MGMT Chapter 10 Smartbook
A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______. A. innovation strategy B. required structure process C. human capital plan D. resource analysis
A
Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or creating a new one, is called ______ innovation. A. product B. behavioral C. customer D. market
A
Making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise, rather than attempting to foresee them, is referred to as ___ change. A. reactive B. proactive C. anticipatory D. preemptive
A
Manufacturing automation and office automation are examples of ______ that are forces for change outside the organization. A. technological advancements B. social and political pressures C. supplier practices D. demographic characteristics
A
One assumption that is central to a systems approach to change is that change ___. A. creates a ripple effect through an organization B. should be avoided at any cost C. relies on having a culture where failure is not an option D. can be mitigated through clear management hierarchies
A
Tom's company is very successful, even though they expect most new ideas to fail. This is likely due to an organizational culture that ______. A. celebrates failure as an important part of fostering innovation B. makes an example of employees that fail C. views experimentation as a boondoggle D. focuses heavily on using techniques that were successful in the past
A
Which of the following is a common cause of employee resistance to change? A. peer pressure B. reinforcing reward systems C. a climate of trust D. personality agreement
A
Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization? A. education B. job satisfaction C. productivity D. petroleum prices
A
Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened? A. adaptive change B. radically innovative change C. administrative change D. innovative change
A
In which order should these OD processes be performed? (first at the top) A. diagnosis B. evaluation C. intervention D. feedback
A C B D
What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies? Select all that apply A. Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation B. Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization C. Human capital resources are drastically increased D. Innovation by the competition becomes irrelevant
A, B
How do organizational consultants carry out a diagnosis? Select all that apply A. attending meetings and performing direct observation B. using surveys and questionnaires C. consulting company records D. interviewing the competition
A, B, C
What are the parts of a systems model of change? Select all that apply A. outputs B. inputs C. target elements of change D. regulation E. directives
A, B, C
What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change? Select all that apply A. employee characteristics B. competitor characteristics C. change agent characteristics D. market characteristics
A, C
What are the stages of the Lewin model for change? Select all that apply A. unfreezing B. shattering C. refreezing D. changing
A, C, D
Which of the following should organizational structure and internal processes foster to help promote innovation? Select all that apply A. collaboration B. interest in the market C. cross-functional communication D. agility
A, C, D
Which statements about openness to change are true? Select all that apply A. It is critical for the success of organizational change. B. It is a characteristic possessed by managers, but not by employees. C. It typically leads to positive work outcomes for the employee. D. It is an example of an important career readiness competency.
A, C, D
Which factors are likely to cause resistance to change? Select all that apply A. Engage in mindfulness meditation. B. Avoid group relationships. C. Remember you are not alone. D. Embrace a narrow self-view. E. Practice self-kindness.
A, C, E
Which of the following are among the seven components of fostering innovation? Select all that apply A. Instituting the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures B. Creating a climate of employee complacency C. Getting commitment from top managers D. Establishing a firm hierarchy, with mechanisms of control at all levels E. Establishing the required structure and processes F. Creating an innovation strategy
A, C, E, F
Which of the following statements about self-affirmation are true? Select all that apply A. It is a way of getting rid of negative thoughts. B. It is a commitment that you make to yourself. C. It is a way of dismissing the beliefs of others. D. It is a positive statement that helps you focus on goals.
A, D
What are the target elements of change? Select all that apply A. social factors B. financial factors C. outputs D. organizational arrangements E. methods F. people
A, D, E, F
Match each stage of Lewin's model of change with its description A. unfreezing B. refreezing C. changing 1. creating the motivation to change 2. introducing new information, perspectives, and ways of doing things 3. supporting and reinforcing the new behavior
A-1 B-3 C-2
Match each step in the organization development process with the type of question that it answers. A. Diagnosis B. intervention C. evaluation D. feedback 1. what should we do to fix it? 2. how can the diagnosis and intervention be further refined? 3. how well has the intervention worked? 4. what is the problem?
A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2
Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______. A. creates peer pressure B. is resulting in a loss of status C. lacks a reinforcing reward system D. is being done in a climate of mistrust
B
Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product qualifies as ___. A. automation B. technology C. intelligence D. production
B
Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ___ currently influencing the future of business. A. microtrends B. supertrends C. discontinuous trends D. niche trends
B
Managers use the four levers of targeting elements of change to ______. A. release products to consumers B. diagnose problems C. learn more about the competition D. create new products
B
Organizational ______ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective. A. production B. development C. mission D. value
B
Reactive change is change that ___. A. anticipates problems or opportunities B. responds to problems or opportunities as they arise C. creates opposition and controversy D. results from a consensus
B
Self-compassion is best described as ______. A. a reward system B. gentleness with yourself C. positive statements to focus your goals D. a reminder that you are not alone
B
Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to ______. A. poor timing B. fear of failure C. peer pressure D. personality conflicts
B
The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______. A. diagnosis B. development C. placement D. intervention
B
What are companies doing to respond effectively to the increasing segmentation of the marketplace? A. Promoting the same product to all potential customers B. Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages C. Engaging in conversations with individual consumers D. Following a traditional sales model
B
What is the first step in organizational development? A. evaluation B. diagnosis C. feedback D. intervention
B
Which of the following is a tactic increasingly used by companies to help them innovate and involves soliciting contributions from many people, often via the Internet, in order to collect needed services, ideas, or content? A. coaching B. crowdsourcing C. force-field analyzing D. unfreezing
B
Which statement about organizational development is true? A. Training is the most successful type of organizational development intervention. B. Successful organizational development usually involves multiple interventions. C. Single interventions are generally more effective than multiple interventions. D. It best to master one intervention and use it in all situations.
B
Which of the following are increased by employee openness to change? Select all that apply A. workplace annoyances B. continuous learning C. job satisfaction D. relationship disruption
B, C
What are the stages of the Lewin Model for Change? Select all that apply A. shattering B. unfreezing C. refreezing D. changing
B, C, D
Which factors commonly cause employees to resist change? Select all that apply A. Familiarity with innovation B. Loss of status or job security C. Fear of the unknown D. Peer pressure
B, C, D
What are the target elements of change? Select all that apply A. financial factors B. people C. organizational arrangements D. outputs E. methods F. social factors
B, C, E, F
Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achieving the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved. A. consultants B. employees C. senior leaders D. mid-level managers
C
Innovations must be ______. A. disruptive B. incremental C. novel D. physical
C
Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______. A. the move will result in dissolution of group relationships B. the company is promoting a climate of mistrust C. her childhood predisposed her to dislike change D. she has a great fear of surprises
C
People's reaction to change depends largely on ______. A. whether or not they are highly educated B. how much they enjoy their jobs C. how they were taught to handle change as children D. how long they have been working for the organization
C
The company Tonya works for has been eliminating jobs in order to reduce costs, but the CEO was recently given a bonus of several million dollars. The likely cause of her resistance to the current organizational change is ______. A. fear of failure B. fear of the unknown C. a climate of mistrust D. peer pressure
C
Which best describes "demassification"? A. offshoring jobs to countries with cheaper labor and production costs B. eliminating bottlenecks in distribution C. segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups D. offering mainstream products to a broad marketplace
C
which statement about the need for faster speed-to-market is true? A. Achieving faster speed-to-market requires skipping consumer trials B. faster speed-to-market is only possible for small companies C. competitors may be in and out of the market within days D. pop-up stores are an ineffective way to increase speed-to-market
C
Which factors are likely to cause resistance to change? Select all that apply A. reinforcement of reward systems B. preservation of cultural traditions C. the potential for loss of status D. fears about job security
C, D
Which of the following are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business? (Choose every correct answer.) A. Simple, one-size-fits-all solutions are becoming more popular. B. The overall speed of product releases is decreasing. C. The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers. D. Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not from information.
C, D
A set of interdependent processes, practices, and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______. A. innovation competition B. organizational system C. knowledge process D. innovation system
D
Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______. A. it involves new-direction innovation B. the organization does not understand the competition C. leaders employ an innovation strategy D. top managers are not committed
D
An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______. A. creativity B. innovative change C. adaptive change D. resistance to change
D
As more and more companies become proficient at bringing products and services to market, ___ is emerging as a necessary and powerful competitive weapon. A. money B. HR C. raw materials D. speed
D
At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent? A. Disciplining employees that resist progress B. Gaining allies by communicating your vision C. Executing the process well D. Fostering an innovative culture and climate
D
Employees are more likely to resist change if ______. A. they trust their leaders B. they do not fear failure C. it preserves company culture D. it is a surprise
D
Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization? A. Customer demands B. Market changes C. Supplier practices D. Demographic characteristics
D
Inessa has worked as part of a four-person development team for several years. Recently, however, one of her coworkers transferred to a different office and a replacement was hired. Inessa and her other long-term teammates are having a hard time accepting the new employee. This is most likely due to ______. A. a nonreinforcing reward system B. loss of job security C. fear of failure D. disruption of the group relationship
D
Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______. A. surprising employees with changes B. breaking up group relationships C. using a nonreinforcing reward system D. being open and honest about changes
D
Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the Marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______. A. fear of failure B. poor timing C. personality conflicts D. peer pressure
D
Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization. A. promotions B. diversity C. profits D. conflict
D
Positive statements that help you focus on goals, program your subconscious mind, and eliminate negative beliefs are referred to as ______. A. self-compassion statements B. reinforcing reward systems C. innovation systems D. self-affirmations
D
Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change? A. climate of mistrust B. personality conflict C. peer pressure D. fear of failure
D
The process of changing the appearance or performance of a product or service is known as ______ innovation. A. incremantal B. process C. radical D. product
D
The process of creating something new that can be applied profitably is referred to as ______. A. constancy B. creativity C. invention D. innovation
D
What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? A. Good timing B. A climate of trust C. Reinforcement of reward systems D. Disruption of group relationships
D
Which of the following is a purpose of organization development? A. investigating the competition B. providing training C. designing products D. managing conflict
D
Which of the following is an example of an adaptive change in an organization? A. introducing a technique that is new to the organization's industry B. introducing a method that is new to the organization C. introducing an innovative change suggested by the organization's top management D. reintroducing a practice familiar to the organization
D
True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.
True
Disruptive innovation
the difficulty of an existing successful company to take full advantage of a technological breakthrough such as digitalization
