MGMT 473 Chapter 3

Our emotions influence what we recognize or screen out. (T/F)

True

People who believe that their successful completion of a project is due to their skill and hard work are making an internal attribution (T/F)

True

Stereotyping is an extension of social identity theory and a product of our natural process of organizing information through categorical thinking. (T/F)

True

________ is the process of filtering information received by our senses.

Selective Attention

More Shortcuts Used in Judging Others

Self Fulfilling Prophecy, Selective Attention (Confirmation Bias), Primacy Effect, Recency Effect

The process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in an identifiable social category is called:

Stereotyping

Perception

The process by which individuals give meaning (reality) to their environment by organizing and interpreting their sensory impressions.

Confirmation bias causes us to screen out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions. (T/F)

True

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

You set yourself up to fail; You can also tell yourself you're going to do good on a test, you study, and actually do good

Punishment

penalizing

Negative reinforcement

removing an unpleasant consequence

Positive reinforcement

reward

Learning

Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience

Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)

Behavior is a function of its consequences and is learned through experience o Positively Reinforcement (rewards) o Punishment or ignored

Primacy Effect

Dress really nice for interview, look at a certain way; BECAUSE it is when you give first impression... Take the first impression very seriously

A global mindset excludes the capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures. (T/F)

False

The perceptual process begins by attributing behavior to internal or external causes.

False

Selective Attention (Confirmation Bias)

Look for information that supports what we believe

Recency Effect

Looking at what someone has done most recently; "you did well on last test, so I think you're going to do good on the next one"

Theories of learning

Operant conditioning Social learning

Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?

Perception

Behavior Modification: Attempting to "mold" individuals

Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, Punishment, Extinction

Some investors in the stock market become overconfident and ignore evidence that their strategies will lose money. This can be attributed to _____.

confirmation bias

Extinction

eliminating a reinforcement -get rid of positive consequences when doing something bad (cheating on test)

Shortcuts Used in Judging Others

• Assumed similarity • Stereotyping • Halo effect • Mental models

Self-serving bias

• Attribute successes to internal factors • Blame failures on external factors

Social Learning

• Learn: Observations and direct experimentation

Fundamental attribution error

• Underestimate external factors • Overestimate internal (personal) factors

Attribution Theory

• Which is it (causation)? • Internal - within the individual's control • External - due to outside factors