mgmt chapter 8
Which of the following is a barrier to JIT? Union resistance to retraining A facility layout that emphasizes new deliveries over inventory maintenance Worker skills that are geared toward rapid inventory deployment A freight system that is too slow to deliver inventory on time
A freight system that is too slow to deliver inventory on time
For the video recording industry, the advent of streaming technology can best be described as which of the following types of innovation? Disruptive innovation Restructuring innovation Productive innovation Service innovation
Disruptive innovation
_____ would be considered a negative characteristic for people in many companies, where individuals and organizations are faced with a constant need to change. Innovativeness Stability Risk aversion Creativity
Risk aversion
Which of the following was created by Lockheed Martin to give highly talented people more time and freedom? Idea incubator New-venture fund New-venture team Skunkworks
Skunkworks
Today, some companies use the _____, which extends the search for and commercialization of innovative ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization. reverse innovation approach trickle-up innovation approach open innovation approach horizontal linkage approac
open innovation approach
_____ uses behavioral science knowledge and techniques to improve an organization's health and effectiveness. Product development Organization development Market development Supply chain development
organization development
Before implementing new changes in the production flow, Betty's Baskets works with the production team to smooth the transition to the new system. Which of the following approaches to change is this company using? Top management support Coercion Participation Education
participation
The _____ approach helps managers determine potential problems and understand the differences in perceptions of change among employees. negotiation participation top management support coercion
participation
____ result in a quicker, more competitive market response for the company. Mass customization systems First-in, first-out systems LIFO systems Just-in-time inventory systems
just in time inventory
A crisis or sense of urgency helps managers institute change because it: highlights desired performance levels. makes employees feel in control. weeds out ineffective employees. lowers resistance.
lowers resistance.
A _____ is a disparity between existing and desired performance levels. crisis force-field analysis barrier to change need for change
need for change
_ is separate from the rest of the organization and is responsible for developing and initiating a major innovation. An inventor A new-venture team The champion A sponsor
new venture team
The cooperation strategy includes which of the following? Internal contests Idea champions Creativity Open innovation
open innnovation
When trying to overcome resistance to change, which of the following approaches is best suited when users need to feel involved? Participation Negotiation Top management support Coercion
participation
A change in the attitudes and behaviors of a few employees is: team building. culture change. people change organization development.
people change
TransWorld sent its regional managers to a training course on leadership skills. Transworld is attempting: organization change. culture change. artifact change. people change.
people change.
Organization change requires an organization to: replace all the top management. respond to new regulations. abandon tried and true methods for new, untried ones. recognize the need for change.
recognize the need for change.
Which of the following statements best describes innovation in organizations? Organizations innovate solely in terms of products and technologies. Winning companies only innovate in large ways. Smart managers do not let innovation take a back seat when companies struggle through a tough economy. Managers who are ruthless about innovation are bound to fail in the long run.
Smart managers do not let innovation take a back seat when companies struggle through a tough economy.
In the context of the culture change process, which of the following statements is true of training? Training is rarely used to change people's mind-sets. Successful companies provide training that solely relies on behavioral science knowledge. Successful companies provide training to managers, who in turn influence people throughout the organization. Training is an ineffective tool to bring about culture change on a large scale
Successful companies provide training to managers, who in turn influence people throughout the organization.
___ engage employees in problem solving based on the collected data. Team-building activities Large-group interventions Survey-feedback activities Reverse innovation strategies
Survey-feedback activities
When several departments, such as marketing, research, and manufacturing, work closely together to develop new products, this is an example of which of the following models? The market pull model The linear model The traditional phase gate model The horizontal linkage model
The horizontal linkage model
In the context of organization development (OD) activities, which of the following statements is true of a large-group intervention? It restricts learning to one part of an organization at a time. It is the least popular tool for bringing about culture change. The number of participants can be as high as 500. It focuses on an organization's employees by separating the organization from its external environment.
The number of participants can be as high as 500.
The doctors at St. Luke's General Hospital are reluctant to use the new electronic record system because it might affect how long it will take to chart their patient visits. Which of the following barriers to change are they exhibiting? Disagreements about the benefits Goals and rewards Uncertainty Self-interests
uncertainty
Which of the following stages of organization development is often associated with diagnosis and use of a change agent? Changing Refreezing Unfreezing Intervention
unfreezing
Creative organizations: are characterized by an unusually high number of routine jobs. have little ambiguity. are tightly structured. use teams frequently.
use teams frequenetley
Which of the following is a characteristic of the large-group intervention model? Results in incremental change Widely shared Learning for the small group Limited distribution
widely shared
Which of the following is a restraining force under force-field analysis? Inventory cost savings Adequately skilled employees Abundant resources Resistance from middle managers
Resistance from middle managers
Rick's Roadhouse is making some changes to make the restaurant more family friendly and shed its dive bar reputation before it is shut down under new city ordinances. As restaurant manager, Sam tells the staff that they can accept it or leave. Which of the following approaches to change implementation is Sam using? Negotiation Participation Top management support Coercion
Coercion
Which of the following implementation tactics is most likely to be used when a change is technical? Negotiation Communication and education Participation Coercion
Communication and education
_____ is a type of current problem that organizational development can help address . Sustainable manufacturing Diversification Conflict management Social justice
Conflict management
Why does the flexible nature of the ambidextrous approach make it difficult to implement? Managers tend to be too rigid in their thinking. It challenges the creative impulse. Managers feel their authority is threatened. Employees are less likely to complete.
Employees are less likely to complete.
Which of the following is an example of an external force that spurs organizational change? Managers wanting to institute a major change Instituting new training systems Exit of key suppliers Introduction of new products
Exit of key suppliers
In an organization implementing the horizontal linkage model, which of the following tasks is performed by people in the manufacturing department? Passing customer complaints to the research department to use in the design of new products Recruiting people to develop new ideas for improving production speed and quality Informing other departments whether a product idea can be manufactured within cost limits Exploring new technical developments to learn whether they will be useful to customers
Informing other departments whether a product idea can be manufactured within cost limits
In the context of managing the implementation of a change, which of the following statements is true of coercion? It is important when a change involves multiple departments. It uses formal bargaining to win acceptance and approval of a desired change. It becomes necessary when other implementation techniques have failed. It pays off the management because users understand and become committed to the change.
It becomes necessary when other implementation techniques have failed.
Which of the following statements is true of organizational change? It only occurs with the introduction of new products and technologies. It should be avoided in organizations that operate in competitive environments. It is spurred by political forces within the organization. It can meet with employee resistance.
It can meet with employee resistance.
_____ is the primary way in which organizations adapt to changes in markets, technology, and competition. Culture change People change Product and service innovation Innovation in enterprise structure
Product and service innovation
In the context of managing the implementation of a change, which of the following statements is true of negotiation? It becomes necessary in crisis situations when a rapid response is urgent. It is used when a group has power over the implementation of a change. It is used when solid information about a change is needed by users and others who may resist implementation. It uses informal bargaining to win acceptance and approval of a desired change
It is used when a group has power over the implementation of a change.
Which of the following statements is true of open innovation? It requires businesses to refrain from using the Internet as a source for generating ideas due to reliability and ownership issues. It means extending the search for and commercialization of new ideas beyond the boundaries of an organization. It requires businesses to generate their own ideas in-house and then develop, manufacture, market, and distribute them. It means limiting the search for and commercialization of new ideas within the boundaries of an organization.
It means extending the search for and commercialization of new ideas beyond the boundaries of an organization.
Which of the following statements is true of organization development (OD)? It is the primary way in which organizations adapt to changes in markets, technology, and competition. It uses behavioral science knowledge and techniques to improve an organization's health and effectiveness. It aims at making the production of a product more efficient. It is an unplanned process of change to improve the bottom line of an organization.
It uses behavioral science knowledge and techniques to improve an organization's health and effectiveness.
Which of the following statements is true of crowdsourcing? It is used to gather creative ideas for solving corporate issues. It uses the Internet to tap into new ideas outside the boundaries of an organization. It is a successful model that ensures internal coordination in an organization. It follows a closed innovation approach.
It uses the Internet to tap into new ideas outside the boundaries of an organization.
Which of the following organizational change tools offers greater possibilities for fundamental, radical transformation of the entire culture? Organizational development Focus group Telecommuting Large-group intervention
Large-group intervention
Which of the following is a reason people resist change? Most people have a low aversion to risk. People fear loss of corporate status in the market. People resist flexibility and prefer a rigid approach for implementing innovations. Many people prefer the status quo.
Many people prefer the status quo.
Which of the following describes a characteristic of companies that successfully innovate? Customers' feedback takes a back seat while designing a new product. New-product development processes are supported by top management across organizational functions and units. Old and time-tested technologies are preferred to recent technological developments. Cross-functional teams are encouraged in order to reduce expenditure and avoid confusion.
New-product development processes are supported by top management across organizational functions and units.
_____ is the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization. Personal innovation Disruptive technology Organizational change Ambidextrous change
Organizational change
Which of the following statements is true of the horizontal linkage model? People from different departments in an organization meet frequently in teams and task forces to share ideas and solve problems. Development teams work in isolation, and contact with the customers is discouraged during the development process. People from different departments in an organization meet only after an idea is finalized. Steps are taken to ensure that the work done by the research team is unaffected by the customer complaints collected by the marketing team during the development process.
People from different departments in an organization meet frequently in teams and task forces to share ideas and solve problems.
Which of the following statements is true of creative organizations? They are highly structured with well-defined tasks. Their employees are assigned to a limited range of projects. They embrace risks and experimentation. Their employees often work as individual contributors rather than in teams.
They embrace risks and experimentation.
Which of the following is NOT a driving force of the just-in-time inventory system? Union resistance Competitive market response Fewer workers Inventory cost savings
Union resistance
Communication and education are best used under which of the following conditions? A crisis exists, and time to make the change is short. An outside force has power over implementation. Users need solid information about the change. The change is nontechnical.
Users need solid information about the change.
At the start of each sales cycle, sales managers at Johnson's Cameras announce big changes intended to increase sales. They usually do not follow through on these changes. Which of the following is causing this lack of enthusiasm? Disagreements about the benefits Competitors A lack of trust Self-interests
a lack of trust
According to the six thinking hats technique, the red hat is the one that: focuses on why a suggestion will not work. generates ideas and solutions for better problem solving. allows an emotional response to a subject based on feelings, intuitions, and hunches. focuses on the values and benefits of an idea.
allows an emotional response to a subject based on feelings, intuitions, and hunches.
Under which of the following approaches do managers encourage flexibility and have freedom to innovate? Cordial Compliant Ambidextrous Rightsized
ambidextrious
During the refreezing stage of organization development, employees: are presented with information that shows discrepancies between desired behaviors or performance and the current state of affairs. implement a specific plan for training managers and employees. provide data through personal interviews, questionnaires, and observations of meetings. begin to view the changes as a normal, integral part of how the organization operates.
begin to view the changes as a normal, integral part of how the organization operates.
When Chicago-based software firm 37Signals allowed employees a month off from their regular duties to work on new ideas, this was an example of which of the following? Middle-out approach Trickle-down approach Top-down approach Bottom-up approach
bottom up approach
Which of the following innovations would be classified as a disruptive innovation? Light bulb Programmable stoves Velcro on shoes Cameras on smartphones
cameras on smartphones
In the context of the four roles in an organizational change, the _____ is passionately com-mitted to a new idea or product despite rejection by others. inventor critic champion sponsor
champion
In the context of organization development, individuals experiment with new behavior and learn new skills to be used in the workplace during the: unfreezing stage. refreezing stage. negotiating stage. changing stage.
changing stage
When trying to overcome resistance to change, which approach is best suited when a crisis exists? Coercion Negotiation Top management support Participation
coercion
Plymouth Solution Source allocates resources to personnel and projects without immediate payoff and tasks are loosely defined. Plymouth Solution Source can best be described as a(n)_____ type of organization. experimental entrepreneurial cooperative creative
creative
___ is being used to gather creative ideas for solving social problems. Insourcing Reverse engineering Reverse innovation Crowdsourcing
crowdsourcing
A major shift in the norms, values, and mind-set of the entire organization is: team building. culture change. people change organizational development.
culture change
The Fins and Trappe Accounting Firm shifted its basic mind-set from an organization focused on billing to one dedicated to informing, educating, and serving customers. The firm is attempting: organization change. culture change. artifact change. people change.
culture change
During the refreezing stage of organization development: employees display new attitudes or values and are rewarded by an organization. managers gather and analyze data through personal interviews, questionnaires, and observations of meetings. employees experiment with new behavior and learn new skills to be used in a workplace. managers present information that shows discrepancies between desired behaviors or performance and the current state of affairs.
employees display new attitudes or values and are rewarded by an organization.
With an ambidextrous approach to change, managers: encourage the use of a customized, centralized approach for implementing changes. focus on incorporating processes that support creative impulse rather than the implementation of changes. encourage flexibility to innovate and use a less rigid approach for implementing innovations. focus on incorporating processes that facilitate the implementation of changes rather than the creation and initiation of ideas.
encourage the use of a customized, centralized approach for implementing changes.
Kurt Lewin developed which of the following, defining change as the result of the competition between driving and restraining forces? Organization development Just-in-time inventory control Force-field analysis Change agent
force field analysis
Organization development (OD) techniques can contribute to organizational revitalization by: encouraging stereotypical views among employees. developing an ethnocentric attitude toward market expansion. fostering commitment. restricting the search for new ideas within the boundaries of an organization.
fostering commitment.
Capstone Manufacturing has proposed some major structural changes within its organization. Some of the employees fear that the changes will lead to downsizing and wage reductions. They begin voicing resistance to the changes. Which of the following barriers to change are they exhibiting? Disagreements about the benefits Goals and rewards Self-interests Uncertainty
goals and rewards
The horizontal linkage model is best applied to a(n): stable environment. customer service environment. environment that does not require speed. high-pressure environment.
high pressure enviorment
The innovation roles strategy includes which of the following? Internal contests Idea champions Open innovation Creativity
idea champions
The exploration strategy includes which of the following? An idea champion A new-venture team An idea incubator A partner
idea incubator
The manager had his team generate ideas for developing the new product line. The top idea was assigned to another group where it could be developed and refined without interference. This second group would be an example of which of the following? Idea incubator Innovation by acquisition Crowdsourcing Idea champion
idea incubator
_____ is the degree to which a person adopts changes earlier than other people in a peer group. Innovativeness Stability Risk aversion Resistance
innovativeness
According to Fast Company, in 2013, Amazon was ranked among the World's Most Innovative Company for: speeding up delivery. shrinking the big box. bringing big data to the masses. revolutionary new products.
speeding up delivery
Which of the following statements is true of innovativeness? It is the extent to which a person adopts innovations later than other people in a peer group. It is undesirable when individuals and organizations are faced with a constant need to change. It is considered a positive characteristic in many companies. It is concerned exclusively with products and technologies.
t is the extent to which a person adopts innovations later than other people in a peer group.
In the context of managing the implementation of a change, _____ is most likely to be used when a change can get bogged down in squabbling among departments or contradictory orders from lower-level managers. top management support negotiation employee participation communication
top management support
Starlight Production has acquired three small studios and must consolidate services. The CEO has traveled to each of the locations and discussed the transition with all the local staff. Which of the following approaches to change implementation is the CEO using? Negotiation Participation Top management support Coercion
top management support