MGMT 3720 Chapters 14-18
In the text exhibit on Kotter's eight step plan for implementing change, which of Kotter's eight steps to overcome change problems align with Lewin's unfreezing stage?
1,2,3,4
Approximately, which of the following percentages of employees now fit the traditional "one benefits plan fits all" program?
10%
Diverse input is best found in groups of more than ________________.
12
What percentage of organizations globally offer a variable-pay plan in some form?
80%
Strategic recruiting is seen as
A cornerstone
A discrepancy between the desired state of affairs and the current state of affairs is defined as __________.
A problem
Substantive selection methods include
A structured interview
Which of the following best describes the difference between a terminal value and an instrumental value?
A terminal value refers to a desirable end state; an instrumental value refers to behavior that helps achieve that end state.
Zachary has been a salesclerk at a cell phone store for ten years. Which of the following is most likely true? a. zachary is resistant to workplace stress b. zachary is suffering from family stress c. zachary is highly susceptible to workplace stress d. zachary is suffering from economic stress e. zachary's experience has no effect on his susceptibility to workplace stress
A. Zachary is resistant to workplace stress
It is common for the employer to ask questions that the applicant should complete when filling out an employment application. Which of the following is an employer allowed to ask? a. a photo of the applicant b. an applicant's prior arrest records c. an applicant's sex for Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and Affirmative Action purposes d. an applicant's race for EEOC and Affirmative Action purposes e. an applicant's nationality for EEOC and Affirmative Action purposes
A. a photo of the applicant
Which of the following types of change specifically applies to improving a product or service? a. innovation b. termination transformational c. evolution d. outsourcing e. planned
A. innovation
Newer technology based recruiting techniques include all of the following except a. phone interviews b. social media c. online job boards d. networking tools e. games
A. phone interviews
Which of the following is an example of an individual approach to dealing with stress? a. scheduling activities based on priorities b. hold frequent meetings c. increase employee involvement d. wellness programs e. increase formal organizational communication
A. scheduling activities based on priorities
Initial selection criteria determine which of the following? a. whether an applicant meets basic qualification criteria b. whether an applicant has proper ethical skills c. whether an applicant passes a background check d. whether an applicant should be hired e. whether an applicant passes a drug test
A. whether an applicant meets basic qualification criteria
Self-serving behavior within an organization can be lessened by improving _________________.
Accountability
Which of the following best describes the difference between achievement striving and dutifulness?
Achievement-striving people work harder to forestall failure, while dutiful people might give up on something if they think it's best for the organization
The context component of effective teams includes which of the following?
Adequate resources
The negative effects of downsizing can be reduced by
Allowing employees to participate
One general drawback of groups is ___________.
Ambiguous responsibility
Due to a sales decline, Traci, the Human Resources Director at Oakley Corporation, must lay off Brandt, an employee with about ten years of service, who had plans on retiring from the firm someday. Track hopes to leave a favorable impression of Oakley with Brandt, and in order to do so Traci should arrange for
An exit interview with Brandt before his termination
Often the opinion that the interviewer holds about an applicant is formed very early in the interview, even if additional questions and responses reveal that the initial impressions are not accurate. If the interviewer has a tendency to fixate on initial information and fails to adequately adjust for subsequent information, he/she would be experiencing ______________.
Anchoring bias
You are acting to help resolve a conflict by creating a settlement. You have the power to dictate an agreement and force a resolution. What role are you acting as?
Arbitrator
In the preparation and planning step of the negotiation process you should
Assess what you think the other's party goals
You are concerned that teamwork takes more time and more resources than assigning individual workers to complete the same task. What should you consider before making a decision to ensure team effectiveness?
Assess whether the work requires or will benefit from a collective effort and provide adequate resources
Under social learning theory, what four processes influence a model's impact on individual behavior?
Attentional, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement
Resistance doesn't necessarily surface in standardized ways. Which of the following would be an example of a deferred resistance? a. loss of loyalty and motivation b. absenteeism and increased turnover c. improvements to morale and productivity d. a work slowdown or strike threat e. employee complaints
B. absenteeism and increased turnover
Which of the following is NOT a function of culture? a. it conveys a sense of identity for organization members b. culture dictates organizational structure and defines the appropriate management style to be used for various levels of employees c. culture has a boundary-defining role: it creates distinctions between one organization and others d. culture facilitates commitment to something larger than individual self-interest e. it is a sense-making and control mechanism that guides and shapes employees' attitudes and behavior
B. culture dictates organizational structure and defines the appropriate management style to be used for various levels of employees
Which of the following is a difference between civility and ethics? a. civility may be learned as an adult, but ethics may not b. ethics is based on values, but civility is based on respect c. ethics prevents bullying, but civility does not d. civility is based on values, but ethics is based on respect e. ethics may be learned as an adult, but civility may not
B. ethics is based on values, but civility is based on respect
Changes in the nature of the workplace that require organizations to change with them would include which of the following? a. shrinking budgets b. outsourcing c. social responsibility d. networking tools e. technology changes
B. outsourcing
Which of the following is the degree to which activities are organized around teams rather than individuals? a. people orientation b. team orientation c. innovation and risk taking d. attention to detail e. stability
B. team orientation
Which of the following is an example of an unplanned change? a. a local bank which works to acquire additional branches b. the implementation of a new flexible work schedule the week after meeting with department managers on engagement survey results c. an engine manufacturer who plans the production of a new and improved electric engine d. a company that plans the addition of several global business sites e. a bakery which installs new equipment to expand into the next storefront within the next 18 minutes
B. the implementation of a new flexible work schedule the week after meeting with department managers on engagement survey results
Although individuals are unique, some generational values seem to exist based on research. According to the text, the dominant work values of success, achievement, and ambition are most often associated with which generation?
Baby boomers
Why are work teams popular in organizations today?
Because none of us is as smart as all of us.
With respect to the employee evaluation process, the acronym BARS stands for
Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales
You are an HR manager and you want to foster the enhancement of a spiritual organization. Which of the following would you say will differentiate spiritual organizations from their nonspiritual counterparts?
Benevolence, strong sense of purpose, trust and respect, and open-mindedness
BATNA in the negotiation process refers to
Best alternative to a negotiated agreement
Multi team systems tend to perform better when they have ______________.
Boundary spanners
_____________ refers to engaging with others outside of an assigned department or group
Boundary spanning
The ________ seeks to eliminate the chain of command, have limitless span of control, and replace departments with empowered teams
Boundaryless organization
Consuela has decided that it is time for a new car. To begin the buying process, Consuela carefully reviews the local newspaper for any dealer sales and then looks at the "for sale by owner" section of the newspaper. She then narrows the search to a few local dealerships that she hopes will be willing to negotiate on the price. This is an example of _____________.
Bounded rationality
Most people respond to a complex problem by reducing it to a level they can readily understand. Many problems don't have an optimal solution because they are too complicated to fit the rational decision making model, so people satisfice--they seek solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. If you were to make a decision by reducing it to a level you can readily understand, you would be experiencing ______________.
Bounded rationality
An organization with many routine tasks, very specialized, formal rules, and a narrow span of control would be considered what type of structure?
Bureaucracy
Which of the following best describes the difference between a hindrance and a challenge? a. a hindrance is an organizational issue that causes stress, whereas a challenge is a social issue that causes stress b. a hindrance is an economic issue that causes stress, whereas a challenge is a political issue that causes stress c. a hindrance is an administrative issue that causes stress, whereas a challenge is a task or time issue that causes stress d. a hindrance is a task or time issue that causes stress, whereas a challenge is an administrative issue that causes stress e. a hindrance is a social issue that causes stress, whereas a challenge is an organizational issue that causes stress
C. a hindrance is an administrative issue that causes stress, whereas a challenge is a task or time issue that causes stress
Which of the following is NOT a step in the negotiation process? a. closure and implementation b. clarification and justification c. bargaining and negotiation d. definition of ground rules e. preparation and planning
C. bargaining and negotiation
Which of the following describes the difference between a behavior and a trait? a. behavior refers to an employee's skills, whereas traits refer to an employee's habits b. behavior refers to an employee's effectiveness, whereas traits refer to an employee's efficiency c. behavior refers to an employee's actions, whereas traits refer to an employee's attitude d. behavior refers to an employee's attitude, whereas traits refer to an employee's actions e. behavior refers to an employee's ethics, whereas traits refer to an employee's civility
C. behavior refers to an employee's actions, whereas traits refer to an employee's attitude
Which of the following would you say is true in today's organizations? a. the most effective environments are made up of rigid hierarchies that limit employees' autonomy to reduce costs b. consider the size, location, and complexity of the environment, and balance the organic and bureaucratic elements when designing an organizational structure. c. downsize your organization to realize major cost savings and focus the company around core competencies, but only if necessary, because downsizing can have a significant negative influence on employee affect d. specialization can be burdensome and expensive for operations, but remember that excessive specialization can create satisfaction and increased employee motivation e. balance the advantages of virtual and boundaryless organizations against the additional expense of the rigors of a bureaucratic system. flexible workplace options can have a negative effect on all employees working within the organization
C. downsize your organization to realize major cost savings and focus the company around core competencies, but only if necessary, because downsizing can have a significant negative influence on employee affect.
Which of the following is not a stage in the conflict process? a. outcomes b. behavior c. potential compatibility d. personalization e. intentions
C. potential compatibility
Which of the following is an example of disruptive bargaining? a. a negotiation with your friend on who will drive to the concert. your friend decides to drive and you offer half the gas money b. a local union and management negotiation where both sides lay all cards on the table up front. c. you see a house you love. you put in an offer, the owner counters back, and the two of you finally settle on a price. d. a negotiation with a customer that has proven to be difficult and ongoing, where both sides have been open with information and concerns e. a negotiation with your child where you get them to spend more time on homework by offering a reward of a movie afterward which you've also wanted to see
C. you see a house you love. you put in an offer, the owner counters back, and the two of you finally settle on a price
Core self-evaluations (CSEs) represent the conclusions that people have reached about their __________, _________, and _________.
Capabilities, competencies, self-worth
A structure with the CEO in the middle, and then rings of functional managers, specialists, and workers would be considered what type of structure?
Circular
Diana had been approached by her manager several times recently because co-workers had complained that she was abrasive and was constantly pointing out work flaws made by a member of the team in team meetings. Which type of training might be useful in this case?
Civility
If you've worked with someone whose positive attitude inspired you to do your best, or with a lackluster team that drained your motivation, you've experienced the effects of
Climate
Members of effective teams trust each other. They also exhibit trust in their leaders. Interpersonal trust among team members facilitates cooperation, reduces the need to monitor each other's behavior, and bonds members around the belief that others on the team won't take advantage of them. Team members are more likely to take risks and expose vulnerabilities when they believe they can trust others on their team. Which of the following is the best indicator of trust between team members?
Cohesiveness
You are a manager who has run into some conflict between two of your departments. Both departments are overworked and complaining that the other department has it easier. You need these departments to work together to come up with a solution and remain on good terms. Which strategy do you use?
Collaboration
Margaret had been having issues with her co-worker Lupe for some time now. At first, she tried talking to her but things didn't improve Lupe's aggression. Finally Margaret decided that the only way to stop Lupe's aggression was to report her to the supervisor and HR, even though she knew it would most likely cost Lupe the promotion they were both going after. Margaret's intent appears to fall under what strategy?
Competing
Jamal has been tasked with putting together a new team for a new Starbucks project line. As Jamal thinks through the components that will make his team effective, he considers both how many members need to be on the team and the various abilities that the team members need in order to complete the project. Jamal is concerned with team ______________
Composition
Which strategy is harmful when trying to negotiate a win-win agreement?
Compromise
You are acting to help resolve a conflict by creating a settlement. Both parties trust you and you are providing a communication link between the opponent and the negotiator. What role are you acting as?
Conciliator
In evaluating the effectiveness of team diversity on team performance and turnover, member turnover in a team is likely to be higher when ___________.
Conflict is high
When Sue noticed that Henrique was constantly smiling at her, attribution theory suggests that Sue determined whether Henrique's behavior was externally or internally caused by reviewing distinctiveness, consistency, and _____________.
Consensus
Which power tactic tends to be among the most effective?
Consultation
Which of the following benefits plans includes essential benefits and a menu-like selection of others from which employees can select?
Core-plus plans
Strategy frameworks focus on what dimensions?
Cost minimization, innovation and imitation
Formal appraisal would be more popular in which type of country?
Countries high in assertiveness
Teams commonly used by companies like Toyota, Ford, and Cisco which can coordinate complex projects are known as _____________ teams
Cross-functional
Apex motors created a team of individuals from production, global PR, global communications, and US marketing to develop its new Solarity hybrid car. The team's suggestions resulted in a product that would be cost-effective to produce and distribute, and that was marketed through a tightly integrated, multifaceted strategy. This example illustrates the use of _____________.
Cross-functional teams
Although employee involvement and participation (EIP) programs are valuable, researchers caution that organizations should modify their involvement program practices dependent on _____________.
Culture
Which of the following is most likely an example of a matrix organization? a. MGM studios b. a small restaurant run by the chef owner c. the IRS office in downtown Oklahoma d. a college of business administration at a university in Texas e. a Macy's department store in New York
D. a college of business administration at a university in Texas
Which of the following is used as a common denominator to unite members of a given culture? a. material symbols b. stories c. societal norms d. language e. rituals
D. language
Which of the following is considered a basic skill? a. ethics b. design c. management d. math e. training
D. math
Tactics to overcome resistance include which of the following? a. layoffs b. security c. economic increases d. participation e. habit
D. participation
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a learning organization? a. there exists a shared vision that everyone agrees on b. members think of all organizational processes, activities, functions, and interactions with the environment as part of a system of interrelationships c. people sublimate their personal self-interest and fragmented departmental interests to work together to achieve the organization's shared vision d. people who hold strong to their old ways of thinking and the standard routines they use for solving problems or doing their jobs e. people openly communicate with each other (across vertical and horizontal boundaries) without fear of criticism or punishment
D. people hold strong to their old ways of thinking and the standard routines they use for solving problems or doing their jobs
Which of the following is a symptom of stress? a. procrastination b. heart disease c. job dissatisfaction d. sleep disorder e. high blood pressure
D. sleep disorder
An organization which solves problems quickly, uses many ideas, and within which employees feel less alienated is likely to be
Decentralized
Items such as where the negotiation will take place and what issues will be covered, occur in which step in the negotiation process?
Definition of ground rules
The element of organizational structure which groups activities by the functions performed is called
Departmentalization
Cultural differences impact decision making, and cultures differ in terms of all of the following except ___________.
Depth of analysis
Managers who try and build trust with employees before implementing change are focusing on which tactic designed to overcome resistance to change?
Developing positive relationships
Amalia really wanted that new position at work and knew that in order to get it she would have to increase her skill set and shadow her fellow worker, Stan, to learn some new processes. However, every time Amalia decided that she had a few minutes to shadow Stan she would get caught up in something else and the opportunity would pass. Amalia's failure to shadow Stan so far speaks to her __________________.
Direction
Which of the following best describes the difference between distinctiveness and consistency?
Distinctiveness tries to determine whether there is a pattern of behavior in different situations; consistency tries to determine whether there is a pattern of behavior in the same situation
A force that directs behavior away from the status quo is known as
Driving force
According to the punctuated-equilibrium model, when does market acceleration of activity occur?
During the group's last meeting
Conflict that approaches the top range of the conflict continuum is almost always ___________
Dysfunctional
Paul and Roberta were meeting with their team for what seemed like the 20th time in an attempt to come together on how the project should be done. Although some team members wanted to take a long-term approach to the solution, others thought a short-term approach would be best so the team could move on. Several fights had already broken out among the team and several members were barely speaking to each other outside of the team meetings. This would be considered which type of conflict?
Dysfunctional
Which of the following statements describes the matrix structure? a. It is not elaborate or flat, and usually has only two or three vertical levels, a loose body of employees, and one individual in whom the decision making authority is centralized. b. it creates the unity-of-command concept in which employees have three bosses, functional, departmental, and product managers c. it is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans, of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization d. it is the degree to which jobs within an organization are standardized e. it creates dual lines of authority and combines functional and product departmentalization
E. It creates dual lines of authority and combines functional and product departmentalization
Which of the following statements about culture is false? a. in a strong culture, the organization's core values are both intensely held and widely shared. the more members there are who accept the core values and the greater their commitment, the stronger the culture and the greater its influence on member behavior b. a strong culture should reduce employee turnover because it demonstrates high agreement about what the organization represents. such unanimity of purpose builds cohesiveness, loyalty, and organizational commitment. these qualities, in turn, lessen employees' propensity to leave c. culture conveys a sense of identity for organization members d. individual--organization "fit"--that is, whether the applicant's or employee's attitudes and behavior are compatible with the culture--strongly influences who gets a job offer, a favorable performance review, or a promotion e. a movement toward more centralized organizations makes culture more important than ever, and easier than it had been in the past
E. a movement toward more centralized organizations make culture more important than ever, and easier than it had been in the past
The initial selection process might include which of the following? a. training b. interviews c. committee review d. follow up e. application
E. application
Which of the following is a characteristic of a learning organization? a. double loop learning b. lots of rules and processes c. strong top leadership d. thorough establishment of a strategy e. discarding old ways of thinking
E. discarding old ways of thinking
Contingent selection processes would include which of the following? a. background check b. written tests c. interviews d. initial application e. drug tests
E. drug tests
Which of the following is NOT true about a virtual organization? a. it minimizes bureaucratic because there is no lasting organization to maintain b. it is usually a small, core organization that outsources its major functions c. it lessens long-term risks and their costs d. it can enable each project to be staffed with the talent best suited to its demands e. it increases long-term risks and costs because the projects are usually long-term
E. it increases long-term risks and costs because the projects are usually long-term
Tyler plays basketball with his friends twice a week. Which of the following stress reduction techniques is he employing? a. social networking b. redesign c. relaxation d. placement e. physical exercise
E. physical exercise
Which of the following is a difference between a psychological and a physiological symptom of stress? a. psychological symptoms of stress manifest in changing health, whereas physiological symptoms of stress manifest in changing attitudes b. psychological symptoms of stress manifest in changing behavior, whereas physiological symptoms of stress manifest in changing health c. psychological symptoms of stress manifest in changing health, whereas physiological symptoms of stress manifest in changing behavior d. psychological symptoms of stress manifest in changing attitudes, whereas physiological symptoms of stress manifest in changing behavior e. psychological symptoms of stress manifest in changing attitudes, whereas physiological symptoms of stress manifest in changing health
E. psychological symptoms of stress manifest in changing attitudes, whereas physiological symptoms of stress manifest in changing health
Organizational culture is sustained by which of the following forces? a. process improvement b. global diversity c. leadership turnover d. new product development e. selection
E. selection
Problem-solving skills do which of the following? a. improve citizenship b. develop conformity c. increase counter-productivity d. destroy camraderie e. sharpen reasoning
E. sharpen reasoning
Which of the following describes the difference between time-based and money-based work-life management strategies? a. time-based strategies provide employees with additional benefits, whereas money-based strategies remove face-time restrictions on employees b. time-based strategies provide employees with services, whereas money-based strategies remove face-time restrictions on employees c. time-based strategies provide employees with valuable information, whereas money-based strategies attempt to change corporate culture d. time-based strategies attempt to change corporate culture, whereas money-based strategies provide employees with valuable information e. time-based strategies remove face-time restrictions with employees, whereas money-based strategies provide employees with additional benefits
E. time-based strategies remove face-time restrictions on employees, whereas money-based strategies provide employees with additional benefits
Annette has been told that she is critical, skeptical, determined, and sometimes stubborn. She has also been told that she has great drive and an original mind. Annette might best be described by the MBTI as an ____________.
ESTJ
Ahmed was tasked with building a new team at the bank which would examine both customer employee satisfaction. In recent months, both customer satisfaction and the general mood of employees had been declining. Ahmed felt that there were a lot of issues that had to do with some new policies from corporate and some recent management changes and doubted that any of the ideas that this team would come up with would actually be implemented. His doubt in what the team could accomplish speaks to the team's _______________.
Efficacy
In order to help minimize the impact of stress, some companies use EAP. EAP stands for
Employee assistance programs
Sunshine Automotive Company recently implemented a benefit plan in which employees acquire stock in Sunshine Automotive at a reduced price as part of their benefits. This is commonly known as a(n) _______________.
Employee stock purchase plan
What might be a reason that managers avoid formal performance feedback to employees if they can?
Employees can become defensive
Equity Theory
Employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions.
Removing barriers would fall under which of Kotter's steps to implement change
Empowering others
A manager desires to increase the cohesiveness and productivity of project teams. What should he do for the groups?
Encourage team members to spend more time interacting
The rational model of decision making uses all of the following steps except _______________.
Engaging the stakeholders
The HR and legal departments are getting several reports that a few employees are experiencing mental and physical harassment. What actions should be taken to resolve this?
Ensure that the offenders are disciplined or terminated
An organization's ECI is defined as its
Ethical climate index
National and organizational cultures may clash when it comes to
Ethics
The belief that this type of training does not have a long-term effect on values is a criticism to what type of training?
Ethics
Flexible benefit plans are most closely aligned with which motivational theory?
Expectancy theory
A side-effect of diversity within groups might be ________________.
Faultlines
Which of the following identifies a culture with little distinction between male and female roles?
Feminine
Gertrude prefers rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities. According to Holland's personality-job fit theory, which of the following jobs would suit her best?
File clerk
What might be an advantage of a virtual structure?
Flexibility allows for innovative ideas
_________________ increases take-home pay because employees are not taxed on dollars spent from these accounts.
Flexible spending plans
Pam works at an organization that has a number of international offices where she and her fellow team members service select accounts. Because of this, Pam and the rest of her team have differing hours which are available to them. Although Pam and the rest of the team have core hours from 11 am to 3 pm that they must be in the office, Pam was able to choose the rest of her 4 hours each day that worked best for her. This is an example of ______________.
Flextime
Team Red has a few members who are high individual performers, but not very good team players. What can be done to help them be more cooperative and collaborative?
Focus training on team building skills and provide incentives for team efforts
An organization's dominant culture
Focuses on the core values shared by members of the organization
Power based on position would be considered _____________ power.
Formal
An individual orientation in terms of culture is more likely to value
Formal feedback
Suppose an organization needs to create 30 teams of 4 people each and has 60 highly conscientious people and 60 who score low on conscientiousness. Which of the following suggestions for team selection would be best in this situation?
Forming 10 teams of highly conscientious people and 10 teams of members low on conscientiousness
Laissez-faire, transactional, and transformational leadership styles are part of which leadership model?
Full range leadership model
Two or more individuals who interact and are interdependent are considered to be a __________.
Group
Umberto and Keisha have both been members of their organization's computer services group for over a year. During that time, the group has been trying to decide whether to go with a Microsoft server for email or another email system. There has been much debate back and forth with no resolution. Although Umberto and Keisha both believe that there are better alternatives, the group leader and manager of the department is really pushing for the Microsoft server and so despite some misgivings, they agree with the decision to go with the Microsoft server. This is an example of _________________.
Groupthink
When Ahmed arrived at work on Monday, he noticed that there were several new employees that had been hired. One of the new hires seemed to be rather loud and without the benefit of walls, the sound really carried. Based on his behavior, Ahmed assumed that this new employee was also likely to be quite outgoing and probably ask a lot of questions. Ahmed reaching this conclusion is an example of ______________.
Halo effect
You have one beanbag and five targets set up in front of you, each farther away than the last. Target A sits almost within arm's reach. If you hit it, you get $2. Target B is a bit father out, but about 80% of the people who try can hit it. It pays $4. Target C pays $8, and about half the people who try can hit it. Very few people can hit Target D, but the payoff is $16 for those who do. Finally, Target E pays $32, but it's almost impossible to achieve. Which would you try for? According to McClelland's Theory of Needs, if you selected C, you're likely to ___________.
Have a high need for achievement
A significant experiment conducted on norms and behaviors are known as the ________________.
Hawthorne Studies
Solomon feels it is important to protect the environment. He works for a non-profit environmental advocacy agency. Which of the following is most likely true of him?
He has high job engagement
Factors that are determined at conception are known as ___________.
Heredity
If we assume that intrinsic motivation can increase employee motivation, while extrinsic rewards such as pay or vacation can only increase or decrease satisfaction, which motivational theory does this align with?
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
Researchers have indicated that entrepreneurs exhibit ____________.
High conscientiousness
When Vicki washes her clothes, she leaves her clean clothes in the dryer instead of folding and putting them away. Which of the following is she exhibiting?
High consistency
Suppose you were building a team to create a new project for Fort Motor Company. The most effective team might contain members who were ___________________.
High in task conflict
When engaging in a team activity at work, Sean was very encouraging and cheered on the members of his division as they worked together to accomplish the team goals. Sean is likely exhibiting a __________.
High need for affiliation
Which of the following is not true about high-status people?
High-status people do not feel the need to participate in group discussions
Teams which are gender diverse are likely to exhibit the potential for ______________.
Higher innovation
As outlined in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality framework, someone with vision, drive, and originality might be classified as an
INTJ
Employees with proactive personalities ______________.
Identify opportunities
According to the general dependence postulate the greater B's dependence on A, the more power A has over B. Therefore, ________________.
If B has a scarce resource A wants, B has more power over A
Positive resistance to change occurs
If the resistance leads to open communication and debate
Dependence of one person who controls a resource over another who wants that resource is greater when the resource is non-substitutable, scarce, and ________________
Important
One of the goals of downsizing is to
Improve agility
Your firm does not engage in bribery or hiring relatives. Which of the following countries would have trouble with this?
India
The manager needs to get a small project completed quickly. The work includes simple tasks that do not require diverse input. What is the best way to get the work done?
Individuals
Expert power is based on _____________.
Influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge
____________ are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact. Three employees from different departments who regularly have lunch or coffee together are an example of this type of unit.
Informal groups
Creative behavior includes all of the following except _______________.
Information assessment
The use of flattery or behaving in a friendly manner in order to improve the likelihood that someone will agree to a request is called _____________.
Ingratiation
Organizational climates where managers assume that employees are motivated by self-interest would be categorized as ____________ under the Ethical Climate Theory (ECT)?
Instrumental
During which stage of conflict do decisions to act in a given way occur?
Intentions
Which of the following best describes the difference between internal equity and external equity?
Internal equity is the worth of the job to the organization; external equity is the worth of the job to the employee
Which of the following statements is false?
Interpersonal skills of team members are not crucial
Most research on relationship and process conflict is focused on _____________ conflict.
Intragroup
The framework, or locus, of conflict where the conflict occurs between groups or teams is considered
Intragroup
Laura Schendell makes only $8.50 per hour working at her fast-food job in Pensacola, Florida, and the job isn't very challenging or interesting. Yet Laura talks enthusiastically about the job, her boss, and the company that employs her. "What I like is the fact that Guy [her supervisor] appreciates the effort I make. He compliments me regularly in front of the other people on my shift, and I've been chosen Employee of the Month twice in the past six months. Did you see my picture on that plaque on the wall?" Laura is experiencing which type of reward?
Intrinsic rewards
A person's desire to work on something based on personal interest is known as which of the following?
Intrinsic task motivation
The big plus of arbitration over mediation is that __________
It always results in a settlement
The way in which elements of a job are organized is known as _____________.
Job design
Paul gets up every day excited to get into work. As an IT consultant, Paul feels that each day is a new challenge which allows him to develop creative solutions and grow both personally and professionally. Paul often works long hours because the job just doesn't seem like work. Paul is the top IT consultant with his firm and gets a tremendous sense of personal satisfaction from solving complex problems. Paul would be an example of someone who has high __________________.
Job engagement
Luis really loved his new job at the automobile plant. As part of the engine department, Luis spends 90 days in a variety of positions before moving on to another position within the department. In this way, Luis could become familiar with each facet of the organization and would eliminate any possibility of the job becoming too routine. Luis' job is an example of ________________.
Job rotation
Which of the following offers a reduction in boredom and increased motivation and helps employees better understand how their work contributes to the organization?
Job rotation
A manager who is very focused on ensuring that all employees are following the reimbursement policies when it comes to expense reports and wants to make sure that every employee follows the rules for which expenses are eligible for reimbursement is likely focused on an ethical criterion of ______________.
Justice
Political behavior within an organization may include all of the following except ____________________.
Keeping salaries secret
An accounting firm is likely to focus on which Ethical Climate Theory (ECT) category?
Law
A job that might lend itself to telecommuting would be a ________________.
Lawyer
A significant body of research suggests that clear and challenging goals drive higher performance. Goals may also _________.
Lead to unethical behavior
Sarah gives a speech to inspire her staff to reach a deadline by the end of the work day. Which of the following behaviors is she demonstrating?
Leadership
Pam, the manager in the education division, was concerned about how work was being processed in the office. She finally called a meeting to outline what was going to be acceptable and not acceptable in terms of work processes, although she knew many of the team did not agree with the process flow. Although several people on the team were convinced that this was not the correct way to do the work, they did it this way anyway because Pam had _______________ power.
Legitimate
Which of the following best describes the difference between Machiavellians and narcissists?
Machiavellians are more manipulative than narcissists
Managers who change facts to make them more attractive are focusing on which tactic designed to overcome resistance to change?
Manipulation and cooptation
Maybe the most important factor leading to politics within organizations is the realization that most of the "facts" used to allocate the limited resources are open to interpretation. Which of the following statements about politics is true?
Many managers report that some use of political behavior is both ethical and necessary, as long as it doesn't directly harm anyone else. They describe politics as a necessary evil and believe someone who never uses political behavior will have a hard time getting things done.
Martin is a marketing rep who wants to qualify for a company trip to London. He is claiming that he has sold more products in the company than anyone else who works there, even though he has only sold three units in the last two months. He tries to tell his boss that he actually sold five units in the last two months. What technique is he using, and is his behavior ethical?
Martin is using the enhancement technique, and his behavior is not considered ethical because he is lying about his actual performance
Person-organization fit involves ___________.
Matching organizational and employee values and personality
Researchers today are less concerned about matching individuals to specific jobs and more concerned about _____________.
Matching personality and values to the organization
You are working on a large labor-management negotiation in which both parties are eager to work together and settle the matter. Both parties want to retain their decision-making power. Which of the following would be a good role for you to play?
Mediator
Generations within a population share many characteristics based on societal experiences. Which of the following would generally be viewed as being more narcissistic than their parents?
Millenials
Reference checks can be helpful for an employer to verify some important information about the applicant's work history. _________ of the employers conduct both employment and personal reference checks on applicants at some point in the hiring process. The reason is obvious: they want to know how an applicant did in past jobs and whether former employers would recommend hiring the person
More than 80%
Joshua is on the culture team at work, while Debbie and Amalie are on the social team. Each year they have decided to come together to try and plan a few events which will increase overall employee management. This is considered a _____________ team.
Multiteam system
Marcela's manager and fellow employees often comment on how creative Marcela is in her solutions to problems. Marcela most likely exhibits which of the following traits related to creativity?
Narcissism
The theories of Maslow, McClellan, and Herzberg all focus on _____________.
Needs
Relying on an extensive amount of research, we can predict some relationships between achievement need and job performance. Which of the following is most closely related to managerial success?
Needs for affiliation and power
The MBTI includes all of the following personality types except _______________.
Neuroticism
Jane has worked for five years in a professional organization that focuses on high specialization, and her productivity is expected to be high. Should her manager continue to keep Jane in her work role for another five more years?
No, Jane is likely to become bored, fatigued, and stressed if she continues to stay in her position
An organization's decision to automatically enroll employees in a retirement program would be an example of ____________.
Nudging
What is structure meant to achieve?
Objectives
Which of the following Big Five personality traits correlates with creative behavior?
Openness to experience
John believes that complimenting employees when they perform well, rather than reprimanding them for poor behaviors, is the best way to manage and draw the best work from his people. Over time, a problem employee's performance has improved with far less instances of undesirable behavior. Based on this description, it is safe to say that John is using _____________.
Operant conditioning theory
Which of the following factors directly influences individual effort?
Opportunity
An organization which has few formal procedures, is flexible, and tends to be flatter would likely be exhibiting a(n) ___________ structure
Organic
Perceptions about the organization that employees of that organization share are defined as the
Organizational climate
Attention to detail is a common characteristic of
Organizational culture
Paula tries to make decisions that bring the most benefit to the most people. Which of the following ethical decision criteria does she value most?
Outcomes
In a recent meeting at work, Nick was asked to deliver the sales projections for the next month. Wanting to leave some room for error, Nick stated he was 90 percent sure that they could meet the stated sales target for the following month. Nick is exhibiting ______________ bias.
Overconfidence
Desiree was interviewing for a position as the new purchasing manager within her organization. As part of that process, the managers from other areas of the organization came together to hold an interview. This would be considered a/an
Panel interview
Decisions which are made jointly between the employee and the direct supervisor is commonly known as __________.
Participative management
One of the cited drawbacks of telecommuting may be that __________________.
People are more collaborative when they are together
Culture influences personality testing responses both positively and negatively. Which of the following statements is true about the influence of culture on personality test responses?
People in individualistic countries trend toward self-enhancement
Both the quality of our decisions and the way in which we make decisions is affected by our _______________.
Perceptions
First USA Company has work groups across the country that are cohesive and large. They have been struggling with output and performance in the last two years. Which of the following could be the reasons for this low performance?
Performance norms are probably low, and there may also be social loafing
Matt was struggling with the new instructions at work and just couldn't seem to make sense of the new process for billing. Although frustrated, Matt was determined to learn the new system and decided to take the manuals home over the weekend to study them and vowed to keep taking the manuals home until he fully understood the new process. Matt's decision is an example of ___________.
Persistence
The broad dimensions of fit are sometimes referred to as ____________.
Person-environment fit
Generally, people from individualistic countries see power in ______________ terms.
Personal
Miguel has been working for his organization for about 10 years and has developed a plan to move forward in the company. His ultimate goal is to achieve economic success. In order to achieve that goal Miguel might need to exhibit the instrumental value of ___________.
Personal discipline
A person's measurable behavior traits are collectively known as which of the following?
Personality
One variable that might lessen the effects of negative power is ______________.
Personality
Lamar was happy with his position within the organization. One day at lunch he overheard a couple of colleagues talking about some new programs that would create an employee of the week and of the month, and each month that employee would get to go to lunch with the boss. Lamar and his family were just making ends meet, and with another baby on the way this salary was important to both him and his family. He really couldn't care less about the lunch with the boss. Based on his information, what step of Maslow's hierarchy is Lamar likely to be on?
Physiological
Activities that are not required as part of a person's formal role in the organization but that influence, or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization are known as __________________.
Political behavior
An HR Director would be wise to recruit and hire an individual who likes his/herself and sees themselves as effective, capable, and in control of their environment. This individual would be someone who has ____________.
Positive core self-evaluations (CSE)
You are setting up new policies that will provide employees with opportunities to discover what they do best and gain rewards as they do well. Which of the following are you trying to develop?
Positive culture
Which stage of socialization focuses on individual values and expectations?
Prearrival stage
BATNA is part of which step in the negotiation process?
Preparation and planning
Power tactics can be translated into influencing bosses, co-workers, and employees into specific action. Which of the following would use warnings, repeated demands, and threats to influence behavior?
Pressure
Daniel is part of a quality control team at work that meets regularly, represents various departments, and looks to improve standards. Daniel's team would be considered a _________.
Problem-solving team
Julius wanted to sharpen the skills of his team because several new pieces of technology had recently been introduced and the team didn't seem to be arriving at solutions quite as quickly as they had in the past. They had also suggested several solutions recently which just didn't consider all the alternatives. What type of training might improve these skills?
Problem-solving training
Which of the following is an organization-wide program that distributes compensation based on a formula dependent on the company's profitability?
Profit sharing
Which of the following items is included in the motivators according to Herzberg?
Promotion opportunities
Your company has just put in an anonymous tip line that employees can use to report unethical behavior without having to identify themselves and get in trouble. Your company did this in order to control unethical behavior without losing good employees. Which principle are they following?
Provide protective mechanisms
Boredom would be considered what type of symptom of stress at work?
Psychological
When a workgroup is high in ____________ deceit, amorality, and rudeness tend to be more pronounced.
Psychopathy and aggression
As a new manager, which of the following power tactics is likely to get the best "buy-in" and cooperation from your subordinates?
Rational persuasion
The power tactic that uses arguments supported with facts is called _____________.
Rational persuasion
Which of the following would be an intrinsic reward?
Recognition
Challenge stressors are those associated with workload, pressure to complete tasks, and time urgency. They are quite different from hindrance stressors, which are
Red tape, office politics, and confusion over job responsibilities
Henrietta is interested in moving her organization toward being a true learning organization. What might be one way in which she can do that?
Redesign the structure
Organizations tend to increase the amount of political behavior that occurs within the organization when they _______________.
Reduce resources
Dan was one of the favorite vice-presidents at Acme Corporation. His team often commented on Dan's quiet but firm leadership style and his ability to get others to listen and buy into his ideas. He was well-liked and seemed to know how to get things done. Today, Dan needed a favor from the marketing manager in another division and asked that the marketing report normally scheduled for Friday be delivered today. In getting the marketing manager to comply, Dan used _____________ power.
Referent
According to the punctuated-equilibrium model, groups experience a transition at the halfway point ________________.
Regardless of project time frame
Gayle started a new job as a cashier at the local grocery store. In order to train Gayle on her new responsibilities, the store manager had Gayle practice each task that needed to be accomplished and then gave immediate feedback on whether the task was done correctly or not. This is an example of ______________.
Reinforcement theory
Which of the following focuses on how employees can make a difference in the lives of others?
Relational job design
Training teams can improve all of the following except ______________.
Resource allocation
Generally speaking, in order to have power in a given situation one must have _______________.
Resource control
A positive organizational culture
Rewards more than it punishes
Sandra is a manager for a start-up corporation in Malaysia. In which of the following personality traits did she probably score highly?
Risk Taking
Repetitive activities that reinforce the values of the organization are known as
Rituals
Your company has monthly luncheons that start with a big company chant, and then everyone sits and eats together. What is this an example of?
Rituals
Rajin is not sure what to do. He has recently been appointed the leader of a task group at work which has historically met every Thursday evening from 5pm to 6pm. Most of the members of the group have organized their schedules around this time. Rajin however has also taken on the role of Little League coach for his son's baseball team on the same night at the same time and has promised the team the time would not change. This is an example of ___________.
Role conflict
When two or more role expectations are mutually contradictory, this is known as ____________.
Role conflict
Our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation is known as ________________.
Role perception
Within groups, individuals can take on responsibilities, both formal and informal, within the organization. The set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit are called what?
Roles
During which of the following does an individual attempt to anticipate the expectations of the organization?
Selection process
Which of the following best describes the difference between self-determination and self-efficacy?
Self-determination refers to a person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her actions; self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in his or her ability to perform a task
"It's strange," said Marcia. "I started work at the Humane Society as a volunteer. I put in 15 hours a week helping people adopt pets. And I loved coming to work. Then, 3 months ago, they hired me full-time at $11 an hour. I'm doing the same work I did before. But I'm not finding it nearly as much fun." This attitude can be attributed to which of the following?
Self-determination theory
Which motivational theory focuses on achieving positive connections with others as well as achieving competence?
Self-determination theory
Lucinda was new to her position and looking for ways to motivate her team. One of the issues that she had noticed with her team was that they didn't seem convinced that they could actually accomplish the new goals that had been set. To help resolve this problem, Lucinda began providing additional feedback and setting achievable goals that helped convince the team they really could accomplish the new goals. This is an example of ____________.
Self-efficacy theory
____________ focuses on the belief that one is capable of accomplishing the task while _____________ focuses on learning through both observation and direct experience.
Self-efficacy theory; social learning theory
Which of the following statements is true in terms of implications of motivational theory for managers?
Set clear and difficult goals
Which of the following is not true about sexual harassment?
Sexual harassment is almost exclusively a phenomenon experienced by women being harassed by males
While diversity in group membership can be beneficial, not surprisingly, people who have the same values or characteristics as other members of their organization have higher levels of group identification. If a HR director were to seek applicants who have higher degree of group identification to make it easier for the new members to identify with peers, he/she would be relying on the concept of what?
Similarity
Conveyit Conveyor Company had just received its patent and was ready to find a shop to create the die casts needed for production. The owner, Bob, needed to determine what the best structure for the organization might be. The best choice at the point would be a
Simple structure
When Shawn started at the new company, almost everyone within the organization was quick to offer suggestions at meetings and get involved in the decision making process. Although Shawn was normally not a very talkative person, the constant involvement of everyone else eventually had Shawn offering ideas as well. This is an example of ___________.
Situation strength theory
According to the job characteristics model (JCM), which dimensions combine to create meaningful work the employee will view as important, valuable, and worthwhile?
Skill variety, task identity, and task significance
Brent's work team has just ended its first meeting and the timeline has been set for six months. According to the punctuated-equilibrium model, during the first coupe of months of the project, Brent's activity could be described as _____________.
Slow in terms of progress
Playing down of differences while emphasizing common interests between the conflicting parties is known as which of the following conflict-resolution techniques?
Smoothing
Productivity in a group is more likely to be high if all of the following occur except _______________.
Sociability is high
Steve has been at his job for 10 years and loves it. He knows it doesn't pay as much as he might make at another organization, but he loves the work itself, the people that he works with, and his manager. In fact, Steve really sees the organization as his extended family. Each month they hold family picnics and many of the employees socialize together. Steve considers his job quite safe and has no plans to look for better employment any time soon. What step of Maslow's hierarchy is Steve most likely on?
Social
One might think that group success is based on the effort and contribution made by the group as a whole, and that fault or blame for falling short of goals would be spread equally among all group members. ____________, however, proposes that people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self-esteem gets tied into the group's performance.
Social identity theory
The rise in the demand for organizations to be more responsible and greener in conducting business would be considered an example of changes in
Social trends
The adaptation of employees to the culture within an organization is aided through the process of
Socialization
The degree to which management focuses on the status quo is considered
Stability orientation
Pam used to love her job. Her boss, Tina, was easy to communicate with and was very straightforward. Pam always knew where Tina stood, even if Pam didn't always agree with Tina's decisions. This week, Pam learned that Tina had retired and David had taken her place. Although David was quite politically adept and told a great joke, Pam and the rest of the team felt him to be disingenuous and never really understood what he wanted or how he wanted it done. By the end of the year, job satisfaction amongst the team had plummeted. Which stage of the conflict process is represented here?
Stage I: Potential opposition or incompatibility
Conflict issues are generally defined in which stage of the conflict process?
Stage II
Although redesigning jobs on the basis of job characteristics theory is likely to make work more intrinsically motivating to people, more contemporary research is focusing on how to make jobs more pro-socially motivating to people. In today's business arena focusing on customer relationship management and building repeat business when management strives to make jobs more pro-socially motivating, it is striving to improve the organization's relationship with ______________.
Stakeholder groups of customers, clients, patients, and users of products or services
They key concept that underlies all bureaucracies is
Standardization
Researchers have indicated that employees are perceived by their supervisors as more conscientious when they __________________.
Start work early in the day
A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others is known as ___________.
Status
An equilibrium state is considered
Status quo
Cohesiveness in a group can be encouraged by _____________.
Stimulating intragroup competition
Research on leadership emphasizes ____________, while research on power focuses on _______________.
Style, tactics
Structured interviews limit
Subjectivity
The presence or absence of individual offices within an organization would be considered an example of cultural
Symbols
Which of the following concepts pertains to a set amount of goods or services to be divided up at the conclusion of a conflict?
Target point
The Windsong Automobile Manufacturing Company produces luxury automobiles made to order. The ownership of the firm recognizes the importance of happy employees. In addition to an excellent salary and benefits package, they have also decided to give each employee autonomy over their job and allow each specialist to complete an identifiable piece of work. Using teams of four employee specialists, each team completes a car from start to finish. Using the job characteristics model, which of the five core job dimensions describes these work teams?
Task identity
The degree to which a job requires the completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work is known as ___________.
Task identity
Which of the following is not a type of organizational constraint that can limit decisions and cause them to end up being less rational than they otherwise would be?
Task motivation
What structure breaks down external barriers between the customer and the organization and removes horizontal and vertical boundaries?
Team
The punctuated-equilibrium model is suited for a group that is ______________.
Temporary and on a time deadline
As the baby boomers retire and leave the workforce, the United States has experienced a shift as defined by Hofstede's dimensions. Which of the following statements about the U.S. culture is correct?
The U.S. is very individualistic
Culture can play a role on many aspects of personality, including creativity. A recent nation-level study suggests that countries scoring high on Hofstede's culture dimensions of individuality are more creative. Although it is also true that there is a strong variation within cultures, so there may be outliers within both high- and low-creativity cultures. Which of the following cultures would be viewed to be the most creative?
The United States
What is one of the most important outcomes that an organization's benefit program should strive for?
The benefit program should be uniquely suited to the culture
Kayla has a large project to accomplish for the organization that is quite complex and requires a short turnaround time. She is considering whether she wants to organize a team to accomplish the task or whether she wants to assign one individual to the task. In considering whether a team or an individual might best be suited to accomplish the project, which of the following would be true?
The common purpose of the project lends itself to a team.
Which of the following is the most likely difference between an employee who tries to correct workplace problems by being a whistle-blower and one who tries to do so by forming a union?
The employee who blows the whistle values rights most; the employee who tries to form a union values justice most
For companies who layoff employees but then do not restructure,
The organization saw a decline in profit and stock prices
The perceiver, the context, and _______________ all impact perception.
The target
Felicia was just added to a new task force at work which looks at ways in which to further engage employees. What might be a sign that Felicia has been added to a team rather than a group?
The task force creates a positive synergy by identifying issues and then collectively determining possible solutions
Teams are popular within organizations because _________________.
They can quickly assemble
Teams may struggle with being effective because ___________.
They may be swayed by herd mentality
Someone who relies on logic and reasoning ability would score high in _________ on the Myers-Briggs type indicator
Thinking
Which of the following is the definition of a group?
Two or more individuals
Although the chain of command was once a basic cornerstone in the design of organizations, it has far less importance today. But contemporary managers should still consider its implications, particularly for industries that deal with potential life-or-death situations. The chain of command is an unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organization to the lowest echelon and clarifies who reports to whom. The principle of ___________ helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority.
Unity of command
Making people more confident by convincing them they have the necessary skills to achieve a goal is known as which of the following?
Verbal persuasion
Dan is a manager at an IT company that is structured based on a mechanistic model. What organizational characteristics will not be present at Dan's company?
Vertical boundaries and hierarchy
The dominant workplace value of loyalty to the organization is most often associated with which generation?
Veterans
A network or modular structure is also known as what type of structure?
Virtual
In order to understand the concepts of dysfunctional and functional conflict, we need to know the type of conflict and
Where the conflict occurs
Deviant Work Behavior
Work behavior that causes stress for others around or is disobedient to work rules. Includes making personal phone calls when there is a strict policy against, making sexually explicit jokes, and gossip.
Jose was applying for a position as an electrician in the local school district. As part of the hiring process, which type of testing might be appropriate?
Work sample testing
The element of organizational structure that addresses the division of labor within an organization is
Work specialization
Five employees in a project meeting is a ________________, although five employees at a company fundraising event are a ___________.
Work team; work group
Susan is a manger with high self-monitoring, an internal locus of control, and a high need for power. Is she likely to engage in political behavior, and which of the following techniques will she likely use to view for a director position in her company?
Yes, those who are high self-monitors, with an internal locus of control and a high need for power, are more likely to engage in political behavior. Susan will probably use self-promotion to vie for a promotion.
Employees will increase political behavior when organizations practice a _____________ approach
Zero-sum
