MGMT 473 Chapter 3
Our emotions influence what we recognize or screen out. (T/F)
True
People who believe that their successful completion of a project is due to their skill and hard work are making an internal attribution (T/F)
True
Stereotyping is an extension of social identity theory and a product of our natural process of organizing information through categorical thinking. (T/F)
True
________ is the process of filtering information received by our senses.
Selective Attention
More Shortcuts Used in Judging Others
Self Fulfilling Prophecy, Selective Attention (Confirmation Bias), Primacy Effect, Recency Effect
The process of assigning traits to people based on their membership in an identifiable social category is called:
Stereotyping
Perception
The process by which individuals give meaning (reality) to their environment by organizing and interpreting their sensory impressions.
Confirmation bias causes us to screen out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions. (T/F)
True
Self Fulfilling Prophecy
You set yourself up to fail; You can also tell yourself you're going to do good on a test, you study, and actually do good
Punishment
penalizing
Negative reinforcement
removing an unpleasant consequence
Positive reinforcement
reward
Learning
Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience
Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)
Behavior is a function of its consequences and is learned through experience o Positively Reinforcement (rewards) o Punishment or ignored
Primacy Effect
Dress really nice for interview, look at a certain way; BECAUSE it is when you give first impression... Take the first impression very seriously
A global mindset excludes the capacity to empathize and act effectively across cultures. (T/F)
False
The perceptual process begins by attributing behavior to internal or external causes.
False
Selective Attention (Confirmation Bias)
Look for information that supports what we believe
Recency Effect
Looking at what someone has done most recently; "you did well on last test, so I think you're going to do good on the next one"
Theories of learning
Operant conditioning Social learning
Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?
Perception
Behavior Modification: Attempting to "mold" individuals
Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement, Punishment, Extinction
Some investors in the stock market become overconfident and ignore evidence that their strategies will lose money. This can be attributed to _____.
confirmation bias
Extinction
eliminating a reinforcement -get rid of positive consequences when doing something bad (cheating on test)
Shortcuts Used in Judging Others
• Assumed similarity • Stereotyping • Halo effect • Mental models
Self-serving bias
• Attribute successes to internal factors • Blame failures on external factors
Social Learning
• Learn: Observations and direct experimentation
Fundamental attribution error
• Underestimate external factors • Overestimate internal (personal) factors
Attribution Theory
• Which is it (causation)? • Internal - within the individual's control • External - due to outside factors