Quiz 2
The very nature of policy—it's usually voluminous and written in legalese—makes it a poor way to communicate important rules.
True
Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Heroes b) Norms c) Rituals d) Myths - Symbolic figures who set standards of performance by modeling certain behaviors.
A
Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Strong organizational culture b) Weak organizational culture c) Socialization (or enculturation) - Standards and guidelines that are known and widely shared by all.
A
Most people, according to cognitive moral development, are looking outside of themselves for guidance on decision-making. This means that stated organizational policy can be an important source of guidance foe employees in making decisions
True
Norms often arise to support behaviors that are implicitly rewarded.
True
Research evidence suggests that punishment results in more positive outcomes if the recipient perceives it to be fair.
True
Roles can support ethical behavior thus it makes sense to include in a Code of Conduct a statement that calls for employees who see misconduct to report it.
True
The US Sentencing Guidelines call for more attention to developing and maintaining the ethical culture of the organization
True
Loyalty is paramount in business and employees who question unethical direction or an unethical boss are doomed
False
Organization cultures are maintained through formal systems alone
False
Organizational experience suggests that an "ethics action line" is unnecessary because it promotes "tattling" on people an employee doesn't like.
False
Pursuant to the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines, an organization cannot be convicted of a crime until majority of the employees break the law.
False
Research has found that executive ethical leadership is critical to investors but not the employees
False
Research suggests that ethics only needs to be communicated in orientation materials for new employees.
False
Workers have to be personally rewarded or punished for the message to have an impact.
False
People generally live up to the expectations that are set for them—high or low.
Pygmalion effect
In business, when people talk about ethics, they are talking about behavior.
True
The job of ethics officer has been called "the newest profession in American business
True
The more a firm demands unquestioning obedience to authority, the more likely the firm will experience higher levels of unethical conduct among their employees
True
The only way to determine if the culture is aligned to support ethical behavior is to conduct regular, comprehensive audits of all relevant cultural systems, both formal and informal.
True
The organization's formal decision‐making processes are an important part of the ethical culture
True
Unethical leaders can just as negatively affect the culture of a company as ethical leaders can affect the ethical culture
True
Work roles can support either ethical or unethical behavior.
True
A statement such as "integrity is important here" is enough for subordinates to understand expected behavior.
False
A values statement is a short description of the organization's reason for existence—a sort of "here's what we do."
False
According to research, rewards and not discipline are the most important influences on people's behavior at work.
False
An increase in the number of calls on the "ethics action line" is a sign that there are more reportable problems in the company now.
False
As an ethics officer at WeCare International, when Brian is designing ethics communication for the company's employee population, he needs to consider three kinds of people: employee, managers, and customers.
False
Centralized ethics offices are nearly always the best choice as these provide for greater consistency and commitment to the organization's key values.
False
Command-and-control is a term frequently used to describe ethics initiatives that begin at the top of the organization and work their way down, level by level.
False
Companies that look for advice from consultants will do well to find a "spray and pray" plan.
False
Ethics officers seem to agree that, whatever other reporting relationships exist, the ethics officer should never have a direct reporting relationship to the CEO.
False
Generally, people take a single "ethical self" from situation to situation.
False
Given that executive leaders are part of formal structure, they affect culture in a formal way whereas non-executive members affect culture in an informal way.
False
Given the less hierarchical organizational structures that are more common place today, it is less important for to have strongly aligned ethical culture to guide employees in their independent decision-making.
False
If punishment occurs in private, few employees will know that unethical behavior was admonished; thus, managers should ensure that employees who behave unethically are punished publicly so that others learn from the process.
False
In 2004 Congress created the U.S. Sentencing Commission in response to criticism of judicial discretion in sentencing and perceived disparities between sentences for "white-collar" and other types of crimes.
False
In a strong organizational culture, strong subcultures exist and guide behavior that differs from one subculture to another
False
In any organization, it is safe to assume that most employees fit into the grenades category.
False
Roles enhance a person's sense of his or her individuality by focusing attention on the role and the expectations that accompany it. This psychological process is called individuation.
False
Today, with advances in technology, very few modern organizations are bureaucratic
False
When an employee brings up an ethical concern at work, the manager is obliged to take the issues completely off the employee's hands
False
Jacob at ABC World is thought to be consistent and ethical across contexts. This describes what?
Integrity
That quality or state of being complete, whole, and undivided.
Integrity
As a manager, Bianca has set a difficult goal for her team to exceed sales at 120% of prior quarter. Every quarter whatever Bianca sets the goals, her team live up to the expectations that are set for them.
Pygmalion effect
People are likely to behave in ways that are rewarded
Reinforcement theory
Briefly describe what is meant by alignment of ethical culture. Provide an example of how an ethical culture might be misaligned
Students should be able to demonstrate that ethical culture consists of informal and formal systems that must be sending the same message. Therefore, a reward system that focuses strictly on the bottom line and makes no allowances for how a goal is met is misaligned with the organization's ethical culture.
A decrease in levels in the organizational hierarchy leads to better lateral communication among employees and makes it more difficult for employees to rationalize that higher-ups were responsible.
True
According to Peters and Waterman, an effective leader must be the master of two ends of the spectrum: ideas at the highest level of abstraction and actions at the most mundane level of detail.
True
According to United States v. Booker, judges are no longer required to follow strictly the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines.
True
According to ethics and compliance officers, a respected and trusted insider who knows the company's culture and people is a preferable choice for a firm's ethics or compliance officer.
True
Alignment of the goals and rewards of an organization with the organization's values is essential because employees will generally do what is measured and rewarded
True
An ethically neutral leader is not clearly unethical, but is perceived to be more self-centered and more focused on the bottom line
True
As a new ethics officer at ABC Trading, if Susan wants to assess the company's credibility on ethics, she should compare the messages on the formal and informal communications systems.
True
Depending on the organization's culture, the word "ethics" may carry a negative connotation and need to be replaced with "business conduct."
True
Once employees are on board, organizations can aim to guide employees' behavior through formal organizational value statements, mission statements, credos, policies, and formal codes of ethical conduct
True
Organization cultures vary widely, even within the same industry.
True
People are much more likely to act ethically if they perceive themselves as personally responsible for the outcomes of their decisions and actions
True
People do what is rewarded and these rewards do not have to be explicit
True
Pursuant to the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines, an organization can be convicted even if only one employee is caught breaking the law.
True
Research has found that employees working in organizations with an enforced code of ethics report that they engage in less unethical behavior
True
Researchers have found that employees may be less likely to report ethical problems to management if they are intently focused on achieving a task.
True
The demand for qualified and knowledgeable compliance and ethics professionals is so high that more organizations are being created to help them share information and design more effective ethics and compliance programs such as the Society for Corporate Compliance and Ethics (SCCE), a nonprofit started in 2002.
True
To complete the ethical leadership picture, executives must also act as "moral managers"— they must focus on the "leadership" part of the term ethical leadership by making ethics and values an important part of their leadership message and by shaping the firm's ethical culture
True
Workers expect managers to discipline fairly, and they are morally outraged when management does not do its job.
True
At Toys for Toddlers (TFT), Bianca is interested in getting the continual stream of information among employees about "what's really going on." She should explore ______ at TFT. a) grapevine b) organizational policies c) mission and vision d) value statement
A
In business, when people talk about ethics, they are talking about _______. a) behavior b) money c) relationships d) competition
A
The ___________ experiment demonstrated the power of legitimate authority. Teachers were unwilling to question the experimenter's authority for fear of personal embarrassment or upsetting the status quo. a) Milgram b) Manville c) Zimbardo d) My Lai
A
At ABC Manufacturing, Ellen, Tommy, and Zach are employees who may have good ethical compasses, but they do not know ABC's policies. They may not even be familiar with general ethical standards in business. These employees may be well meaning, but they are naive. Without guidance, they may not even consider ethics in the business environment. Ellen, Tommy, and Zach can be described as which of the following? a) Generals b) Loose cannons c) Good soldiers d) Grenades
B
Group norms can cause an "everyone is doing it" mentality. This means: a) People are more likely to recognize issues as "ethical issues." b) Many individuals will go along with unethical behavior because of a strong need for peer acceptance. c) Managers cannot blame individual employees for unethical behavior. d) Employees are actively disengaged in groups.
B
Guidelines on "How to Blow the Whistle" suggest all of these EXCEPT: a) Approach your immediate manager first if you can (your manager isn't involved in the problem). b) Avoid the issue with your family. c) Take it to the next level. d) Consider going outside your chain of command.
B
Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Heroes b) Norms c) Rituals d) Myths - Standards of behavior that are accepted as appropriate by members of a group.
B
Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Strong organizational culture b) Weak organizational culture c) Socialization (or enculturation) - Subcultures within divisions or departments that are more likely to guide behavior.
B
The "moral person" component of ethical leadership: a) Tells employees how the leader expects them to behave. b) Tells employees how the leader is likely to behave. c) Shows that ethics and values are an important part of the leader's message. d) Demonstrates a reputation for ethical leadership among employees
B
The _________ approach to formal corporate ethics initiatives focuses on meeting required behavior norms or obeying the letter of the law. a) rules b) compliance c) principles d) values
B
To understand ethics at work, we must understand that people are socialized to accept _______. a) monetary compensation for different parties at work b) different behavior depending on the context c) relationship variations based on reward structure d) domineering personalities of supervisors at work
B
Under which of these climates little attention is given to the social consequences of one's actions? a) Benevolence climate b) Self-interest climate c) Rule-based climate d) Fairness climate
B
Weak organizational cultures are: a) desirable if an organization has many subcultures. b) desirable if an organization wants diversity of thought and action. c) desirable if an organization wants behavioral consistency. d) undesirable in all situations
B
When communicating policies: a) It is important to use legalese to demonstrate the formality of the document. b) Eliminate the legalese and tell employees what the policy means. c) Policies should be alphabetized to communicate that all policies are important. d) Include policies from all departments so the manual is standardized.
B
Your roommate is interested in the history of corporate ethics and wants to know which organization it can be traced to. You should tell him that the corporate ethics and compliance office concept can be traced to 1985 and _______. a) General Electric b) General Dynamics c) General Motors d) IBM
B
______ is a term frequently used to describe ethics initiatives that begin at the top of the organization and work their way down, level by level. a) Command-and-control b) Cascading c) Codes of conduct d) Good soldiers
B
___________ may have good ethical compasses, but they don't know their corporation's policies. Without guidance, ethics may not even be a consideration. a) Loose ammo b) Loose cannons c) Misguided cannons d) Grenades
B
Joseph, a new hire at ABC Trading has been observing the senior traders at work and has realized that they get away with lying, cheating, and stealing and these traders get promotions and big bonuses. Joseph started to engage in the same behavior. This is an example of which of the following? a) The ethical Pygmalion effect b) Ethical dilemma effect c) Social learning theory d) Reinforcement theory
C
Which of the following is true? a) Fines applied by the US Sentencing Commission have decreased on average since 1990. b) Only the presence of a code of ethics in the organization is necessary to meet the US Sentencing Commission's idea of an effective compliance program. c) The sentencing guidelines were designed to use a "carrot‐and‐stick" approach to managing corporate crime. d) The 1987 sentencing guidelines mandated incarceration for only the worst felony offenders.
C
Which of the following is true? a) If you find out that your manager is behaving unethically, you should go directly to the CEO of the company before talking with anyone else. b) Issues that involve employee or customer rights are not serious enough to consider "blowing the whistle." c) Under the False Claims Act, you can receive 15 to 30 percent of whatever damages the federal government recovers if you blow the whistle on government fraud. d) Most whistle-blowing cases are not resolved until they are reported outside of the company.
C
Why did the US Sentencing Commission begin to focus on the ethical culture of the organization in 2004? a) Researchers had just recently introduced the idea of an "ethical culture" in 2002. b) More and more consultants were discussing "ethical culture" in their programs. c) Prior to the change, organizations used formal programs as "window dressing". d) None of the above
C
Your friend, Jamira, has been selected to create a new ethics training program at work. What advice should you give Jamira? a) Ensure that all employees receive the same training content. b) Focus on new employees only; the other employees already know this stuff. c) Provide separate training depending on the needs of different groups of employees. d) Bring in outside consultants to conduct the training.
C
According to research, what percent of the information that passes through the grapevine is accurate? a) Between 10 to 30% b) Between 30 to 50% c) Between 50 to 70% d) Between 70 to 90%
D
According to the Executive Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix, ___________ is an executive characterized as a weak "moral person" and a strong "moral manager." a) Unethical leader b) Ethical leader c) Ethically neutral leader d) Hypocritical leader
D
At ABC Manufacturing, Mike, Ryan, and Emily are employees who know the rules, but they do not care. They have their own agenda, and they lack any company or professional loyalty. Mike, Ryan, and Emily can be described as which of the following? a) Generals b) Loose cannons c) Good soldiers d) Grenades
D
At Entertainments R Us International, new employees learn "the ropes" through formal training and mentoring, as well as through more informal transmission of norms of daily behavior by peers and superiors. This process of "learning the ropes" is referred to as _______. a) socialization b) myth-based culture c) ritually-rich culture d) weak culture
D
At Garden Tools International, strong subcultures exist and guide behavior that differs from one subculture to another. This is an example of which of these? a) Moral culture b) Hypocritical culture c) Strong culture d) Weak culture
D
At TradeTools, James is a top level executive who can be described as someone who doesn't "walk the talk" but follows a "do as I say, not as I do" approach. James would be described as a(n) _______. a) unethical leader b) ethical leader c) ethically neutral leader d) hypocritical leader
D
At We Care International, which of the following would formally contribute to creating and maintaining ethical culture? a) Norms b) Rituals c) Language d) Decision processes
D
Given the negative reaction to the word ethics at some organizations, companies have used other terms. Which of the following is not an alternate word suggested or used in place of ethics in organizations? a) Values b) Integrity c) Business practices d) Vision
D
Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Heroes b) Norms c) Rituals d) Myths - Anecdotes about a sequence of events drawn from an organization's history.
D
The __________ approach to formal corporate ethics initiatives is proactive and aspirational. a) rules b) compliance c) competitive d) values
D
The old adage "what gets rewarded gets done" exemplifies which of these? a) Corporate culture b) Ethical dilemma c) Integrity d) Reinforcement theory
D
When team members of a highly cohesive team in the marketing department of Garden Tools, Inc. believes that the group simply would not do anything wrong, it describes the symptom of groupthink called _______. a) obedience to authority b) conflicting roles c) deindividuation d) illusion of morality
D
Which of the following describe the "rules of the organization"? a) Mission b) Vision c) Values d) Policy
D
Which of the following is false? a) The idea that punishment should be avoided is based on research on rats and small children. b) People are less likely to engage in unethical behavior if it is likely to be detected and punished. c) Other employees are affected by the punishment of just one employee. d) People do not care if violators of ethical conduct are punished.
D
Workers expect to be rewarded for behaviors that are expected of everyone—that is, for doing the "right thing."
False
In combination with rewards, goal setting is one of the most powerful motivational tools.
True
Individuals of high integrity are thought to be consistent and ethical across contexts
True
Under the 2004 sentencing guidelines, the __________ are expected to oversee the compliance and ethics program while __________ is/are charged with ensuring its effectiveness within the company. a) board of directors; top management b) board of directors; the CEO c) CEO; general managers d) company's ethics officer; board of directors
A
When an organization "cares" about multiple stakeholders, including employees, customers, and the broader community and public, it is said to have which of these? a) Benevolence climate b) Self-interest climate c) Rule-based climate d) Fairness climate
A
According to the Executive Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix, ___________ is an executive characterized as a strong "moral person" and a strong "moral manager." a) Unethical leader b) Ethical leader c) Ethically neutral leader d) Hypocritical leader
B
As a manager at Father and Son Manufacturing, Suzie needs to discipline two of her employees. She should understand which of the following about punishment? a) Punishment set the tone for what is expected and achieved in the long term. b) If you discipline someone, do it in private. c) Punishment is an inherently bad practice. d) Punishment should be conducted publicly so all employees can learn the lesson
B
The US Sentencing Guidelines use a "carrot and stick" approach to managing corporate crime. What is meant by the use of "carrot" and "stick"? a) The carrot dangles at the end of the stick as an incentive for organizations to continue to behave ethically. b) The carrot refers to the guidelines as "food for thought" and the stick refers to the punishment if the guidelines are not followed. c) The carrot refers to incentives in the guidelines to behave ethically and the stick refers to the punishment if the guidelines are not followed. d) None of these.
C
The Zimbardo experiment provides insight into ___________ just as the Milgram experiment provides insight into ____________. a) My Lai massacre; Abu Ghraib prison scandal b) Watergate scandal; My Lai massacre c) Abu Ghraib prison scandal; McDonald's case d) My Lai massacre; Watergate scandal
C
The __________ experiment demonstrated how normal students accepted and acted on their randomly assigned role of prisoner or guard. a) Milgram b) Manville c) Zimbardo d) My Lai
C
Under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) will pay _____ percent of the amount the government recovers from financial fraud if the whistleblower provides original information leading to a recovery of more than a million dollars. a) 10 to 30 b) 40 to 50 c) 5 to 8 d) 50 to 75
C
Which of the following is false? a) A mission statement describes "how we do business." b) Mission statements should be short and memorable. c) Mission statements should be written by outsiders who are unbiased. d) For some companies, mission statements are a mainstay of the corporate culture.
C
Which of the following is false? a) Any attempt to change an organization's ethics must consider the entire cultural system. b) A cultural system includes both formal and informal systems. c) An effective culture change may take as long as 1 to 2 years. d) New rules and values must be reinforced via training programs and reward systems.
C
Which of the following is true? a) Attempting to achieve a task goal can decrease risky behavior. b) Employees focus on what managers say more than what managers do. c) Employees will not search for clues about what gets rewarded; they must be told by managers that it is important. d) Meeting a goal provides psychological benefits.
D
Which of these is NOT a part of informal system in an organization? a) Norms b) Rituals c) Language d) Decision processes
D
With _______, individuals have adopted the external cultural standards as their own. Their behavior, though consistent with the culture, also accords with their own beliefs. a) socialization b) myth-based culture c) authority-based structure d) internalization
D
_____ tell people symbolically what the organization wants them to do and how it expects them to do it. a) Heroes b) Myths c) Norms d) Rituals
D
_______ is defined as "that quality or state of being complete, whole, or undivided." a) Corporate value system b) Mission c) Credo d) Integrity
D
Roles can reduce a person's sense of his or her individuality by focusing attention on the role and the expectations that accompany it. This focus on the role reduces the individual's awareness of the self as an independent individual who is personally responsible for an outcome. This psychological process is called _________.
De-individualization
Seldom should ethics information be included in a company's external website.
False
Under the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines, the same crime can be subject to a wide range of penalties. In determining the penalty, the following will be considered: a. Prior violations b. Whether management reports itself c. Whether management cooperates with authorities d. Whether the firm has an effective program in place to prevent and detect illegal behavior e. All of these
E
The corporate ethics and compliance office concept can be traced to 1965 and General Motors, then the largest U.S. automaker.
False
At WeCare International, Susan recently observed that Brian was quickly dismissed for lying to a customer. Susan learned that such behavior is unacceptable.
Social learning theory
People learn from observing the rewards and punishments of others.
Social learning theory
Briefly describe and provide examples of three steps involved in changing an organization's culture
Students should include steps related to diagnosis, implementation, and subsequent evaluation
A 2006 study found that 82 percent of Americans would prefer to be paid less but work for an ethical company than be paid more and work for an unethical company.
True
An ethical culture is maintained through alignment between the formal and informal systems
True
When communicating a code of conduct: a) Focus on values that should guide decision making. b) Provide the same code of conduct to all departments regardless of its length. c) Refrain from changing the code of conduct regularly. d) Fewer employees will read the code if it is short.
A
When designing ethics communication for a typical employee population, organizations need to consider all of the following kinds of people described using military jargon EXCEPT: a) Generals b) Loose cannons c) Good soldiers d) Grenades
A
All of the following about Ethics Officer is true EXCEPT: a) The ethics officer is typically a first-line to middle-level manager. b) The ethics officer typically reports directly to the CEO. c) The ethics officer can be hired from inside or outside of the firm. d) The ethics officer can also be called the "director of ethics" or "director of internal audit."
A
At ABC Manufacturing, Samuel is reading a statement that describes sort of "here's what we do." Samuel is reading which of the following statement? a) Mission statement b) Vision statement c) Values statement d) Policies statement
A
Which of the following is false? a) An effective approach to managing ethics has a compliance-only focus. b) Abstract value statements can appear hypocritical to employees. c) Strictly compliance-oriented programs are often viewed by employees with cynicism. d) With a compliance-only focus, employees believe anything goes as long as there isn't a rule against it.
A
Which of the following is true? a) Rewards set the tone for what's expected and rewarded in the long term. b) Employees need to be rewarded for engaging in specific ethical behaviors. c) Punishment is an inherently bad practice. d) Rewards are better to control short-run ethical behavior
A
Which term defines a body of learned beliefs, traditions, and guides for behavior shared among members of a group? a) Culture b) Ethics c) Norms d) Rituals
A
With which of the following, expectations for ethical behavior are set high, and people are expected to fulfill them? a) The ethical Pygmalion effect b) Ethical dilemma effect c) Social learning theory d) Reinforcement theory
A
______ are symbolic figures who set standards of performance by modeling certain behaviors, and they can be the organization's formal leaders. a) Heroes b) First-line managers c) Large investors in an organization d) Hypocritical leader
A
At Global Coffee, which of the following would informally contribute to creating and maintaining ethical culture? a) Policies/codes b) Rituals c) Orientation/training d) Decision processes
B
"The way we do things around here" addresses an organization's a) heroes. b) rituals. c) norms. d) myths.
C
At ABC Manufacturing, Ashker, Bianca, and Carolyn are employees who understand and follow the rules and policies of the organization, and they have good ethical compasses. They have the judgment or experience required to discern the difference between right and wrong, and they have the moral grounding to do the right thing. Ashker, Bianca, and Carolyn can be described as which of the following? a) Generals b) Loose cannons c) Good soldiers d) Grenades
C
At ABC Manufacturing, standards and guidelines are widely shared within the organization, providing a shared sense of who we are and "how we do things around here" and a common direction for day‐to‐day behavior. This is an example of which of these? a) Moral culture b) Hypocritical culture c) Strong culture d) Weak culture
C
At Baby Toys, Susan is a top level executive who does not provide explicit leadership in the crucial area of ethics. She is perceived to be silent on this issue, and employees aren't sure what she thinks about ethics, if anything. Susan would be described as a(n) _______. a) unethical leader b) ethical leader c) ethically neutral leader d) hypocritical leader
C
At XYZ International, Paige wants to develop a statement that describes sort of "here's how we do it"—a codification of essential corporate behavior. Paige is looking to develop which of the following statement? a) Mission statement b) Vision statement c) Values statement d) Policies statement
C
Groupthink occurs when: a) A group is working together in a cohesive, flowing manner for peak performance. b) Group members know each other so well that they are able to anticipate each other's ideas. c) Group members conform to the group's decision and are unwilling to express disagreement. d) A group cannot make a decision because members are unwilling to compromise
C
Marjorie, an account executive at Joe Trading International, is thought to be consistent and ethical across contexts by all her team members, subordinates and customers. Marjorie can be described as having which of these? a) Corporate value system b) Ethical dilemma c) High integrity d) 360 degree performance management accomplishment
C
Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Heroes b) Norms c) Rituals d) Myths - Symbolically tells employees what the organization wants them to do and how it expects them to do it.
C
Matching Key Terms and Definitions a) Strong organizational culture b) Weak organizational culture c) Socialization (or enculturation) - Process promoted through formal and informal transmission of norms.
C
The 1991 U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines called for the assignment of specific high‐level individuals with responsibility to oversee legal compliance standards. This requirement led to the development of a brand new role that of the _____. a) chief executive officer b) chief information officer c) corporate ethics officer d) corporate arbitrator
C
The Tailhook scandal represents an example of which of these? a) Management focusing too much on the ends rather than the means b) The ethical Pygmalion effect c) Social learning theory d) Employees ignoring management's clear message
C
Which of the following is false? a) People enter organizations in a state of "role readiness." b) Roles reduce a person's sense of individuality. c) Managers do not have roles as much as their subordinates do. d) Conflicting role expectations can cause increased incidences of lying.
C
Which of these is NOT a part of formal system in an organization? a) Performance management b) Selection system c) Language d) Decision processes
C
___________ have their own agenda and lack any company or professional loyalty. a) Deserters b) Misguided cannons c) Grenades d) Toxic ammo
C