mgmt 480 exam 2 (chapter 5-11)

results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment.

Intrinsic motivation

Randall wants to put more variety into his assistant's job by combining specialized tasks of about the same level of difficulty. This is

Job enlargement

Which of the following situations is most likely to produce conflict?

Maria cannot finish her report until Juan provides the financial spreadsheet. Juan is late and Maria is afraid she won't meet her deadline.

In the ________ bias, a decision maker is influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant.

anchoring

Dr. Beswick was writing questions for a test, but found herself listening to reggae music coming from an adjoining office, and thinking about her upcoming trip to the Caribbean. She is experiencing

attentional deficit

Oliver was known for his innovative promotional ideas. His boss loved listening to his presentations and trusted his ideas. Though Oliver's ideas started to get monotonous after a while, his boss took only his ideas and did not accept ideas from others. Which of the following was Oliver's boss using?

availability heuristic

Avoiding extreme judgments and rating people and objects as average or neutral is known as the ________ perceptual error.

central tendency

39. A(n) ________ helps guide behavior as well as avoid and overcome conflict.

charter

Which of the following situations is most likely to result in conflict?

competition for limited resources

The styles of conflict handling are differentiated along two dimensions:

concern for others and concern for self.

In ________, one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party.

conflict

Chuck is concerned with what he considers to be an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a co-worker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using the terminology of equity theory, Chuck has decided to

decrease his inputs

The dean of Roan College is looking for a new head of admissions. She wants to be sure that Roan College has an admissions program with the highest standards. As the committee interviews various candidates, the dean tries to point out potential flaws in each person. She is playing the role of

devil's advocate

The goal of the job characteristics model is to

increase intrinsic motivation in jobs.

A person who clarifies key issues for a group has taken on the role of

information seeker/giver

In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished?

norming

________ bias is especially evident in entrepreneurs who are deciding to start and sustain new ventures.

overconfidence

Carol and Dee have never gotten along. Carol feels that Dee acts superior, while Dee believes that Carol just tries to please everyone. This is ________ conflict, which is defined as interpersonal opposition based on individual dislike or disagreement.

personality

In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, ________ is the lowest level and ________ is the highest level.

physiological; self-actualization

Prosocial behaviors are

positive acts performed without expecting anything in return.

Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA—

positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement.

The ________ model of decision making assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions demonstrate excellent logic.

rational

Michele is a freelancer who works with a publishing company on an editorial team. She resides in Connecticut, while the company is based in Illinois. Michele attends team meetings via Skype and is in constant email contact. This is an example of a(n) ________ team.

virtual

Hope consists of

willpower and waypower

Teddy is a project manager at a consulting firm. He travels a lot and works very long hours. When he's home, he is always checking e-mail. He has a three-year-old son and a brand-new daughter, and his wife is upset that he doesn't help more. He is experiencing

work-family conflict

_______ is the idea that decision makers are restricted by constraints when making decisions

Bounded rationality

________ is employees' shared perceptions of policies, practices, and procedures of an organization

Climate

________ teams are created with members from different disciplines within an organization, such as finance, operations, and R&D.

Cross-functional

________ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of having confidence.

Efficacy

________ are the three elements of expectancy theory.

Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

_______ groups are assigned by organizations or managers, while ________ groups form when the members' purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interest.

Formal; informal

Which of the following statements about goals and goal setting is not true?

Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable "stretch" goals.

________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.

Group roles and norms

________ is a key input to positivity from person factors.

Mindfulness

________ is solving problems by producing the best possible solution.

Optimizing

Which of the following statements about conflict is true?

Organizations can suffer from too little conflict.

________ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

Performance management

Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) ________ effect.

amplifying

theory assumes that competency, autonomy, and relatedness influence our behavior and well-being

Self-determination

According to ________, the typical perspective held by managers is that employees dislike work, must be monitored, and can be motivated only with rewards and punishment ("carrots and sticks").

Theory X

The concept of ________ is defined as a state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.

flow

Group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such unknowns as their roles, the people in charge, and the group's goals during the ________ stage.

forming

Harry, Marsha, Eve, and Don are discussing ways to increase sales. Harry and Eve want to stick with the current sales promotion plan created four months ago. They say it needs more time to show results. Marsha and Don disagree; they feel sales have continued to decline and will not turn around. As the discussion progresses, various alternatives are proposed. Harry then suggests a modification to the current sales promotion plan that meets with everyone's approval. This is an example of the benefits of ________ conflict.

functional

Nicole is a manager at a fast food restaurant. She is under a lot of pressure from headquarters to increase her monthly profits. Nicole isn't sure what the solution is for her financial dilemma. She decides to use the rational decision-making model to determine the best path for a solution. The problem has already been defined by headquarters. Now Nicole has to

generate alternative solutions

To enhance a worker's expectancy, a manager could

give feedback and coach the employee.

Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ________ perceptual error.

halo

Brian has a Master's degree in electrical engineering and brings 10 years of experience to his current job. He puts in long hours of hard work. Brian receives a salary of $75,000, medical and dental coverage, and two weeks of paid vacation every year. From Brian's perspective, which of the following is an input in the individual-organization exchange relationship?

his Master's degree in electrical engineering

Inez was content with her job at Pieces Packaging until the company added two levels of supervision, lowered bonuses, and decreased breaks. Her current dissatisfaction reflects ________ factors.

hygiene

refers to the amount of effort that we invest in an activity.

intensity

Rachel bought a table at a thrift store for $20. She had a feeling it might be valuable. When cleaned up and assessed, the table turned out to be an antique from the 1700s, worth $3,250. What was Rachel using to make her decision?

intuition

Conflict is considered to be dysfunctional when

it hinders organizational performance.

We all use shortcuts or ________ when making decisions.

judgmental heuristics

Chris just finished a calculus test. Afterward, he walked all the way across campus without being aware of anything or anyone he passed. Chris is being

mindless

Wayne is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Zander, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Wayne perceives a

negative inequity

During a class lecture, Mike finds himself thinking about an argument he had last night with his girlfriend. Mike is displaying

rumination

Madetra makes low-priced leather handbags and wallets. They keep their costs down, but have to cut some corners. Now, their rate of return is 25 percent. Madetra considers this a(n) ________ or "good enough" solution.

satisfying

In the context of goal setting, SMART stands for

specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, time-bound

Negative reinforcement is

strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

Gerry, one of your subordinates, seems to care so much about being liked that he rarely states strong opinions in meetings of your department. Based on this, Gerry probably has a

strong need for affiliation.

A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

team