and performance
Leader-member relations describes the extent to which
a leaders' followers respect, trust, and like their leaders
Subordinate satisfaction is the extent to which
a subordinate is pleased with their job and supervisor
Performance readiness is the
ability and willingness to accept responsibility for self-directing one's work and actions in the workplace
Experience represents the
accumulated job knowledge a subordinate possesses
Relationship-oriented leaders with high LPC scores tend to
achieve more effective group performance in moderately favorable situations
middle of the road management
adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the need to get out work done with maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level
Psychological readiness is
an individual's confidence in their ability to get their job don
The formal authority system is
an organization's procedures, rules, and policies
participative leadership, the leader
asks subordinates for their input as part of the decision-making process
efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree
authority compliance
Leader decision making and acceptance of group decisions is considered on a continuum from what 3 type of decisions?
autocratic decisions (AI or AII) to consultative decisions (CI or CII), to group decisions (GII)
Flexible leaders tend to
balance relationships with tasks to ensure both are treated as equally important
Flexible leaders with moderate LPC scores tend to
be able to adapt behavior to a variety of situations and perform well.
Task-oriented leaders with low LPC scores tend to
be better leaders in both unfavorable and highly favorable situations
Relationship-oriented leaders focus on
building friendships with coworkers
Normative decision theory suggests how leaders
can engage employees in making decisions at an appropriate level
conditions for path-goal theory are
clarifying the path to goal achievement, clearing the path of obstacles that could prevent subordinates from reaching goals, and providing rewards and incentives for goal attainment
Task-oriented leaders consider
completion of jobs to be the most important consideration, even at the expense of relationships
Employee-centered leadership is also referred to as
consideration
emotional stability refers to
consistent in handling their emotions in ways that are fair to others and professional in their outlook
thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo
country club management
A ________ leadership style represents low task behavior and low relationship behavior.
delegating
Supportive leadership is a style in which the leader
develops relationships with subordinates, shows concern for their welfare, treats them as equal coworkers, and creates a friendly work environment
Path-goal theory four leadership styles:
directive, supportive, participative, and achievement-oriented.
traits or characteristics of effective leaders (there are 6)
drive, honesty, integrity, self-confidence, emotional stability, cognitive abilities, and business knowledge
Leadership trait theory indicates that
effective leaders possess a group of personal characteristics that make them successful
Situational leadership theory suggests that
effective leadership depends on the context
authority compliance
efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere to a minimum degree
Achievement-oriented leadership is a style in which the leader
establishes high expectations for subordinates, sets stretch goals, and expresses confidence in subordinates' abilities to accomplish tasks through self-directed responsibility and committed effort
improverished management
exertion of minimum effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership
Position power is defined as the
extent to which leaders are able to use their positional authority to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.
Subordinates who believe that external factors are in control of their destiny are working from an ________ locus of control.
external
true or false leaders manage the day-to-day operations of the individual departments or business units of the organization
false
integrity refers to
following-through on promises
Leadership is
he process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals
exertion of minimum effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership
improverished management
Job-centered leadership is also referred to as
initiating structure
Subordinates that believe that what happens to them is a result of their choices are working from an __________ locus of control
internal
Which type of readiness consists of the amount of knowledge and skill a worker possesses when performing their tasks?
job
Performance readiness conciders/measure both ______ and ____________
job and psychological preparedness
two specific behaviors critical to a firm's success
job-centered leadership or concern for production & employee-centered leadership or concern for people
Subordinate contingencies
leader behaviors that are adapted to the characteristics of subordinates
Three factors determine the level of favorableness of a situation:
leader-member relations, task structure, and position power
Path-goal theory states that
leaders can increase subordinates' job satisfaction and performance by removing obstacles to goal achievement & by increasing rewards for meeting organizational objectives
Situational theory states that
leaders should adjust their leadership styles to match their followers' readiness
fielders contingency theory states that
leaders should be matched to a situation in which they are best suited to maximize work group performance.
__________ work with _________ to accomplish the firm's goals and objectives
leaders, managers
________ involves leaders, managers, and employees to accomplish a firm's vision.
leadership
LPC is used to measure
leadership style and situational favorableness based on leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.
Fielder's contingency theory considers the __________ scale
least preferred coworker (LPC)
___________ are accountable for controlling the productivity and efficiency of their employees
managers
______________ control the implementation of actions and tasks needed to accomplish the success of the organization
managers
adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the need to get out work done with maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level
middle of the road management
The ______ theory states that leaders can increase subordinates' job satisfaction and performance by removing obstacles.
path-goal
The Blake/Mouton Leadership Grid categorizes leadership styles based on leaders' concern for _________ and concern for __________.
people, production
Subordinate contingencies include
perceived ability, experience, and locus of control
Managers are accountable for controlling the __________ & ____________ of their employees
productivity, efficiency
The LPC leadership styles are _________, __________, and ___________
relationship-oriented, task-oriented, and flexible
Subordinate performance refers to the
results of an individual's effort on a task
Matching leadership styles to situations requires evaluating
situational favorableness with the LPC scores
The two primary outcomes in path-goal theory:
subordinate performance and subordinate satisfaction
path-goal theory involves leadership styles that are adapted to _________ and __________ contingencies to achieve outcomes
subordinate, environmental
Environmental contingencies include
task structure, the formal authority system, and the primary work group
A _______ leader considers completion of jobs to be the most important consideration.
task-oriented
work accomplishment is from committed people; interdependence through a common stake in organization purpose leads to relationships of trust and respect
team management
business knowledge refers to
the ability to analyze complex data and identify patters, such as strengths, weakness, opportunities, & threats, & process this information using a deep knowledge of business and technology
Job readiness consists of
the amount of knowledge, skill, ability, and experience individuals possess when performing their tasks
A primary work group refers to
the amount of participation or emotional support provided by the subordinate's immediate work group
Locus of control is
the belief that subordinates have control over situations
Environmental contingencies are
the context in which leadership takes place in an organization
Job-centered leadership/initiating structure is
the degree to which a leader constructs follower roles by establishing goals, providing direction, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks
Situational favorableness is
the degree to which a workplace situation permits or does not permit a leader to influence followers
Task structure is
the degree to which the task requirements of a subordinate's job are clearly defined.
Employee-centered leadership / consideration is
the extent to which a leader shows concern and support for employees
Task structure is
the extent to which a subordinate's tasks are clearly defined
Leaders work with managers to accomplish?
the firm's goals and objectives
Perceived ability is
the level of ability subordinates believe they bring to a task
Country Club Management
thoughtful attention to the needs of people for satisfying relationships leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo
Which element of the firm's direction guides leaders for future goals? 1. Vision 2. Risks 3. Past 4. Mission
vision
A leadership style describes a
visionary's behavior toward others
In directive leadership, the leader communicates to subordinates
what is expected of them to achieve a goal, what guidelines need to be met, when work is scheduled, what the standards of work are, and ensures compliance with rules and regulations
Team Management
work accomplishment is from committed people; interdependence through a common stake in organization purpose leads to relationships of trust and respect
