MGMT Ch 10

Your employees have been "getting away" with questionable practices for the last several years, and you would now like to enforce behavior that adheres to higher standards. Which of the following is the most likely to produce effective long-term results? a. Punish the behavior until it disappears. b. Use extinction to get rid of the behavior. c. Use punishment to get rid of the undesirable behavior and then positively reinforce the desired behavior. d. Combine extinction of the undesired behavior with positive reinforcement of the desired behavior. e. Use avoidance on the undesirable behavior and positive reinforcement of the desired behavior.

Combine extinction of the undesired behavior with positive reinforcement of the desired behavior

Idalia works as an entry-level consultant at a management consulting firm. Partners in the firm make about 10 times more salary than do entry-level consultants. Which principle of reward systems is her employer violating? a. Meet the needs of individuals for basic necessities b. Pay rewards comparable to other organizations' rewards c. Distribute rewards fairly throughout the organization d. Recognize that different people need different rewards e. All of these

Distribute rewards fairly throughout the organization

What is the most important idea for managers to remember from equity theory? a. Over-rewarded employees perform best. b. Under-rewarded employees perform best. c. For rewards to motivate employees, employees must perceive them as being fair. d. Employees must consider their inputs equal to the inputs of their "comparison other." e. Employees must consider their outcomes equal to the outcomes of their "comparison other."

For rewards to motivate employees, employees must perceive them as being fair

Palash believes that the more he studies the better his grade will be. Which of the following is true for Palash? a. His efforts are low. b. His performance-to-outcome expectancy is high. c. The sum of his outcome valences is high. d. His effort-to-performance expectancy is high. e. None of these.

His effort-to-performance expectancy is high

According to Maslow's hierarchy, when a worker satisfies his or her security needs, what will he or she do next? a. Nothing⎯they are now satisfied and don't need to make any more effort. b. Work to satisfy self-esteem needs c. Regress to fulfilling physiological needs again d. Work to satisfy belongingness needs e. Maslow doesn't make a prediction about what they would do next.

Work to satisfy belongingness needs

Hyain works four, ten hour days. She has a. a variable work schedule. b. a flexible work schedule. c. telecommuting. d. job sharing. e. a compressed work schedule.

a compressed work schedule

According to the text, performance is basically determined by a. intelligence, environmental influences, and ability. b. ability, motivation, and the work environment. c. motivation, experience, and subordinates. d. inner drives, psychological needs, and motivation. e. motivation, intelligence, and ability.

ability, motivation, and the work environment

Brianna has a goal of living a healthier lifestyle. She has improved the foods she eats and is getting more physical activity. She has goal a. specificity. b. acceptance. c. conformity. d. congruity. e. difficulty.

acceptance

Thirty-three miners in Chile were trapped underground for months. Authorities could get food and basic necessities to them and they had a video camera to communicate with people above. NASA advised the authorities to keep them busy with tasks. That was to meet their need for a. achievement. b. affiliation. c. power. d. security. e. potential.

achievement

Solitary confinement is especially hard on people because we all have a need for ____. a. esteem b. power c. affiliation d. security e. achievement

affiliation

If, as a supervisor, you have no control over the pay raises, promotions, and rewards, what method(s) of reinforcement are you able to use? a. Avoidance b. Extinction c. Positive reinforcement d. Punishment e. All of these

all of these

Organizational rewards can affect which of the following? a. Attitudes b. Behaviors c. Motivation d. All of these. e. None of these.

all of these

Which of the following is a basic characteristic of an effective reward system? a. Rewards are distributed fairly. b. The reward system is multifaceted. c. The rewards satisfy employees' basic needs. d. The rewards are comparable to those offered in other organizations. e. All of these.

all of these

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other laws and regulations spell out the consequences for violation of the rules. What kind of reinforcement procedure is this? a. Avoidance b. Extinction c. Positive reinforcement d. Punishment e. Distortion

avoidance

Which of the following programs applies the concepts of reinforcement theory? a. Modified workweek b. Work redesign c. Behavior modification d. Attribution theory e. Two-factor theory

behavior modification

John Mackey, CEO of Whole Foods does not like unions in the public sector. He says the compete for the hearts and minds of employees. He doesn't want competition for the ____ needs. a. esteem b. psychological c. security d. belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization e. self-actualization

belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization

Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns "what" motivates people rather than "how" they are motivated? a. Reinforcement b. Process c. Content d. Equity e. Expectancy

content

When Madeline lived in Korea she decided to cook enchiladas. The store she used had sold out of sour cream. Madeline substituted onion chip dip. Madeline's motivation to think creatively began with the store's a. deficiency. b. need. c. resource. d. environment. e. All of these.

deficiency

Princeton Alliance Church has a goal of helping 150 more orphans in Brazil. They need to raise money, build a new facility, hire staff, reach out to children on the street and gain their trust. PAC has goal a. specificity. b. acceptance. c. conformity. d. congruity. e. difficulty.

difficulty

Robyn sells real estate for a large franchised organization. She likes the fact that she is allowed to set her own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems having to do with the houses that her customers are buying and selling. The real estate company for which Robyn works uses ____ to enhance employee motivation. a. empowerment b. participation c. a nine-eighty schedule d. flextime e. avoidance

empowerment

Therese has a learning disability. There is no doubt she works harder to earn a B than every other student. ____ theory would suggest she will rationalize that she is gaining a better work ethic than others and it will pay off later in life. a. Expectancy b. Reinforcement c. Equity d. Hierarchy of needs e. Two-factor

equity

Which of the following motivational theories is based on the idea that employees compare the treatment they receive relative to others' treatment in order to determine if they are being treated fairly? a. Expectancy b. Reinforcement c. Equity d. Hierarchy of needs e. Two-factor

equity

Which of the following is a process theory of motivation? a. Maslow's need hierarchy b. McClelland's work on need for power c. McClelland's work on need for achievement d. Two-factor theory e. Equity theory

equity theory

According to Maslow, the need that people have for respect and recognition is the need for a. achievement. b. security. c. self-respect. d. belongingness. e. esteem.

esteem

A basketball coach has been told that she will get a $50, 000 bonus if her team wins the NCAA championship. She has also been informed that she will be fired if she does not get her team into the 64-team championship tournament. Which motivation theory is her university's athletic director most likely using? a. Equity theory b. Maslow's needs hierarchy c. Two-factor theory d. Expectancy theory e. None of these.

expectancy theory

Oscar likes to pass along gossip about coworkers to his supervisor, but his supervisor ignores his comments and keeps talking about work-related issues. His supervisor is using ____ to weaken Oscar's behavior. a. avoidance b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. punishment e. distortion

extinction

A manager who provides reinforcement on a periodic basis, regardless of performance, is using a ____ schedule. a. variable-interval b. variable-fixed c. fixed-ratio d. fixed-interval e. variable-ratio

fixed interval

When a supervisor inspects facilities each morning at 9:00 am, what schedule of reinforcement is she using? a. Continuous b. Fixed-interval c. Fixed-ratio d. Variable-ratio e. Variable-interval

fixed interval

Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the least incentive to do good work? a. Fixed-interval b. Fixed-ratio c. V ariable-interval d. V ariable-ratio e. Continuous

fixed interval

A manager who provides reinforcement on the basis of a particular number of behaviors, rather than on the basis of time is using a(n) ____ schedule. a. fixed-ratio b. fixed-interval c. variable-interval d. variable-ratio e. interval-ratio

fixed ratio

If a credit-card company that hires telemarketers to call prospective customers to try to sell them on a new credit card gives these telemarketers a $2.00 bonus for every fourth application the company receives from their phone solicitation, this is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule? a. Fixed-ratio b. Fixed-interval c. V ariable-interval d. V ariable-ratio e. None of these.

fixed ratio

A manager gives her employees a bonus every month in which they exceed their sales quota. This type of incentive pay is known as a. fixed-rate pay. b. profit sharing. c. gain sharing. d. lump-sum bonus. e. pay-for-knowledge.

gain sharing

Cheri and Aaron both wanted to work part-time, and they found a lawyer who was willing to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works mornings and Aaron works afternoons. This arrangement is known as a. flextime. b. participation. c. OB Mod. d. job sharing. e. reinforcement.

job sharing

Neal works for the state of Vermont. He perceives that his union will protect him from getting fired, but the only way he will get promoted is if the person above him retires or dies. He has a. low effort-to-performance expectancy, and low performance-to-outcome expectancy. b. low effort-to-performance expectancy, and high performance-to-outcome expectancy. c. high effort-to-performance expectancy, and low performance-to-outcome expectancy. d. high effort-to-performance expectancy, and high performance-to-outcome expectancy. e. zero valence.

low effort-to-performance expectancy, and low performance-to-outcome expectancy

To stay current in their profession, accountants have to take a minimum number of continuing education courses annually. Accountants in the firm of Dunkirk and Wood who take additional classes are rewarded through a ____ plan. a. fixed-rate pay b. profit sharing c. gain sharing d. profit-for-work e. merit pay

merit pay

Howard Schultz, the CEO of Starbucks, hires managers by looking for two qualities⎯integrity and passion. According to Schultz, these qualities are as important as experience and abilities because he wants people to become passionate about helping the company succeed while maintaining high ethical standards that promote the organization's responsibility to society. In other words, Schultz wants people with integrity that have a. motivation. b. ability. c. access to resources. d. drive. e. personality.

motivation

____ is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways. a. Motivation b. Management c. Perception d. Personality e. Compensation

motivation

Which of the following motivational strategies is used to provide more autonomy and self-direction to workers? a. Empowerment b. Participation c. OB Mod d. All of these. e. Only empowerment and participation.

only empowerment and participation

In expectancy theory, raises, promotions, stress and resentment are all ____. a. factors b. motivations c. reinforcements d. outcomes e. valences

outcomes

Stock options granted only to the top performers provide an incentive for the behavior to continue and for others to aspire to that level. This is an example of a. avoidance. b. extinction. c. positive reinforcement. d. punishment. e. distortion.

positive reinforcement

When a subordinate has outstanding performance and his or her supervisor publicly praises it, the supervisor is using a. positive reinforcement. b. punishment. c. avoidance. d. extinction. e. an intrinsic reward.

positive reinforcement

One step in behavior modification is to determine what rewards subordinates desire most and to tie those desired rewards to desired performance. If supervisors simultaneously ignore the unwanted behavior, then the behavior modification is centered around a. avoidance and positive reinforcement. b. avoidance and extinction. c. positive reinforcement and extinction. d. punishment and extinction. e. None of these.

positive reinforcement and extinction

Which of the following factors would not be included in Maslow's physiological needs category? a. Air b. Food c. Safety d. Sex e. Water

safety

Elena is a sales representative for Verizon. She gets paid a base salary plus a percentage of sales. Her pay is determined by a ____ system. a. merit pay b. job-rate pay c. lump-sum bonus d. salary e. sales commission

sales commission

According to the motivation framework presented in your text, after a worker notices an unfilled need, the next step is a. choosing a behavior that satisfies the need. b. determining future needs. c. searching for ways to satisfy the need. d. evaluating need satisfaction. e. None of these.

searching for ways to satisfy the need

According to Maslow, the need to have a safe physical and emotional environment is a(n) ____ need. a. esteem b. physiological c. psychological d. security e. social

security

Lori's work environment is not healthy. Coworkers are back stabbers and selfish. The boss is having an affair with a subordinate. Lori's ____ needs are not getting met. a. social b. esteem c. security d. physiological e. self-actualization

security

OSHA attempts to ensure worker's ____ needs are met. a. physiological b. esteem c. belongingness d. security e. self-actualization

security

The Japanese used to have lifetime employment with one company. But in the 90s the Japanese economy experienced serious setbacks and Japanese workers were forced to address ____ needs previously almost guaranteed. a. esteem b. belongingness c. self-actualization d. security e. physiological

security

At work anybody can be good doing the tasks they like, but to be great they have to be good at doing the tasks they do not like too. Greatness is part of Maslow's ____ need. a. esteem b. social c. self-actualization d. security e. physiological

self actualization

Nate has a goal of lowering his cholesterol by 20 points. He has a. specificity. b. acceptance. c. conformity. d. congruity. e. difficulty.

specificity

The most basic method of managing employee motivation is a. job design. b. the reward system. c. labor relations. d. job classification. e. recruiting and selection.

the reward system

A supervisor is required to inspect plant facilities to determine that they are safe, clean, and functional. She often goes out on the floor two or three times a day; other days she does not go out at all. What reinforcement schedule is she using? a. Fixed-interval b. Fixed-ratio c. Variable-interval d. Variable-ratio e. None of these.

variable interval

At a customer service call center, quality control trainers randomly listen to calls. For example, they may take the twelfth, seventeenth, forty-fourth, and sixtieth items. What reinforcement schedule are they using? a. Variable-interval b. Variable-fixed c. Fixed-ratio d. Fixed-interval e. Variable-ratio

variable ratio

If you want to maintain an employee's behavior at a high level with minimum fluctuations in the level of the behavior, which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful? a. Fixed-interval b. Fixed-ratio c. V ariable-interval d. V ariable-ratio e. Continuous

variable ratio