MGMT exam 3 q's pt 4

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specific ability test

Aptitude tests are also called ____.

Diversity Training and Practices

Awareness training Skill-based diversity training Diversity audits Diversity pairing Minority experiences

the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented

Conscientiousness is ____.

Career path

a planned sequence of jobs through which employees may advance within an organization. For example, a person who starts as a sales representative may move up to sales manager and then to district or regional sales manager

Compensation includes

both the financial and the nonfinancial rewards that organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

subjective performance measures

measures the job performance that require someone to judge or assess a worker's performance

Assessing the readiness and motivation or trainees: preconditions for learning that affect success are?

trainee readiness and trainee motivation

big five personality dimensions

extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, emotional stability

Which of the following statements about team development is true?

the growth stages are forming, norming, and performing

what is Interpretation

the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge

____ integrity tests indirectly estimate employee honesty by measuring psychological traits.

Personality-based

Strategical plans

Put together by top management. working towards the same goals. lower managers should adopt the plan.

_____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job. chp11

Selection

T or F In diversity pairing, people of different cultural backgrounds are paired for mentoring.

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?

The discrimination and fairness paradigm

the discrimination and fairness paradigm

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?

true

Surface-level diversity refers to differences such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure.

Which of the following statements is true regarding discrimination based on sex?

Although progress is being made, sex discrimination continues to operate via the glass ceiling at higher levels in organizations.

The job characteristics model describes five dimensions of a job. A job can be enriched by modifying one or more of these five dimensions. Which of the following methods of job enrichment involves modifying skill variety and task identity dimensions of a job? A) combining tasks B) forming natural work units C) establishing client relationships D) expanding jobs vertically E) opening feedback channels Answer: A

Background checks

used to verify accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves

Interviews

-companies ask applicants questions to determine if they are qualified for the job -frequently used and relied on

Franchise

McDonalds

Age discrimination

treating people differently (for example in hiring and firing, promotion, and compensation decisions) because of their age

Refer to Anglo American. The miners who work for Anglo American are examples of ____.

primary stakeholders

Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the _____ theory of leadership.

trait

____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.

a. Diversity- CORRECT b. Acculturation c. A discrimination management department d. Cultural satisfaction e. Reaffirmation

How do most employees react to job enrichment?

increased job satisfaction --- Explanation: The evidence on job enrichment shows it reduces absenteeism and turnover costs and increases satisfaction.

Patrick and Allison work at a local car dealership as sales persons and are paid on both salary and commission. What type of pay related motivation is being used? A) variable-pay program B) internal equity C) external equity D) skill-based plan E) flexible benefits

Pay-level decisions

Decisions about whether to pay workers at a level above, below, or at current market wages.

Affirmative action actually makes good business sense in terms of cost savings, the ability to attract and retain talent, and business growth.

False

_______ help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions

Aptitude tests are also called __________. a. specific ability tests b. cognitive ability tests c. personality tests d. work sample tests e. job-related achievement tests

Which of the following statements about Internet recruiting is true? a. Internet recruiting costs are considerably higher than traditional external recruiting methods b. the Internet allows companies to quickly reach large numbers of people c. the company will only receive applications from qualified people d. there are no drawbacks to Internet recruiting e. all of these are statements about internet recruiting are true

multinational corpoartion KNOW THIS TERM

a corporation that owns businesses in tow or more countries.

dynamic environment

a lot of change going on. example technology is always changing

Disability

a mental or physical impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities

diversity pairing

a mentoring program in which people if different cultural backgrounds, sex, or races are paired together to get to know each other and chance stereotypical beliefs and attitudes

Which of the following type of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs? a. specific ability tests b. cognitive ability tests c. personality tests d. achievement tests e. work sample tests

Jennifer applied for the job of a waitress at Sam's Coffee shop. During the recruitment, the recruiter asked her to make five different types of beverages and wait the tables for an hour. In this scenario, the recruiter performed a(n) _____ test. a. language b. work sample c. biodata d. personality e. cognitive ability

b. work sample

The fact a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of ___________ a. the four-fifths rule b. adverse impact rulings c. bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs) d. gender selectivity e. benefits and features for occupational quality (BROQs)

email users who received the email about P&G febreeze he would have used..... to understand the message

decoding

Refer to Anglo American. Even though Anglo American would not have been considered unethical if it had not begun the fight against AIDS, it chose to assume a social role of ____, the highest level of social responsibility.

discretionary responsibility

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____.

diversity has a broader focus

Who is in control of externally caused behavior?

due to outside factors, not your fault

The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is ____

duplication

people with high degree of ________ respond well under stress

emotional stability

outplacement services

employment counseling services offered to employees who are losing their job bc of downsizing

goal setting theory

goals can energize behavior

human resources

keeping developing finding good employees

A(n) _____ is defined as a group that has the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a product or service.

semi-autonomous work group

The mail sailors who would not teach her were exhibiting

surface level diversity

Initial screening methods: Short video clips that highlight applicants' qualifications beyond what they can communicate on their résumés

video resumes

Incorporating principles of learning: Trainees should be given opportunities to practice their job tasks that they will need to perform

active practice and repetition

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive

Refer to Gap. Gap was ignoring its discretionary responsibilities to society when it ____.

ignored the terrible treatment of overseas workers in the clothing industry

A positive relationship exists between telecommuting and supervisor performance ratings.

TRUE

Types of performance evaluations: Conducted by an employee's manager and reviewed by a manager one level higher

manager and/or supervisor evaluation

A family restaurant based in the English speaking providence of Ontario, was planning on opening a catering business in the French-speaking areas of Canada, This restaurant would need employees with which of the following dimensions of personality?

openness to experience

Personality dimensions: the degree to which someone is intellectual, philosophical, insightful, creative, artistic, and curious

openness to experience

Components of creative work environments

organizational supervisory work group freedom from impediments lack of organizational impediments challenging work

resistance forces

support the status quo, that is, the existing conditions in an organization

Who is most likely to engage in rumination?

"a 40-year old woman --- Explanation: Twenty years of study find women spend much more time than men analyzing the past, present, and future. By age 11, girls are ruminating more than boys. But this gender difference seems to lessen with age. Differences are largest during young adulthood and smallest after age 65, when both men and women ruminate the least.

What is discimination and fairness

Fair treatment, recruitment of minorities, compliance with employment laws

Which of the following statements about team compensation is generally true?

Skill-based pay is more effective for self-directing teams performing complex tasks.

S.M.A.R.T

Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic Timely

Social integration

the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective

validation

the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance; the better the prediction the more valid a test is said to be

internal recruiting

the process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from people who already work for the company

needs assessment

the process of identifying and prioritizing the learning needs of employess

what is Organization

the process of incorporating new information (from the stimuli that you notice) into your existing knowledge.

what is Attention

the process of noticing, or becoming aware of, particular stimuli. Because of perceptual filters, we attend to some stimuli and not others.

Communication

the process of transmitting information from one person or place to another

Which of the following is an example of deep-level diversity?

attitudes

Grand Strategies Growth Strategy

is to increase profits, revenues

intrinsic

natural rewards

Qualitative factors

workforce quality and company strategy

3 stages of moral development

1. Pre-convention 2. Conventional- Societal expectations 3. Post Conventional

Skills-based diversity training:

Flexibility and adaptability Negotiation and problem solving Conflict resolution

True or False Research has shown that performance capabilities decline with age.

According to Herzberg, the opposite of "satisfaction" is "dissatisfaction."

FALSE ---- The opposite of "satisfaction" is "no satisfaction" and the opposite of "dissatisfaction" is "no dissatisfaction

One of the disadvantages associated with Internet training is

the cost of equipment and technology

According to the JCM, the links between the job dimensions and the outcomes are moderated by ________. A) a high MPS B) the strength of the individual's growth need C) a low score on self-esteem D) experienced meaningfulness of the job E) autonomy

Tony is hiring a new salesperson to work in the Southwestern region for DowElanco, a retail chain. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an important source of information about the potential candidate? A. Application forms B. Advisors in college placement centers C. References D. Tests E. Personal interviews

B. Advisors in college placement centers

Topics to avoid in an interview

Children Age Disabilities Physical characteristics Name Citizenship Lawsuits Arrest records Smoking AIDS/HIV

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. There was a deep sense of distrust at HP when Hurd replaced Carly Fiorina as CEO. Which leadership behavior should Mark use to help improve the situation?

Consideration

While trying to understand his own needs, Jacob asks himself, "What is more important to me? Is it job satisfaction or financial incentives?" Jacob is trying to understand his need for _____. A. structure B. skills C. knowledge D. motivation E. response to stress

D. motivation

helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.

Diversity

The ____ is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organizations. a. organizational roadblock b. diversity bottleneck c. missing key d. missing rung e. glass ceiling

Skill-based pay encourages employees to concentrate on one or two highly desirable skills

FALSE ---- Skill-based pay is an alternative to job-based pay that bases pay levels on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do

When the CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke about Foreign Legion soldiers, it was an example of

Sexual Harassment

According to Milton Friedman, which of the following is a position opposing the stakeholder model of corporate social responsibility?

The time, money, and attention diverted to social causes undermine market efficiency

Sex discrimination

When people are treated differently because of their sex.

_______ interviewing typically leads to much more accurate hiring decisions (ie correctly predicting which job applicants will perform better, and therefore should be hired). a. structured b. unstructured c. scripted d. formalized e. scenario

What sort of benefit program would probably be the best choice?

a flexible benefit program ---- Jim needs a flexible benefits program which is a benefits plan that allows each employee to put together a benefits package individually tailored to his or her own needs and situation.

Diversity

a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among an organization's employees and customers

diversity

a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among an organizations employees and customers

The primary advantage of a structured interview is its ability to:

d. compare applicants more easily.

What is a drawback of external recruiting?

nepotism

Experience shows that the greatest value of representative participation is which of the following? A) increased motivation B) increased satisfaction C) symbolic D) decreased absenteeism E) increased commitment

______ are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior

norms

The least amount of autonomy is found in ____.

traditional work groups

rater training

training performance appraisal raters in how to avoid rating errors and increase rating accuracy

specific environment

unique to a firm's industry and directly affects the way its conducts daily business. Specifically impacts a certain type of business.

Job description

a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job

Which of the following is a factor that companies should carefully manage in order to increase the likelihood that teams will succeed?

bureaucratic immunity

surface level diversity

differences such as a sex, age, race/ethnicity and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable and easy to measure.

A type

disagreement that focuses on individuals or personal issues.

Functional turnover

loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave the organization

Deep-level diversity

consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors

True

reasonable accommodations for disabled worked include assistive technology.

Which of the following statements is true regarding job sharing? A) It expands jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work. B) It is also called cross-training. C) It allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job. D) It involves periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level. E) Job sharing is a method of job enrichment.

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

"FALSE --Explanation: The halo effect refers to the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic.

The two most common forms of participative management are works councils and board representatives.

FALSE

true

Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

Which type of recruiting sites cater to a highly specialized job market, often based on profession, industry, or education?

Niche sites

Can these factors affect a firm's recruiting strategy? True or false? the labor market for positions the firm is recruiting, the firm's recruiting abilities, the strength of the firm's brand

True

The job characteristics model describes any job in terms of five core job dimensions. Feedback is one of these five dimensions and it represents the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance.

True

Which of the following methods of training should be used when the objective of training is practicing, learning, or changing behaviors?

a. Role-playing

The two basic types of diversity training programs are ____.

awareness training and skills-based diversity training

What action can a medium-sized manufacturing company take if it wants to create a positive work environment; where every employee does his or her best work and individual differences are respected and not just ignored?

create a diversity program

Purposes of a performance feedback: providing feedback about an employee's strengths and weaknesses

developmental

Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable for employers to ask applicants during the selection process?

e. Have you ever been convicted of a crime?

piecework pay plans

employees are paid a set rate for each item produced up to some standard (e.g., 35 cents per item produced for output up to 100 units per day). Once productivity exceeds the standard, employees are paid a set amount for each unit of output over the standard (e.g., 45 cents for each unit above 100 units).

The two kinds of charismatic leaders are referred to as ____.

ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics

diversity

exists in an organization when there are a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.

Early retirement incentive program (ERIP)

offer financial benefits to employees to encourage them to retire early.

Contemporary research on equity theory focuses on ________ justice.

organizational ---- Recent research has expanded the meaning of equity. Historically, equity theory focused on distributive justice, the employee's perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals. Equity can also be considered from the standpoint of organizational justice, a larger perception of what is fair in the workplace.

Your referent comparison for equity theory is termed

other-inside ---- The referent that an employee selects to which to make the comparison adds to the complexity. The comparison in this example is another person inside the organization and would be termed "other-inside".

Process of creating a work environment in which people can perform to the best of the abilities

performance management

Methods for administering interview: Effective method and actually helps expand a company's talent pool

phone interview

Initial screening methods: is used to narrow down the field and save managers time

phone screening

Types of tests: assess a person's physical abilities for demanding and dangerous jobs

physical ability tests

The _____ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time so that all candidates are asked the same questions.

structured

adverse impact

-unintentional discrimination -occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others.

_____ refers to the emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

Affective conflict

True

Affirmative action is defined as the purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women. It is required by law for private employers with 15 or more employees.

Which of the following factors is considered while conducting an objective performance measure? chp11

Output of an employee

emotional stability

People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress.

Exporter

Sending your product out

Which of the following is a topic that can be asked during a job interview? chp11

The employment history of the applicant

Pay-variability decisions

The extent to which employees' pay varies with individual and company performance

A(n) _____ is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes.

Work Team

Variables in employment interview: (4)

applicant, context, interviewer, interview

Training methods: Aids in motivating employees and decrease absenteeism

classroom instruction

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must

conduct a job analysis

Surface-level diversity

consists of differences that are immediately observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure

What is the halo/horn effect?

forming a gerneral impression of a person on the basis of a since characteristic (+/-)

According to Mintzberg, which of the following are the three major roles managers fulfill while performing their jobs?

interpersonal roles, informational roles, and decisional roles

Variables in employment interview: process and outcome (hiring decision)

interview

Structured

interview uses only standardized, job related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates

the job design approach associated with.......... involves increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job and given workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work.

job enlargement job enrichment

Types of tests: designed to measure people's level of understanding about a particular job EX: CPA exam

job knowledge test

Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on ____, consideration impacts primarily on ____.

job performance; job satisfaction

Disadvantage of ERIP

may fail to predict if good or bad employees will retire and how many will retire

The major drawback to the use of virtual teams is ______.

members must learn to express themselves in new contexts

Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the ______ stage of team development.

norming

Types of interviews: Board of interviewers questions and observes a single candidate

panel interview

what are the four dimensions of surface-level diversity that many managers use to form initial impressions which can sometimes lead to discrimination

physical capabilities, gender, race/ethnicity, and age

From a legal perspective, the two kinds of sexual harassment are _____.

quid pro quo and hostile work environment

The ____ model holds that the only social responsibility that businesses have is to maximize profit.

shareholder

An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is _____.

sharing the financial value of performance gains

turnover costs

According to the text, ____ typically amount to more than 90 percent of employees' salaries

_____ is unintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others.

Adverse impact

learning and effectiveness

Bentley College launched a comprehensive diversity initiative that includes frequent diversity retreats for faculty, staff, and student leaders; innovative recruitment efforts; employee benefits for domestic partners; and extensive support services focused on race, gender, and disability. Bentley uses the ____ paradigm for managing diversity

What is neuroticism

Calm, enthusiastic, and secure or tense, nervous, and insecure

Diversity Principles

Carefully and faithfully follow and enforce federal and state laws regarding equal opportunity employment Treat group differences as important but not special Find common ground Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups Solicit negative as well as positive feedback Set high but realistic goals Treat every employee as an irreplaceable asset

_____ refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers.

Charismatic leadership

Which of the following statements explains why diversity makes good business sense?

Diversity helps companies attract and retain talented employees.

True

Diversity helps companies save money by reducing turnover, decreasing absenteeism, and avoiding expensive lawsuits.

Locus of control: Belief about whether the outcomes of our actions are

Driven by what we do internal locus of control Driven by events outside our personal control (destiny, luck, others' actions) external locus of control

911 operator

For which of the following positions would the hiring organization be most likely to require someone who has high degree of emotional stability?

Which of the following statements about employee separation is true? chp11

Functional turnover is the loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave the organization.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a pay-variability decision used to motivate employee performance?

Hierarchical pay

Which of the following is NOT an example of a pay-variability decision used to motivate employee performance? chp11

Hierarchical pay

How is gainsharing an improvement on profit sharing?

It focuses on productivity gains rather than profits. ---- It is different from profit sharing in that it ties rewards to productivity gains rather than profits. Employees in a gainsharing plan can receive incentive awards even when the organization isn't profitable.

What is a judging personality type?

Make most decisions easily Are serious, conventional Pay attention to time, are prompt Prefer to finish projects Work first, play later Want things decided See need for most rules Like to make, stick with plans Find comfort in schedules

piecework

One of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia are imported into the United States less expensively is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. The manufacturers operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan?

Which of the following is not a true statement about motivation theories

Only expectancy theory is valid for determining contemporary motivation ---- The theories are not all in competition with one another and do not invalidate each other. Many of the theories are complementary. The basic foundation of the integration of the theories is the expectancy model. All statements are true except (C).

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Organizational plurality is consistent with:

Participative management and representative participation are forms of ________. A) job rotation B) job enrichment C) employee involvement D) employee recognition E) employee incentives

Which of the following methods of training should be used for imparting information or knowledge to trainees? chp11

Planned readings

is defined as the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers

Position power

proctor and gamble has division for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby, and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses .......... departmentalization.

Product.

is the degree to which a person's reasons for pursuing a goal is consistent with the person's interests and core values.

Self-concordance ---- An outgrowth of self-determination theory is self-concordance, which considers how strongly peoples' reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values. If individuals pursue goals because of an intrinsic interest, they are more likely to attain their goals and are happy even if they do not

Grand Strategies Divest

Sell of the company

Piece-rate wages are a traditional form of variable pay compensation

TRUE ---- The piece-rate pay plan has long been popular as a means of compensating production workers by paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed

What is the primary advantage of the structured interview?

all applicants are asked the same questions

Successful organization culture

an organization is adaptable and consistent.

Norms

are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior

________ are extensive surveys that ask applicants questions about their personal background and life experiences.

biodata

the fact that a 98 pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60 pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of.....

bona fide occupational qualifications BFOQ

Under a sales _____ plan, salespeople are paid a percentage of the purchase price of items they sell.

commission

4 phases in chief learning officer: Needs assessment: task analysis analysis of the sets of skills and knowledge needed for decision oriented and for knowledge-oriented jobs measures only show "can do" factors such as knowledge, skills, and/or ability focus on the set of skills and knowledge employees need to be successful for decision-oriented and knowledge-intensive jobs

competency assessment

An individual's _____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

disposition

selection

do they have the ability to do what the team is doing, do they bring enough diversity, interpersonal skills to be an effective team number, conflict resolution.

Types of tests: right of an employer in accordance with drug-free workplace act of 1988

drug test

Capital Chemicals Corp. is facing a forthcoming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. The average age of an effective process operator in Capital Chemicals is 50. The voluntary early retirements of the highly qualified and experienced operators is an example of _____. chp11

dysfunctional turnover

An ESOP is an _____.

employee stock ownership plan

According to Bandura, what is the most important source of increasing self-efficacy?

enactive mastery ---- According to Bandura, the most important source of increasing self-efficacy is enactive mastery, that is, gaining relevant experience with the task or job. If you've been able to do the job successfully in the past, then you're more confident you'll be able to do it in the future.

External Methods for Recruiting: This method of recruiting is very expensive, but it is useful when companies have a position that is difficult to fill. A criticism of this recruiting method is that it may position senior applicants as superstars, driving up hiring costs and fees

executive search

What theory attempts to measure the strength of one's expectations and predict motivation?

expectancy theory ---- Expectancy theory says that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual

biographical data ( biodata)

extensive surveys that ask applicants questions about their personal backgrounds and life experiences

Diversity audits

formal assessments that measure employee and management attitudes, investigate the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and review companies' diversity-related policies and procedures

reengineering

fundamental rethinking and radical change of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service and speed.

What does legislation require almost every company in Western Europe to do?

have a form of representative participation ---- Almost every country in western Europe requires companies to practice representative participation, called "the most widely legislated form of employee involvement around the world."

authority compliance

high concern for production low concern for people

Selection: maximize these accurate prediction

hits

Middle managers will most likely have to:

implement the changes generated by top managers

4 phases in chief learning officer: methods and learning outcomes

implementation

Michael, the manager of Eastside Stores, does not care much about the production or his employees. He just wants to get through the day. He does not take any initiative and just does the minimum amount of work he is required to do to keep his job. In this context, Michael is using the _____ style of leadership.

impoverished management

Methods for this type of recruiting: internal job postings, identifying through performance appraisals (nine-box grid), skills inventories replacement charts

internal

change forces

lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time

In terms of leadership behavior, the term ____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

leadership

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. Critics say that Fiorina's weakness as CEO is that she focused too much on ____ and not enough on ____.

leadership; management

Decentralization

leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees.

employee turnover

loss of employees who voluntarily choose to leave the company

Incorporating principles of learning: Use of simple and understandable terminology during training

meaningfulness of presentation

Selection: avoid these inaccurate predictions

misses

Trait methods: Similar to other scale methods but based on comparison with (better than, equal to, or worse than) a standard They contain statements representing good, average, and poor performance

mixed-standard scale method

controlling

monitoring progress toward goal achievement and taking corrective action when progress isn't being made

job performance=

motivation*ability*situational constraints

Post-interview screening: Failure of an organization to discover, via due diligence, that an employee it hired had the propensity to do harm to others criminal records checks and credit checks

negligent hiring

Comparative diagram that includes appraisal and assessment data to allow managers to easily see an employee's actual and potential performance

nine-box grid

Do mentors have to be a certain age?

semi autonomous work group

not only provided advice and suggestions to management but also have the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks required to produce a product or service.

Voluntary separation

occurs when employees decide to quit or retire

The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group.

organizational plurality

A(n) ____ is a written test that estimates employee honesty by directly asking job applicants what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors.

overt integrity test

Result of an annual or biannual process in which a manager evaluates an employee's performance Uses the information to show the person where improvements are needed and why

performance evaluations

Training

providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance

External Recruiting Methods: work with recruiters to post their openings in online job banks

public employment agencies

affirmative action

purposeful steps taken by n organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women

A firm introduces job enrichment in order to motivate its employees. Evidence would suggest that which of the following is the most likely result of this change?

reduced absenteeism and turnover costs ---- The evidence on job enrichment shows it reduces absenteeism and turnover costs and increases satisfaction.

Establishing performance standards: measures that are consistent across raters and over time standards are quantifiable, measurable, and stable consistency

reliability

Subjective performance measures

require someone judge or assess a worker's performance -graphic rating scale most widely used because it is easy to construct and susceptible to errors

Performance evaluation methods: Focuses on the measurable contributions that employees make to the organization

results methods

four-fifths (80% rule)

rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than 80% of the selection rate for a non protected group

Attribution theory

says that we all have a basic need to understand and explain the causes of other people's behavior.

Leaders who possess the trait of ____ are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.

self-confidence

Appraiser inflates the evaluation of an employee because of a mutual personal connection

similar to me error

....... occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work.

social loafing

_____ occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work.

social loafing

The two general kinds of trade barriers are

tariff barriers and nontariff barriers

An accountant with ____ has the ability to create a budget, compare the budget to the actual income statement, and determine unnecessary expenses.

technical skill

Ethical intensity depends in part upon ____.

temporal immediacy

In a leaderless group discussion, trained observers watch and score each participant on

the extent to which he or she facilitates discussion, listens, leads, persuades, and works well with others

What is the behavioral component of an attitude?

the intention to behave in a certain way

Disability discrimination

treating people differently because of their disabilities

Methods for administering interview: Conducted via videoconferencing or over the web

video interviews

discrimination and fairness paradigm

which is the most common method of approaching diversity, focuses on equal opportunity, fair treatment, recruitment of minorities, and strict compliance with the equal employment opportunity laws

Types of tests: require the applicant to perform tasks that are actually a part of the work required on the job likely to have the highest level of validity with the lowest chance of adverse impact

work sample test

Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards

FALSE ---- Procedural justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards. With distributive justice, the employee's perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals

Research shows that in equity theory men prefer same-sex comparisons but women do not

FALSE ---- Research shows both men and women prefer same-sex comparisons

The acronym GATT stands for the

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades

Which of the following is used to track the qualifications of current employees and to locate internal talent for promotion from within?

Human resource databases

diversity

Is Not Affirmative Action

Research on employee stock ownership programs indicates that they are clearly successful in doing which of the following?. A) increasing employee satisfaction B) reducing salaries C) reducing stress D) increasing productivity E) increasing employee expectations

Research studies conducted on the participation-performance relationship show that the use of participation ________. A) enhances job satisfaction B) increases motivation C) has only a modest influence on employee productivity D) greatly influences employee attitudes E) lowers costs considerably

3 words to delegate

Responsibility Authority Accountability

What is conscientiousness

Responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented

True or False Turnover costs typically amount to more than 90 percent of employees' salaries

awareness training and skills-based diversity training

The two basic types of diversity training programs are ____.

Which of the following is a feature of above-market wages? chp11

They increase the time that employees stay

Disability Discrimination

When people are treated differently because of their disabilities.

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The 3 transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____

accountability

managers can motivate employee to increase their efforts by.....

asking employees what their needs are then matching rewards to those needs

Which of the following statements regarding downsizing is true? a. Downsizing refers to the revaluation or spitting of the organization's common stock b. downsizing typically leads to increased employee morale c. When downsizing, outplacement programs can help the company maintain a positive image in the community d. The best strategy for downsizing is to establish a tall organizational structure as quickly as possible e. Downsizing is seldom a planned strategy; it typically evolves as a result of environmental changes

What are the three classes of factors that influence perception?

factors in the perceiver, factors in the target, and factors in the situation -- Explanation: Three factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the perceiver; in the object, or target, being perceived; or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made.

Location: Competing firms are located in the same areas as required resources are abundant in the particular region

regional recruiting markets

What type of job interview might be used after a background question revealed the applicant had spent three years working in Africa convincing parents to allow their children to take polio vaccine?

semistructured

__________ focuses on the acceptance and celebration of differences to ensure that the diversity within the company matches the diversity found among its primary stakeholders.

the access and legitimacy paradigm

Glass ceiling

the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations

Which of the following is NOT an example of a stakeholder group that an organization must satisfy to assure long-term survival?

the media

The contrast effect suggests a candidate will be more highly evaluated if the previous interviews were also highly evaluated.

" FALSE -- Explanation: Contrast effect suggests that evaluation of a person's characteristics is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. In this case, if the previous interviews were highly evaluated, unless the current candidate is outstanding, he will be more likely to be negatively evaluated.

Finnish-based Assa Abloy is the world's biggest manufacturer of locks. It makes both Yale and Chubb brand locks. It has become a part of a national program in which employers are encouraging workers to continue working as long as they are physically able. To help its aging workers, the lock maker has provided them with magnifying lenses that give them the vision acuity they need to work on the small parts within a lock. These lenses are an example of ____. a. assistive technology b. job enrichment c. management reciprocity d. task reengineering e. disparity balances

Organizational plurality is consistent with ____. a. the paradigm of commonality b. the determination and fairness paradigm c. the learning and effectiveness paradigm d. the access and legitimacy paradigm e. none of these

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

Cognitive ability tests

false

Cognitive ability tests are also called aptitude tests.

Which of the following types of conflicts is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance?

Cognitive conflict

A skill-based pay plan is also called a ________ pay plan. A) piece-rate B) profit sharing C) merit-based D) knowledge-based E) commission-based

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward? A) bonus B) profit-sharing plan C) employee stock option D) employee recognition E) gainsharing

_____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

Disparate treatment

____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.

Diversity

improving the quality of problem solving

Diversity help companies grow by_.

Why were managers in India rated low by employees?

They tried to empower their employees through employee involvement programs ---- In one study on employee involvement, U.S. employees readily accepted these programs. However, managers in India who tried to empower their employees through employee involvement programs were rated low by those employees.

Minority experiences

This can be done by having top managers go to places or events where nearly everyone else is of a different sex or racial/ethnic background.

How can we reduce surface level diversity?

To reduce discrimination, companies can determine the hiring and promotion rates for different groups, train managers to make hiring and promotion decisions on the basis of specific criteria, and make sure that everyone has equal access to training, mentors, reasonable work accommodations, and assistive technology.

Job specification

a summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a job

virtual team

a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworker who use telecommunication and inform technologies to accomplish an organizational task

self designing

a team that has characteristics of self managing teams but also controls team design, work tasks and team membership

which of the following job positions most likely requires people with high degree of extraversion

salesperson

44) A satisficing decision maker ________.

seeks solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient -- Explanation: Because many problems don't have an optimal solution and are too complicated to be broken down into the parameters of the rational decision-making model, people tend to satisfice; that is, they seek solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. People generally choose the first acceptable solution to a problem.

Process of choosing individuals who have relevant qualifications to fill existing or projected job openings Goal is to maximize hits and avoid misses

selection

Emotional stability

the degree to which someone is not angry, depressed, anxious, emotional, insecure, and excitable

Federal employment

the intent of anti-discrimination is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions.

dysfunctional turnover

the loss of high performers who choose to leave, is a costly loss to the organization.

the media

Job analysis

A purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying then traditional work?

All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work

Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?

Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees

When AT&T hired Betsey Bernard as its president, it was evidence that AT&T does not have a(n) ____ to prevent women from rising to leadership positions. a. organizational roadblock b. diversity bottleneck c. missing key d. missing rung e. glass ceiling

Which of the following statements regarding cohesiveness is true?

Engaging in non-work activities as a team can help build cohesion.

Job rotation tends to increase productivity and decrease supervisory workload.

FALSE

_____ is also called avoidance learning.

Negative reinforcement

External recruiting

Process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from outside the company. Advertising Employee referrals Walk-ins Outside organizations Employment services Special events Internet job sites

True or False Surface-level diversity refers to differences such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure.

diversity pairing

Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring?

Works councils and board representatives are the two most common forms of ________. A) employee recognition B) representative participation C) participative management D) job enrichment E) employee benefits

.......... is the degree to which a job gives workers the directions, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.

autonomy

A _____ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and co-workers, as well as the employees themselves. a. grapevine appraisal b. 360-degree feedback c. reciprocal appraisal d. performance appraisal iteration e. circular feedback program

b. 360-degree feedback

Which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure? a. Production rate b. Behavioral observation scale c. Customer complaint rate d. Sales quota e. Revenue

b. Behavioral observation scale

With _____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes.

bureaucratic immunity

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true? a. Only people who have themselves been harassed can file complaints or lawsuits. b. Nonemployees cannot be guilty of sexual harassment c. Sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex d. The three kinds of sexual harassment are quid pro quo, bona fide, and disparate treatment. e. None of these statements about sexual harassment is true

What term is used for the extent to which an individual displays different behaviors in different situations?

distinctiveness --- Explanation: Distinctiveness is one of three determining factors that contribute to attribution theory perceptions. Determining whether the behavior is different from normally expected behavior of the target, refers to distinctiveness.

To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does federal employment law apply? a. selection decisions b. compensation decisions c. performance appraisals d. training and development activities e. all of these

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality dimensions

emotional stability

Ellie's Fresh Foods is an up-and-coming chain of supermarkets. It has branches in five cities. By the end of the next two years, it hopes to have branches in at least ten cities all over the country. In the context of motivation concepts, this is an example of a(n) _____.

goal

the preference for hiring relatives of current employees could lead to issues of favoritism

nepotism

The three stages of moral development identified by Kohlberg are ____.

preconventional level, conventional level, and postconventional level

recruiting

process of developing a qualified pool of job applicants

Brand, decision, focus, timing, method, location are elements of what?

recruiting strategy

What determines personality?

-heredity -environment -situation

_____ résumés are a form of life history, organized by type of experience. A. Utilitarian B. Strategic C. Conventional D. Standardized E. Functional

C. Conventional

How is gainsharing different from profit sharing? A) Gainsharing focuses on productivity gains rather than profits. B) Gainsharing rewards specific behaviors. C) Gainsharing does not distribute profits, only gains in profits. D) Gainsharing rewards behaviors that are less influenced by external factors. E) With gainsharing, superior employees can receive incentive awards even when the organization isn't profitable.

T or F A disability is defined as a mental or physical impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities

Research shows that works councils tend to be ineffective for which of the following reasons?

Works councils are dominated by management and their input has little impact on employees or the organization ---- The influence of representative participation on working employees seems to be minimal. Works councils are dominated by management and have little impact on employees or the organization.

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method? a. employee referrals b. career paths c. walk-ins d. employment services e. advertisements

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. According to the contingency theory, when Mark Hurd decided to lay off 14,500 employees, he was showing high ____.

position power

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

empathy

Location: Companies look globally for labor, to save costs and to attract the best talent

global recruiting markets

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?

job posting

Which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true?

Most employees and managers intensely dislike the performance appraisal process.

Which of the following countries has the highest rate of telecommuting in the world?

Netherlands ---- One study suggests that telecommuting is more common in the United States than in all the European Union (EU) nations except the Netherlands. In the study, 24.6 percent of U.S. employees engaged in telecommuting, compared to only 13.0 percent of EU employees. Of the EU countries, the Netherlands had the highest rate of telecommuting (26.4 percent).

What is the name of the theory that deals with how we explain behavior differently depending on the meaning we assign to the behavior of the actor?

attribution theory --- Explanation: Attribution theory is an attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused. We judge people differently, depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior. Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused.

What is job involvement attitude?

-How active/involved you are in a job. -How important job performance is to your self worth

Which of the following is a form of recognition? A) personal congratulations B) job enlargement C) job sharing D) flexible benefit packages E) profit sharing

Which of the following is not one of the methods of enriching jobs based on the job characteristics model? A) allow flexible work time B) establish client relationships C) open feedback channels D) combine tasks E) expand jobs vertically

During her second interview with Poly-Tex, Inc., April was jointly interviewed by the sales manager, the personnel manager, and a sales rep for Poly-Tex. They each had several questions for April. This interview was a _____ interview. A. group B. stress C. panel D. tension E. batch

C. panel

An individual's expectations have little effect on perception.

FALSE Explanation: Characteristics that affect perception include your attitudes, personality, motives, interests, past experiences, and expectations.

create a diversity program

Nestle is a company based in Switzerland with manufacturing plants in Columbia, Australia, Canada, Egypt, Kenya, and more than 90 other nations. Nestle is an example of a

Multinational corporation

Potential benefits of telecommuting include which of the following? A) a larger labor pool from which to select B) reduced office-space costs C) less turnover D) improved morale E) all of the above

What is another name for a self-fulfilling prophecy? ---

Pygmalion effect - Explanation: The terms self-fulfilling prophecy and Pygmalion effect describe how an individual's behavior is determined by others' expectations.

Which of the following describes the process of bringing international work back to the country of origin?

Re-shoring

Which of the following BEST describes the process of attracting the right person for the open job on a timely basis?

Recruitment

_____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job.

Selection

Which of the following types of teams has the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods?

Self-designing teams

cognitive ability test

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

how do companies typically fare when they are accused of discrimination and must go to court to defend themselves

companies lose, on average, two thirds of the discrimination cases brought against them

The primary advantage of a structured interview is its ability to: chp11

compare applicants more easily.

Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs)

compensate employees by awarding them shares of company stock in addition to their regular compensation

Affirmative action programs are typically designed to _____.

compensate for past discrimination

affirmative action programs are typically designed to

compensate for past discrimination

Criterion-related validity: Verifying the results obtained from a validation study by administering a test

cross-validation

The glass ceiling is most closely associated with ____

ethnic, racial, and gender discrimination

The glass ceiling is most closely associated with ____.

ethnic, racial, and gender discrimination

Types of tests: used to determine if a person uses drugs, has stolen from an employer, or has committed a serious undetected crime- cannot be used as part of the selection process for most jobs due to a law prohibiting its use

polygraph test

Criteria for Evaluating Training: Simplest approaches to evaluating a training program is by a participants

reactions

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?

the discrimination and fairness paradigm

most commonly used paradigms for managing diversity

the discrimination and fairness paradigm

With surface-level diversity, differences are immediately observable, easy to measure, and _____

typically unchangable

Ethical standards are less ambiguous in Asia than in the United States.

"FALSE Explanation: Although ethical standards may seem ambiguous in the West, criteria defining right and wrong are actually much clearer there than in Asia, where few issues are black and white and most are gray.

Giving an attribution an external causation means you assume that the individual is responsible for his or her own behavior.

"FALSE -- Explanation: Externally caused behavior is what we imagine the situation forced the individual to do.

Nicole's department sales have gone done recently. She told her husband that all of the sales representatives were lazy and that she was the only one holding the numbers up. In reality, all of the sales numbers have gone done, including Nicole's. Nicole's statement can be attributed to the tendency to use the self-serving bias to explain successes and failures.

"TRUE -- Explanation: Individuals and organizations also tend to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort, while putting the blame for failure on external factors such as bad luck or unproductive co-workers. This is the self-serving bias.

What is organizational commitment attitude?

-How closely you identify with organizational goals -How important staying at the organization is to you

2 ways to improve performance appraisal measures

-Objective and subject performance measures

Specific Aptitude Test

-Specific ability tests measure the extent to which an applicant possesses the particular kind of ability needed to do a job well. -Specific ability tests are also called aptitude tests because they measure aptitude for doing a particular task well.

Downsizing

-The planned elimination of jobs in a company. -May actually decrease productivity and lead to loss of skilled workers.

Work sample tests

-also called performance tests, require applicants to perform tasks that are actually done on the job -directly measure job applicants' capability to do the job.

How do you build relationships when you don't like all your employees?

-find one thing you like/respect -use faith towards them

4 management Functions

1. Planning 2. Organizing 3. Leading 4. Controlling

2 kinds of organizations external environments

1. general environments 2. specific environments

When a bad hiring decision is made, it is estimated that the cost of replacing the bad hire is how much of the employee's annual salary?

2 to 3 times

Which of the following job positions most likely requires people with high degree of emotional stability?

911 operator

Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements. Which of the following is designed to give an employee greater control of their schedule? A) flextime B) job centralization C) job rotation D) job enlargement E) job enrichment

Generally, a diversity program is created to ____. a. create a positive work environment b. implement a market growth strategy c. avoid internal recruiting d. supplement hiring benchmarks e. do all of these

Ned is particularly adept at designing and creating new fashions. In which of the following would Ned have the highest level of autonomy? A) doing alterations at the dry cleaners B) creating custom bridal gowns in a bridal store C) creating custom gowns and suits for a pageant store D) working as a private tailor for a local real estate agent E) working as a stylist for a local celebrity

Shawna works as a sales agent at a local big box electronics retailer in the camera department. Though she has been successful in her position, she has grown a bit tired and is suffering from overroutinization. Which of the following would be the best opportunity for job rotation for Shawna?

sexual harassment

A form of discrimination in which unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conducts of a sexual nature occurs.

diversity has a broader focus

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____.

cycle

A technology___begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

Karen is in search of a new job. She is of the opinion that the first step in making a good match between what she has to offer and a company's position is to determine what she needs. Therefore, she asks herself, "Can I work well when assignments are ambiguous, or do I need a lot of instruction?" The above statement indicates that she is trying to understand her need for _____. A. structure B. altruism C. knowledge D. motivation E. stress

A. structure

According to the JCM, the owner-operator of a garage show performs electrical repairs, rebuilds engines, does body work, and interacts with customers would score ________. A) high on task identity B) high on skill variety C) low on autonomy D) low on task significance E) low on skills variety

According to the Job Characteristics Model, the presence of the three psychological states (knowledge of results, experienced responsibility, and experienced meaningfulness) will A) increase motivation B) increase performance C) decrease absenteeism D) all of the above

Companies lose, on average, two-thirds of the discrimination cases brought against them.

According to the text, how do companies typically fare when they are accused of discrimination and must go to court to defend themselves?

________ measure is a measure of job performance that is easily and directly counted or quantified.

An objective performance

Job ________ expands jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work. A) sharing B) enrichment C) centralization D) enlargement E) rotation

The ____ within P&G's management has led the company to realize that Hispanic consumers "are more likely to support a company or brand that is active in their community." P&G has embraced this notion of community involvement with its "Avanzando Co Tu Familia" (Getting Ahead with Your Family) campaign. a. acculturation b. diversity c. affirmative action d. cultural organization e. organizational plurality

The fastest-growing population group in the United States is ____. a. Vietnamese-Americans b. Hispanic-Americans c. African-Americans d. Canadians e. Chinese-Americans

The job characteristics model describes five dimensions of a job. A job can be enriched by modifying one or more of these five dimensions. Which of the following methods of job enrichment involves modifying task identity and task significance dimensions of a job? A) combining tasks B) forming natural work units C) establishing client relationships D) expanding jobs vertically E) opening feedback channels

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____. a. discretionary diversity b. affirmative action c. organizational plurality d. cultural proaction e. acculturation

The two most common forms of representative participation are ________ and board representatives. A) quality circles B) work councils C) employee unions D) task teams E) self-regulatory organization

What is the main strength of job rotation? A) It eliminates management involvement. B) It increases motivation. C) It increases productivity. D) It decreases training costs. E) It decreases supervisor work load.

Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan? A) $20 for each hour of work B) $2 for each unit produced C) productivity bonus D) commission E) paying employees based on number of skills

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity is similar to the business growth advantage of diversity? a. the discrimination and fairness paradigm b. the access and legitimacy paradigm c. the learning and effectiveness paradigm d. the personal integration paradigm e. the cultural stereotype paradigm

A focus on utilitarianism as an ethical decision criterion promotes efficiency and productivity as well as a focus on the rights of individuals.

"FALSE Explanation: A focus on utilitarianism promotes efficiency and productivity, but it can sideline the rights of some individuals, particularly those with minority representation.

Jackson continues to put money into car repair even though he knows the car is a "lemon." This is an example of the availability bias.

"FALSE Explanation: Jackson is demonstrating escalation of commitment. Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.

Interviewers make perceptual judgments that are generally accurate during an employment interview.

"FALSE -- Explanation: But interviewers make perceptual judgments that are often inaccurate and draw early impressions that quickly become entrenched. Research shows we form impressions of others within a tenth of a second, based on our first glance.

____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other. a. Disposition b. Personality c. Motivation d. Self-concept e. Cognitive activity

________ is a participative process that uses employees' input to increase their commitment to the organization's success. A) Job enrichment B) Employee involvement C) Organizational reengineering D) Corporate restructuring E) Job sharing

In attribution theory, "distinctiveness" refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.

"TRUE -- Explanation: Distinctiveness refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations, helping to determine whether the behavior is unusual or normal.

______ ask raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance.

Behavioral observation scales

A ______is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves.

360-degree feedback (used to develop the employee through 4 sources)

According to the job characteristics model, ________ indicates the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance. A) task significance B) autonomy C) feedback D) task identity E) skill variety

An Ontario-based family restaurant that was planning on opening a catering business as a way to grow its business in the French-speaking areas of the country would need employees with which of the following dimensions of personality? a. empathy b. credibility c. openness to experience d. extraversion e. conscientiousness

The periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level is called job ________. A) enlargement B) expansion C) rotation D) sharing E) enrichment

Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting? A) an attorney who spends most of her time researching on the computer B) a copywriter for an advertising firm C) a car salesman who demonstrates the features of a new model of car D) a telemarketer who uses the phone to contact clients E) a product support specialist who handles queries sent by customers

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality dimensions? a. Machiavellian tendencies b. self-monitoring c. emotional stability d. positive/negative affectivity e. empathy

____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there. a. Cultural advantage b. Affirmative differentiation c. Diversity d. Cultural proaction e. Acculturation

The three categories of experience most often used in a(n) _____ résumé are education, work, and activities/hobbies. A. strategic B. academic C. conventional D. targeted E. functional

C. conventional

When actively recruiting highly qualified candidates who work in the same industry, which source of candidates accounts for as much as 30 percent of movement in labor?

Competitors

Diversity ____. a. exists in all organizations b. is used to create affirmative action c. is federally mandated d. can exist in an organization's employees and its customers e. is accurately described by all of these

Which of the follow is an internal recruitment method?

Employee referrals

what is agreeableness

Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting

Chandler is a new salesperson who is not sure what he should do. He is unsure about what is expected of him, and how his work will be rewarded by his company. The term that best describes what Chandler is experiencing is: A. ambiguous control. B. subliminal stress. C. directional incoherence. D. role ambiguity. E. indecisive implementation.

D. role ambiguity

The cover letter for your résumé sent in response to an employment ad: A. should focus on what you want the hiring company to do. B. should use boldface type to accent your experience and colorful phrases to attract readers' attention. C. should be no longer than one paragraph. D. should center on two or three reasons why the company should hire you. E. is accurately described by all of the above.

D. should center on two or three reasons why the company should hire you

disparate treatment

Darlene Jespersen worked in a sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she didn't wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when the sports bar implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Jespersen contended that it was an example of ____ because male employees did not have to wear makeup.

What is a perceiving personality type?

Difficulty making decisions Are playful, unconventional Less aware of time, run late Prefer to start projects Play first, work later Question need for rules Like to keep plans flexible, options open Want freedom to be spontaneous

Awareness training

Raises awareness of diversity issues Challenges underlying assumptions/ stereotypes employees may have

The vertical expansion of jobs is seen in ________. A) job rotation B) job enlargement C) job enrichment D) job sharing E) flextime

traditional work group

a group composed of two or more people who work together to achieve a shared goal

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____. a. make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations b. provide assistive technology c. actively recruit qualified workers with disabilities d. provide employees with training to address incorrect stereotypes e. do all of these

What is an advantage of bonuses over a merit-based pay plan? A) Employees don't view bonuses as a part of their salary. B) Bonuses improve flexibility of the workforce. C) Bonuses are paid based on a formula. D) Bonuses improve performance of the group as a whole. E) Employees are rewarded for recent performance.

As you compete for the job you want, knowledge about a potential employer is valuable. Which of the following is a valid source of information about the firm? A. Business reference books B. Its customers C. Its salespeople D. Its sales managers E. All of the above

E. All of the abpve

Most training given by firms to their experienced salespeople is: A. related to stress management. B. related to developing basic skills. C. related to adapting to the selling firm's corporate culture. D. sales skills related. E. product related.

E. product related

Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?

inspiring and motivating others

_____ is the degree to which someone is not angry, depressed, anxious, emotional, insecure, or excitable. chp12

Emotional stability

What is the most difficult level at which to assess training?

results or ROI

The Big Five Personality Dimensions

Extraversion Emotional stability Agreeableness Conscientiousness Openness to experience

Affirmative action is required by law for all private employers, while diversity is voluntary.

False

What is an intuitive personality type?

Focus on big picture, possibilities Admire creative ideas Notice anything new, different Are inventive, see what could be Think about future implications Trust their gut instincts Prefer to learn new skills Like to figure things out for themselves Work in bursts of energy

_____ is defined as a compensation system in which companies share the financial value of performance gains, such as increased productivity, cost savings, or improved quality, with their workers.

Gainsharing

disadvantages of using teams

Groupthink social loafers time it takes to make decisions

Product

Hallmark has 4 departments. 1. Flowers and Gifts 2. Cards and E-cards 3. Hallmark Collectables 4. Photo Albums and Scrapbooks Hallmark uses ___ departmentalization

_____ can be best defined as the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force.

Human resource management

true

Job analysis is a purposeful and systematic process of collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

Laura only makes minimum wage, but she loves her job Her supervisor regularly compliments her and she has been chosen employee of the month twice this year. Which of the following is Laura's attitude most likely a function of? A) recognition B) motivation C) goal setting D) involvement E) reactance

Innovation

Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in an organization.

____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other.

Personality

___ integrity tests indirectly estimate employee honesty by measuring psychological traits.

Personality-based

Potential benefits of telecommuting include which of the following? A) a larger labor pool from which to select B) reduced office-space costs C) less turnover D) improved morale E) all of the above

PROPER way to do on-the-job training

Prepare, Reassure, Orient, Perform, Evaluate, Reinforce and Review

Which of the following regularly offers a Web site to members with job postings, job placement, and job referral services for those members seeking new positions?

Professional associations

Nikolas needs to come up with a creative design logo for his new client. What should Nikolas do to increase his creativity.

Put on some up-beat happy music and run ideas by coworkers. --- Explanation: Moods, such as happiness, that encourage interaction with the world are more conducive to creativity than passive moods, such as calm. Nikolas should do what he can to interact and be happy.

Researchers report that which of the following was considered by employees to be the most powerful workplace motivator? A) recognition B) money C) opportunity for advancement D) autonomy E) vacation time

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

Resistance to change will not occur when those affected by the change participate in its planning and implementation.

wrongful discharge

Sharron Grant-Burton was a marketing director for Covenant Care, owner of skilled-nursing and assisted-living facilities. During a discussion of the fairness of the company's bonus structure with other marketing directors, Grant-Burton said she did not receive a bonus because her executive director "did not believe in them." Several days later, Grant-Burton was fired and told she had been terminated for a number of unspecified reasons, including her comments about bonuses. This is an example of a ____.

Traditional benefit packages were designed for the typical employee of the 1950s; a stereotype that now fits fewer than 10% of employees

TRUE ---- Modern day flexible benefits plans replace the "one-benefit-plan-fits-all" programs designed for a male with a wife and two children at home that dominated organizations for more than 50 years. Fewer than 10% of employees now fit this image: About 25 percent are single, and one-third are part of two-income families with no children. Flexible benefits can accommodate differences in employee needs based on age, marital status, spouses' benefit status and number and age of dependents

Burton is the founder of Netball.com, an online gaming site. He hired a few developers and a few experts in marketing. He set the goal of making Netball one of the top ten Internet gaming sites in the next five years and clearly defined the job responsibilities of each of his employees and the procedures that were to be followed in order to achieve that goal. Which of the following situational factors that determine the favorability of a situation is emphasized in this scenario?

Task structure

Technological Discontinuity

The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was an

Which mobile recruitment tool allows a firm to engage a large number of applicants, prescreen resumes, acquire email addresses, and then contact candidates who are a potential fit for open positions?

Virtual job fairs

What are modular benefit plans? A) essential benefits and a menu-like selection of other benefits B) pre-designed packages of benefits to meet the needs of a specific group of employees C) they require employees to set aside funds up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for services D) a scheme designed for single employees with no dependents E) a scheme designed for employees with families

What does legislation require almost every company in Western Europe to do? A) Have a form of representative participation. B) Provide employee ownership. C) Provide flextime. D) Set up quality circles. E) Have flexible benefit options.

What is a main strength of job rotation? A) It eliminates turnover. B) It increases motivation. C) It increases productivity. D) It decreases training costs E) It decreases supervisor workload.

What is the goal of representative participation? A) for workers to own the firms where they work B) to help workers' self-esteem C) to provide greater motivation and productivity D) to redistribute power within the organization E) to empower high-level managers

Racial or Ethnic Discrimination

When people are treated differently because of their race or ethnicity.

Which one of the following is not one of the guidelines for enriching jobs? A) ensure employees perform one small part of a task B) establish client relationships C) open feedback channels D) combine tasks E) expand jobs vertically

Why may job enrichment strategies be less effective in more collectivist cultures? A) The JCM is relatively individualistic. B) The core job characteristics are not equally applicable across cultures. C) Collectivist cultures do not focus on intrinsic job characteristics. D) The JCM has not been translated into other languages.

Which of the following may be a disadvantage of introducing this type of pay plan?

Your employer may pay for skills that they aren't using ---- Research found that some companies were paying people more even though there was little immediate use for their new skills.

A __________ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and co-workers, and the employees themselves a. 360-degree feedback b. performance appraisal iteration c. reciprocal appraisal d. grapevine appraisal e. circular feedback program

To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following? a. Before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve b. Employees should fired if they develop a health problem that will put an unforeseen burden on the company's insurance carrier c. employees should never be fired in private d. While written records are not necessary managers should be sure to verbally report the reason for the firing to the human resource department e. None of these statements describes what a manger should do to minimize the problems inherent in firing employees

piecework

a compensation system in which employees are paid a set rate for each item they produce

the job of the concepts managers at Starbucks is to use a cross functional team to develop four to six new beverages annually. Starbucks uses a cross functional team because ......

allows the company to use employees from various departments with varying perspective to attack the task.

Bona fide occupational qualification

an exception in employment law that permits sex, age, religion and the like to be used when making employment decisions, but only if they are 'reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business (monitored by Equal Emp. Opp. comm)

Types of tests: process by which managerial candidates are evaluated and they participate in a series of situations that resemble what they might need to handle on the job

assessment center tests

The two basic types of diversity training programs are _____.

awareness and skills-based

Additional training and development programs: Remedial training for adults is a full-blown educational industry

basic skills training

Decision makers construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity. That is, they operate within the confines of ________.

bounded rationality -- Explanation: The limited information-processing capability of human beings makes it impossible to assimilate and understand all the information necessary to optimize. So most people respond to a complex problem by reducing it to a level at which they can readily understand it. This simplified level is called bounded rationality.

motion study

breaking each task or job into its separate motions and then eliminating those that are unnecessary to repetitive.

_______ is the ability to make changes without first getting approval from managers.

bureaucratic immunity

Types of tests: measure mental capabilities such as general intelligence, verbal fluency, numerical ability, and reasoning ability

cognitive ability tests

Which is not one of the steps in the rational decision-making model?

computing the decision perceptions --- Explanation: The rational decision-making model follows a six-step process. The steps are: 1) Define the problem; 2) Identify the decision criteria; 3) Allocate weights to the criteria; 4) Develop the alternatives; 5) Evaluate the alternatives; 6) Select the best alternative. Computing the decision perceptions is not a step in the model.

Hormel Foods had to recall 104,000 pounds of Stagg canned chili—labeled "hearty beef with a kick of green chilies"—after the kick turned out to come from the ground-up parts of a plastic handheld calculator. The recall was the application of which management function?

controlling

Southern Living magazine was forced to pull an issue off newsstands and mail warnings to 2.5 million subscribers after it became clear that a recipe for dinner rolls described as "little pillows from heaven" was considered controversial. The management function of ____ was used when the warnings were mailed to subscribers.

controlling

Training Methods: Programs combine practical on-the-job experience with formal classes (3)

cooperative training, internships, and governmental training

______ is the loss of high-performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company.

dysfunctional turnover

People with high degree of _____ respond well under stress

emotional stability

Which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?

emotional stability

What term is used for a participative process that uses the entire capacity of employees and is designed to encourage increased commitment to the organization's success?

employee involvement ---- Employee involvement is a participative process that uses employees' input to increase their commitment to the organization's success. The logic is that if workers are engaged in decisions that affect them and have increased autonomy, they will become more motivated, committed, productive, and satisfied with their jobs

perpetuate existing employee demographic and potentially discriminatory an internal recruitment method employed by organizations to identify potential candidates from their existing employees' social networks.

employee referral

quid pro quo

employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion or simply keeping ones job depend on wether an individual submits to sexual harassment.

4 phases in chief learning officer: reactions, learning, behavior, results

evaluation

Methods for what type of recruting: advertisements, walk-ins and unsolicited applications and resumes, the internet, social media, mobile, job fairs, employee referrals, recruiting, executive search firms, educational institutions, work-study programs and internships professional associations and labor unions, public employment agencies, private employment agencies, staffing agencies, independent contractors, employee leasing

external

diversity pairing

in the nursing home industry, pairing two younger workers with an older worker creates more job opportunities for the older workers. Furthermore, this pairing could be a significant advantage in nursing homes where an older worker may have more sensitivity to aging problems. this would be an example of a type of mentoring called____.

According to expectancy theory, in order for employees to be highly motivated, ____ must be high.

instrumentality

Quick way to find qualified employees interested in a position

internal job posting

What is the most commonly used search tactic by job seekers?

internet searches

Variables in employment interview: experience/training age, sex, race, etc. perception, nonverbal cues, goals

interviewer

unstructured interviews

interviewers are free to ask applicants anything they want, and studies show that they do.

Unilever has operations in 150 countries. Recently, Unilever took 100 of these top managers on a jungle retreat to Costa Rica. To the dismay of Unilever's chair, there were no women in the group. Upon investigation, he learned that only one woman had even been invited. As the retreat progressed, its participants commented on the richness of diversity in nature and how everything needs diversity to grow. These comments caused Unilever's chair to establish an executive committee to examine practical ways to overcome barriers to women's promotion. They decided to avoid setting numerical targets because they encourage positive discrimination and instead examined recruitment and promotion practices. Refer to Unilever. This is an example of a diversity program because it ____.

is done voluntarily

Linking pay to performance

is intended to increase employee motivation, effort, and job performance

deep-level diversity

is reflected in differences that can be recognized only through extended interaction with others. Examples include differences in personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values. In short, recognizing ______requires getting to know and understand co-workers better.

Cohesiveness

is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it

what is retention

is the process of remembering interpreted information

closure

is the tendency to fill in the gaps where information is missing, that is, to assume that what we don't know is consistent with what we already do know.

primary source document for completing a task needs analysis for training

job description

External Recruiting Methods: Recruiters set up booths, meet prospective candidates, and exchange employment information This recruiting tool is particularly effective if a company wants to draw a large number of applicants from a particular geographic region. Some companies, concerned about recruiting in too narrow a location, will use a virtual version of this recruiting tool. Identify whether each of the following statements is descriptive of independent contractors

job fairs

according to some industrial psychologists....... is a function of motivation times ability times situational constraints

job performance

research shows that while initiating structure impacts primary on......... consideration impacts primary on......

job performance job satisfaction

What is another term for cross-training?

job rotation --- Explanation: Job rotation, or the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level, is also called cross-training.

Bona fide occupational qualifications are most likely to be included in a(n) _____.

job specification

Bona fide occupational qualifications would be most likely included in a(n) ____.

job specification

What is stereotyping?

judging someone on the basis of our perception of a group they are a part of

Feedback is more likely to be destructive than constructive when its...

judgmental

Criteria for Evaluating Training: Testing the knowledge and skills of trainees before and after a training program will help determine their improvement

learning

learning and effectiveness

Which of the following training methods is most appropriate for imparting information or knowledge to trainees? When the objective of training is practicing, learning, or changing behaviors?

lectures and planned readings; role playing

Ramin wood, which is used to make pool cues and picture frames, was declared an endangered species and its export is regulated by the government of Indonesia. In spite of attempts to control the sale of the wood, it is still being carried across Indonesia's national borders and sold in Malaysia where government officials pretend the wood was legally acquired. Companies that buy the illegally-acquired wood in Malaysia are ignoring their ____ responsibility to society.

legal

Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

legal to hire someone on basis of sex, religion or national origin when it is reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business

3 factors that affect an employee's performance: career ambition, goals and expectations, job satisfaction and frustrations, fairness perceptions, relations with coworkers

motivation

The three components of _____ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort.

motivation

global consistency

multinational company has offices, manufacturing, plants, and distribution facilities in different countries

Statistical approach: Selection decision model that requires an applicant to achieve some minimum level of proficiency on all selection dimensions

multiple cutoff model

What continuum in the two-factor theory is made up of the hygiene factors?

no dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction ----Herzberg proposed that his findings indicated the existence of a dual continuum: The opposite of "satisfaction" is "no satisfaction," and the opposite of "dissatisfaction" is "no dissatisfaction."

Types of interviews: Maximum amount of freedom is given to the applicant in determining the course of the discussion

nondirective interviews

Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the _____ stage of team development.

norming

In equity theory, individuals assess the

outcome-input ratio ---- Equity theory is a theory that says that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. Employees perceive what they get from a job situation (salary levels, raises, recognition) in relationship to what they put into it (effort, experience, education, competence) and then compare their outcome-input ratio with that of relevant others.

Which of the following is not an organizational constraint to decision making?

personality --- Explanation: Performance evaluations, reward systems, formal regulations, and system-imposed time constraints are all influences on decision making that generates from the organization. Personality is an individual constraint in decision making.

Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and need for sex?

physiological ----Maslow hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs. The lowest, most basic needs are physiological. They include hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs.

piecework

training programs use self-directed learning tools like books, manuals, or computers

programmed instruction

Recruitment Metrics: Metric that measures how well new hires have gotten up to speed are performing, and their retention levels

quality of fill

Central Tendency Error

rate all workers as average or in the middle of scale

Practice of outsourcing an organization's recruiting function to an outside firm organizations use these because: they want to focus on their core functions and need to fire a lot of employees or hire employees quickly

recruiting process outsourcing (RPO)

consideration impacts

relationships and consideration when assigning tasks

According to the ____ model, management's most important responsibility is long-term survival (not just maximizing profits). Long-term survival, according to this model, is achieved by satisfying the interests of multiple corporate stakeholders.

stakeholder

When F. Scott Fitzgerald said, "The very rich are different from you and me," and Hemingway replied, "Yes, they have more money," Hemingway refused to engage in what shortcut to judge others?

stereotyping --- Explanation: Stereotyping is defined as judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs. Relying on this type of generalizations helps a person make decisions quickly. They are a means of simpli

What do we call it when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs?

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. In doing a better job of implementing Fiorina's strategy for HP, Mark Hurd is using which form of leadership?

strategic leadership

Establishing performance standards: performance standards linked to organizational goals and competencies individual standards directly relate to strategic goals

strategic relevance

David's boss has just moved his software testing deadline up by two days. David was working overtime to complete the assignment with the previous deadline, but now he doesn't see how it will be physically possible to test every aspect of the software by the new deadline. As a result, David will have to cut corners and only test certain aspects of the product. He is sure there will be bugs that go unnoticed. David is a victim of which organizational constraint?

system-imposed time constraints --- Explanation: David's organization has placed a time constraint on his decision making, in which it is difficult, if not impossible, for him to gather all the information necessary to produce optimal work. He is the victim of a system-imposed time constraint.

4 phases in chief learning officer: Needs assessment process of determining what the content of a training program should be on the basis of a study of the tasks and duties involved in the job determine the exact content of the training program

task analysis

Which of the following is Theory X consistent with

the autocratic style of managing people ---- Theory Y is consistent with participative management and Theory X with the more traditional autocratic style of managing people

awareness training

training that is designed to raise employees awareness of diversity issues and to challenge the underlying assumptions they may have about others

Awareness training

training that is designed to raise employees' awareness of diversity issues and to challenge the underlying assumptions or stereotypes they may have about others

Skills-based diversity training

training that teaches employees the practical skills they need for managing a diverse workforce, such as flexibility and adaptability, negotiation, problem solving, and conflict resolution

According to an article from CIO Magazine, "Leadership grows from courage and integrity." From this opening statement, you know the article will discuss leadership from the ____.

trait theory viewpoint

Racial and ethnic discrimination

treating people differently because of their race or ethnicity

Who is in control of internally caused behvior

under your control

Dennis is a team lead at Informtech Inc. He does only those things that are beneficial to him instead of the company. He puts his interest before the interest of the company and keeps information confidential if there is a loss to the company because of him. In this context, Dennis is most likely a(n) _____.

unethical charismatic

adverse impact

unintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are intentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained at substantially lower rates than others.

One of the methods of job enrichment is to expand jobs vertically. This method involves modifying the ________ dimension of the job. A) task significance B) autonomy C) feedback D) task identity E) skill variety

Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has high degree of extraversion? a. wholesale plant nursery operator b. salesperson c. market researcher d. bookkeeper e. computer technician

John is a design manager for a production company. He independently assigns teams, chooses projects, researches trends, and is able to work from home two to three days a week. He provides a status report to the design director once a month. Based on this description and as per the job characteristics model, it's safe to say that John's job is high in ________. A) task identity B) feedback C) autonomy D) task significance E) skill variety

Which of the following is an illegal question to be asked in an interview? A. What do you consider to be your greatest strengths and weaknesses? B. Why should I hire you? C. Are you married, and if so, what characteristics do you think drew your spouse to you? D. Do you think your grades are an accurate indication of your academic achievement? E. What do you know about this particular company's organizational culture?

C. Are you married, and if so, what characteristics do you think drew your spouse to you?

Damon is experiencing role ambiguity in his new sales job. Which of the following can he do to overcome this problem? A. Take on a greater workload B. Ask for higher commissions C. Ask his superior for further instructions D. Speak to an ethics officer E. Request to be assigned to a different department

C. Ask his superior for further instructions

An advantage of _____ is that it broadens workers' skills and increases their capabilities while also making their work more varied and interesting.

Cross-Training

Which of the following statements about team training is true?

Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.

Which of the following statements is true about references? A. The most frequently contacted references are coworkers. B. Permission is never required while using a particular person as a reference because this creates a bias. C. Similar references should be chosen, such as three professors or three coworkers. D. Contacting references is a good way to validate information supplied on the application form. E. All of the above statements about references are true.

D. Contacting references is a good way to validate information supplied on the application form.

An individual cannot sell something that bores him/her. According to this statement, which of the following questions is one you should ask yourself to help you avoid a job selling something you'll find boring? A. Do I prefer to set my own deadlines, or do I need deadlines set by others? B. Am I propelled more by financial incentives, personal recognition, or the satisfaction of just getting a task completed? C. Am I a risk taker, or do I prefer more secure activities? D. Do I prefer mechanical and technical topics, or am I more disposed to art, fashion, and merchandising? E. Can I work well when assignments are ambiguous, or do I need a lot of instruction?

D. Do I prefer mechanical and technical topics, or am I more disposed to art, fashion, and merchandising?

Which of the following is one of the most common forms of felt stress? A. Contextual uncertainty B. The stress interview C. Subliminal terror D. Role stress E. Situational stress

D. Role stress

Which of the following statements is true about the cover letter sent with your résumé as a part of your response to a job posting? A. Unlike sales letters, cover letters should focus on the company's financial stability. B. Never telephone the company to which you mailed your application because such calls are seen as pushy. C. Your cover letter should be short and contain no more than two paragraphs. D. Use an attention-getting statement in the beginning. E. Your cover letter should primarily focus on your educational achievements.

D. Use an attention-getting statement in the beginning

improving marketplace understanding

Diversity helps companies grow by ____.

What is another term for cross-training? A) work enrichment B) job sharing C) work enlargement D) job enhancement E) job rotation

With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines skill variety? A) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) the degree to which work activities generates direct and clear information about performance C) the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and procedure D) the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities

T or F Conscientiousness is the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting.

..... is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force.

Human Resources management

When external workers are hired to do work that was previously done internally, what has taken place?

Outsourcing

true

Surface-level diversity refers to differences such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure

T or F Among the paradigms for managing diversity, only the learning and effectiveness paradigm focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences in addition to dealing with surface-level diversity.

Age Discrimination

Treating people differently in hiring, firing, promotions, or compensation because of their age.

Which of the following has not been shown to be a benefit of flextime? A) reduced absenteeism B) improved productivity C) increased meaningfulness D) increased satisfaction E) improved promptness

hierarchical pay

Which of the following is NOT an example of a pay-variability decision used to motivate employee performance?

empathy

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

Why are flexible benefit plans consistent with expectancy theory's thesis? A) They allow organizations to minimize costs associated with benefits. B) They provide a suite of tangible rewards that can be offered as motivation. C) Flexible benefits individualize rewards. D) They make employment at firms providing such programs more attractive. E) The motivation to gain extra benefits promotes productivity.

assessment centers

a series of managerial simulations, graded by trained observers, that are used to determine applicants capability for managerial work

_____ ask raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance. a. Behavioral observation scales b. Trait rating scales c. Graphic rating scales d. Observational research studies e. Objective performance measures

a. Behavioral observation scales

While assessing the performance of his subordinates over the past year, a manager has rated all the employees under him as average. The best and the worst performers received the same rating. In this context, a _____ error has occurred. a. central tendency b. leniency c. recency d. syntax e. contrast effect

a. central tendency

Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring?

a. diversity audits b. diversity pairing- CORRECT c. role-playing d. awareness training e. the Delphi technique

Types of tests: collect biographical information about candidates that has shown to correlate with on the job success

biodata tests

Which of the following is another term for initiating structure leadership behavior?

concern for production

adding cost factors and divide by the number of people hired

cost of recruitment

Extent to which a selection tool predicts, or significantly correlates with, important elements of work behavior

criterion-related validity

Behavioral methods: Unusual event that denotes superior or inferior employee performance in some part of the job Manager keeps a log or diary for each employee throughout the appraisal period and notes specific incidents related to how well they perform

critical incident

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?

d. Job posting

Job evaluations

determine the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it.

Job evaluation

determines the worth of each job by determining market value of skills required to perform it

Planning

determining organizational goals and a means for achieving them

In order to ensure that women have the same opportunities for development and advancement as men, companies should ______.

develop mentoring programs

What are the two purposes of a performance evaluation?

developmental and administrative

About half of the companies using 360-degree feedback for performance appraisal now use the feedback only for

developmental purposes.

Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ______.

groups of 10 or larger

Which of the following traits refers to the extent to which leaders are truthful with others?

honesty

Refer to Hewlett-Packard. As Mark Hurd began his role as CEO, he needed to ____ to improve the performance of his management team.

initiate structure

leading

inspiring and motivating workers to work hard to achieve organizational goals

open system

interact with their environment and depend on them for survival. open to the environment and interacting with it

Agreement among two or more interviewers EX: two interviewers score a structured interview in similar ways

interrater reliability

Plays a central role in the selection process Practical when there are only a small number of applicants Serves other purposes, such as public relations maintain great faith and confidence in their judgments

interviews

shareholders

invested money in the company

perception

is the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments.

A _______ is a written summary of the qualifications needed to perform a particular job.

job specification

Decentralization

leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

Personality dimensions: the degree to which someone is secure, calm, independent, and autonomous

neuroticism

Involuntary separation

occurs when employers decide to terminate or lay off employees

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

occurs when employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job, depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed. -economic injury

4 phases in chief learning officer: Needs assessment examination of the environment, strategies, and resources the firm faces so as to determine what training it should emphasize

organization analysis

______ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other

personality

Affirmative action

purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women

Which of the following job positions most likely requires people with high degree of extraversion?

salesperson

When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, they were acting in the role of ____.

secondary stakeholders

Shortcuts in judging others include all of the following except ________.

self-serving bias --- Explanation: Self-serving bias, the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for failures on external factors, is not included in the shortcuts for judging people.

structured interviews

standardized interview questions are prepared ahead of time so that all applicants are asked the same job-related questions

Used to improve effectiveness of recruiting: asking managers about how satisfied they are with the recruitment process To help recruit the right kinds of candidates, firms develop employee profiles done to new hires to check on their satisfaction level and those who turned down jobs can provide valuable information as to why

surveys

Experience shows that the greatest value of representative participation is which of the following?

symbolic ---- : Research shows that "the greatest value of representative participation is symbolic. If one is interested in changing employee attitudes or in improving organizational performance, representative participation would be a poor choice."

cognitive ability test

tests that measure the extent to which applicants have the abilities, in particular speed, verbal comprehension, numerical aptitude, general reasoning and spatial aptitude

Which of the following statements about Internet recruiting is true?

the company will only receive applications from qualified people.

extraversion

the degree to which someone is active, assertive, gregarious, sociable, talkative and energized by others

which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity

the discrimination and fairness paradigm

Organizational plurality is consistent with ______.

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Under the stakeholder model, ____ would be an example of a stakeholder group that does not engage in regular transactions with the company and is not critical to its long-term survival but can still affect public perceptions and opinions about the company's socially responsible behavior.

the media

Two people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently. Where do the factors that operate to shape their dissimilar perceptions reside?

the perceivers -- Explanation: Because the target and the situation are the same, the difference in perception must be in the perceivers themselves. Characteristics that can affect perception include perceiver attitudes, personality, motives, interests, past experiences, and expectations.

What is the most relevant application of perception concepts to OB?

the perceptions people form about each other --- Explanation: In the application of perception concepts to OB, person perception, or the perceptions people form about each other, is the most relevant. Nonliving objects such as desks, machines, and buildings have no beliefs, motives, or intentions, but people do. Therefore, we attempt to explain why people behave in certain ways.

Needs assessment

the process of identifying and prioritizing the learning needs of employees -training should never be done without conducting this first

line of authority

the right to command immediate in the chain of command

Jim is a student who cannot work at writing a paper for more than 30 minutes, yet he can spend many hours writing comments on blogs. What accounts for the change in motivation in this case?

the situation ---Explanation: But the same student who finds it difficult to read a textbook for more than 20 minutes may devour a Harry Potter book in a day. For this student, the difference in motivation is the situation.

reinforcement theory

theory that behavior is function of its consequences, that behaviors followed by negative consequences or not

Teams should NOT be used when:

there is no clear, engaging purpose.

Secondary stakeholders are important to a company because ____.

they can affect public perceptions and opinions

The access and legitimacy paradigm

to create a demographically diverse work force in order to attract a broader customer base. -focusses on differentiation

Eastman Kodak owns a company that manufactures dental radiation equipment. The company, which is run as an independent unit, has experienced excessive financial losses the last three years. The ____ for the company would be expected to develop the long-term plans needed to make the company profitable.

top manager

Effort initiated by an organization to foster learning among its members Narrowly focused and oriented toward short-term performance concerns

training

Explain the mechanics of the rating system How managers should keep performance records and review them How frequently the evaluations are to be conducted Who will conduct them What are the standards of performance How to go about preparing for evaluations Alert raters to the weaknesses and problems of appraisal systems so that they can be avoided

training appraises

skills based diversity training

training that teaches employees the practical skills they need for managing a diverse work force, such as flexibility, and adaptability, negotiation, problem solving and conflict resolution

_______ would determine how well the background check predicted actual job performance.

validation

Initial screening methods: Designed to distinguish between successful and unsuccessful employees an approach to collecting and scoring background information from job applicants. It involves scoring applicant background in a quantitative manner based on the proven "best responses" to each application item.

weighted application blank (WAB) or scorred application form

In May 2005, U.S. Attorney Michael J. Sullivan announced that the United States had settled civil claims arising out of a suit that alleged Oracle Corporation had violated the False Claims Act in connection with billing the federal government for software training services. The U.S. government learned about the overcharging from a former Oracle vice president. The vice president acted as a(n) ____.

whistleblower

You decide that your first job should be to remedy the hygiene factors. Which are they?

working conditions ---Conditions such as quality of supervision, pay, company policies, physical working conditions, relationships with others, and job security are considered hygiene factors or extrinsic factors.

The concept of bounded rationality assumes that the decision maker will complicate the problem.

"FALSE --Explanation: Bounded rationality assumes that the decision maker will simplify the problem. Because the human mind cannot formulate and solve complex problems with full rationality, people operate within the confines of bounded rationality, constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.

Utilitarianism dominates business decision making.

"TRUE Explanation: Utilitarianism is the ethical criterion in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. This view dominates business decision making today.

companies use ERIPs to

-reduces number of employees, lowers costs, create new openings

The three-component model of creativity proposes that individual creativity requires expertise, creative-thinking skills, and intrinsic task motivation.

"TRUE Explanation: The three-component model of creativity proposes that individual creativity essentially requires expertise, creative thinking skills, and intrinsic task motivation. Studies confirm that the higher the level of each, the higher the creativity.

Brenda has been told that her students have been selected for her class because they are the most intelligent in their grade. She finds that they consistently perform above average work. This may be an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy.

"TRUE --- Explanation: The term self-fulfilling prophecy describes how an individual's behavior is determined by others' expectations. If Brenda expects big things from her students, they're not likely to let her down.

Aberdone Company has redesigned the jobs of the workers in accounts receivables. Instead of simply billing customers, they are now responsible for what were once management tasks, such as following up on non-payment, determining when bills will be sent to a collection agency, and which accounts receivables can be written off as non-collectable. Which of the following methods of job enrichment is used in this example? A) task combination B) vertical job expansion C) formation of natural work units D) establishing client relationships E) opening feedback channels

An advantage of the ________ plan is that benefits accrue to groups of workers, high-performing workers pressure weaker performers to work harder, improving performance for the group as a whole. A) merit-based pay B) gainsharing C) skill-based pay D) piece-rate pay E) profit sharing

As a manager, you like the plan because it ________. A) reduces the stress experienced by the employees on the job B) increases workforce flexibility C) decreases social loafing D) decreases payroll costs E) decreases employee turnover

Recently, the cable television networks have bombarded viewers with a variety of shows based around teams that come in to redecorate homes and gardens in a very short time frame. Since these teams are typically made up of men and women of different ethnic backgrounds, age, and physical capabilities, the fact they work so well with each other to accomplish the redecorating goal is an example of ____. a. discrimination heterogeneity b. social integration c. organizational plurality d. acculturation e. an integrative locus of control

Job analysis collects 4 kinds of information

-Work activities -Tools and equipment used to do to the job -Context in which the job is performed (actual working conditions/schedule) -The personnel requirements for performing the job (knowledge, skills, abilities)

E-Learning Disadvantages

-not always the appropriate method -not effective for changing behavior or developing problem- solving skills -require significant investment in technology -many employees find it boring and unengaging

Connie works as a nurse at the local hospital. She was very pleased recently when she was awarded "Employee of the Month", received her picture on the wall, and a gift card to the hospital commissary. Which type of reward has Connie received? A) both intrinsic and extrinsic B) just intrinsic C) just extrinsic D) neither intrinsic nor extrinsic E) variable intrinsic and extrinsic

Conscientiousness is ____. a. the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented b. the degree to which someone is curious c. the degree to which someone is active and gregarious d. the degree to which someone is cooperative, flexible, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting e. defined by none of these

Finland is sometimes called the "Japan of Europe" because of its (1) industries and (2) large baby boomer population. The Finnish government is working to change the perception of older workers and encourage Finnish companies to abandon mandatory retirement plans. What kind of surface-level diversity is the Finnish government hoping to achieve? a. age b. attitudes c. beliefs d. ethnic e. values

How does gainsharing help the group as a whole? A) The high performers pressure weaker ones to work harder and improve overall performance. B) The high performers can help the low performers by taking on their responsibility. C) The new employees and low performers do not have a part in the overall gains accrued to the group. D) The group's overheads are distributed evenly across the group. E) The group's responsibilities are distributed evenly across the group.

The term ____ refers to the degree to which someone is organized, hard-working, responsible, persevering, thorough, and achievement-oriented. a. conscientiousness b. agreeableness c. emotional stability d. locus of control e. empathetic

Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring? a. diversity pairing b. diversity audits c. awareness training d. role-playing e. the Delphi technique

Performance evaluation methods: Provide more action-oriented information to employees

behavioral approaches

he two basic types of diversity training programs are ____. a. mentoring and role-playing b. organizational plurality and individual autonomy c. role-playing and computer simulation d. computer simulation and role-playing e. awareness training and skills-based diversity training

Kirk's résumé is organized around the things he can do and the things he has learned. He has developed a(n) _____ résumé. A. standard B. academic C. conventional D. placement E. functional

E. functional

When preparing a _____ résumé, begin by listing the qualities you have that you think will help you get the job. A. standard B. academic C. conventional D. placement E. functional

E. functional

When Betsey Bernard became president of AT&T, she credited her rise to top management to her mother who showed her that a woman could work and have a family and to Eunice Assani, a woman who indoctrinated Bernard with a love of continuous development. Bernard's mother and Assani to a greater extent served as ____. a. mentors b. benchmarks c. glass shatterers d. gender analysts e. boundary spanners

Which of the following is the distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs? A) joint decision making B) autonomy C) commitment D) productivity enhancement E) quality improvement

Effective

doing the right things

background check

Estimates of from 2 percent to 20 percent of a taxicab company's driver workforce could result as new federal regulations requiring that all drivers be fingerprinted and the drivers checked to see if they have a criminal record. This new ____ will cause a worsening problem for the already over-extended employer

T or F The Big Five dimensions of personality are autonomy, Machiavellianism, empathy, locus of control, and affectivity.

True or False Affirmative action actually makes good business sense in terms of cost savings, the ability to attract and retain talent, and business growth.

True or False Mentoring programs in companies generally do not help women advance in their careers.

The job characteristics model describes any job in terms of five core job dimensions. Task significance is one of these five dimensions and it represents the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work.

False

The learning and effectiveness paradigm for managing diversity focuses on the acceptance and celebration of differences; so that the diversity within the company matches the diversity found among primary stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, and local communities.

False

Stephani is leading a project in conjunction with a team from Finland. She has assigned each team member a different part of the assignment and is surprised that the motivation level in the teleconference seems very low. The Fins are most likely not motivated because

Finland is a country that has high nurturing scores and the team would be happier working as a group ---- Countries that score high on nurturing characteristics such as Denmark, Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands, and Finland, rate social needs on top. Group work will motivate employees more when the country's culture scores high on the nurturing criterion

what is learning and effectiveness

Integrating deep-level diversity differences Personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values Achieve organizational plurality Maximize benefits of member skills to organization No segmentation based on particular groups

Assa Abloy is the world's biggest manufacturer of locks. It makes both Yale and Chubb brand locks. When it looked at its employee composition, it discovered that it had created a "two-humped camel." Its workers were either over 50 or under 30 because the company had done little hiring during the 1980s and 1990s. ____ was needed to get these two groups to respect each other's work abilities. a. discrimination heterogeneity b. social integration c. organizational plurality d. acculturation e. an integrative locus of control

what are the purposes of performance management: (4)

performance evaluation, development, analytics, and documentation

Why are flexible benefit plans consistent with expectancy theory's thesis?

Organizational rewards should be linked to each individual employee's goals. ---- Consistent with expectancy theory's thesis that organizational rewards should be linked to each individual employee's goals. Flexible benefits individualize rewards by allowing each employee to choose the compensation package that best satisfies his or her current needs and situation.

Which of the following factors is considered while conducting an objective performance measure?

Output of an employee

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

People with disabilities have better safety records.

_____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other

Personality

What are the four dimensions of surface-level diversity that many managers use to form initial impressions which can sometimes lead to discrimination?

Physical capabilities, gender, race/ethnicity, and age

What does it mean when the text says that the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines use a "carrot and stick" approach?

The Guidelines offer lower fines to companies that take proactive steps.

The Japanese are increasingly considering job sharing to ________. A) increase flexibility B) avoid layoffs C) add more part-time positions D) accommodate working mothers E) stimulate the economy

Investors bragged about their investing expertise during the stock market rally between 1996 and early 2000. Knowing individuals rely on the self-serving bias to explain failure, which of the following explanations would an investor be most likely to state after the market imploded in 2000?

The analysts did not look at the numbers properly. -- Explanation: The self-serving bias places the blame for failure on external factors such as bad luck or unproductive co-workers, rather than taking personal responsibility for the failure. Therefore, the investor is likely to blame the analysts for not looking at the numbers properly. In each of the other choices the investor either assumes responsibility for his losses, or does not blame others.

The downside of telecommuting from the employee's perspective is ________. A) the "out of sight/out of mind" effect B) no overtime earned C) too many promotions D) high costs for computer equipment E) 24 hours on call

Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has high degree of extraversion?

a. market researcher b. bookkeeper c. salesperson- CORRECT d. computer technician e. wholesale plant nursery operator

The underlying logic of employee involvement is that by involving workers and increasing their autonomy and control over their work lives, employees will become all of the following except more ________. A) motivated B) competent C) productive D) satisfied E) committed to the organization

When managers give developmental feedback, they're acting as coaches, but when they give administrative feedback, they're acting as judges.

These roles, coaches and judges, are clearly incompatible. As coaches, managers are encouraging, pointing out opportunities for growth and improvement, and employees are typically open and receptive to feedback. But as judges, managers are evaluative, and employees are typically defensive and closed to feedback.

According to come industrial psychologists, job performance is a(n) __________ function of motivation, ability, and situational constraints a. circular b. multiplicative c. nonlinear d. additive e. corollary

Grand Strategies Stability Strategy

to continue doing what the company has been doing, just doing it better

Why do people satisfice?

They lack the capability to assimilate and understand all the information necessary to optimize. --- Explanation: Because many problems don't have an optimal solution and are too complicated to be broken down into the parameters of the rational decision-making model, people tend to satisfice; that is, they seek solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient. People generally choose the first acceptable solution to a problem.

What is the key advantage to using an executive search firm to find an ideal candidate?

They target ideal candidates, including passive candidates.

Departmentalization

This organizational structure was perceived as a way to enhance the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge. Institutions providing higher education have traditionally used ____

make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.

Performance evaluation methods: Based on people's characteristics continue to be used despite their subjectivity

trait approaches

_____ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.

Training

As compared to men's career choices, women's career choices are more likely to choose jobs or careers that also give them the greater sense of accomplishment, more control over their work schedules, and easier movement in and out of the workplace.

True

The three different methods or paradigms for managing diversity are the discrimination and fairness paradigm, the access and legitimacy paradigm, and the learning and effectiveness paradigm.

True

improving the quality of problem solving

U.S.-based McKinsey & Co., the global consultancy, draws its consultants from more than 40 countries. A benefit of its global hiring is that it raises cultural sensitivity. In other words, this benefits McKinsey & Co by ____.

What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where employees acquire stock as part of their benefits? A) MBO program B) job redesign C) ESOP D) quality circle E) piece-rate

Which approach to putting the JCM into practice is usually met with less than enthusiastic results by employees? A) job enlargement B) job rotation C) vertical loading D) participative management E) involvement

____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other.

a. Disposition b. Cognitive activity c. Motivation d. Personality- CORRECT e. Self-concept

Personality dimensions: degree to which someone is talkative, sociable, active, aggressive, excitable

extroversion

Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions

help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

"References Etc" will pose as a prospective employer, call a prior employer on an employee's behalf, and find out what the former employer is saying. If the prior employer provides unsubstantiated negative information, then the job applicant _______.

can sue for defamation

resistance to change

caused by self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change.

Which of the following is common type of rating error to which managers are prone in the performance appraisal process?

central tendency error

The term _____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

compensation

the term ______- refers to the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, preserving thorough and achievement oriented

conscientiousness

what action can a medium sized manufacturing company take if it wants to create a positive work environment in which every employee does his or her best work and individual differences are respected and not just ignored.

create a diversity program

The author of The Science of Good and Evil describes his meeting with the founders of Google in the book. He described them as visionary leaders, which means their primary goal for being in business is to ____.

create a positive image of the future

Which of the following actions can a medium-sized manufacturing company take if it wants to create a positive work environment; where every employee does his or her best work and individual differences are respected and not just ignored?

creating a diversity program

What segment of the three-component model of creativity encompasses personality characteristics that are associated with imagination?

creative thinking skills --- Explanation: The second component is creative-thinking skills. This encompasses personality characteristics associated with creativity, the ability to use analogies, and the talent to see the familiar in a different light.

What trait does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a problem and even see problems that others are not aware of?

creativity --- Explanation: A rational decision maker also needs creativity, the ability to produce novel and useful ideas, to appraise problems and find original solutions.

Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of _____.

d. hostile work environment

training program, its human resources managers discovered that Americans typically reach decisions very quickly. One German manager described them as "hip shooters." He said, "We [Germans] are more analytical. We're more logical and systematic." This discovery had to do with ____.

deep-level diversity

Which of the following is not an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?

equity among co-workers ---- The research on goal-setting theory concludes that goal specificity and definition, challenge, and feedback all have an impact on performance

Distributional errors: Performance rating error in which all employees are rated about average

error of central tendency

What is the term used for an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information?

escalation of commitment -- Explanation: Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong. Individuals most often escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as responsible for the failure.

Refer to Oakland Athletics. Other teams have an average payroll of $85 million. Beane's payroll for the Athletics is only $33 million. His ability to be frugal and yet build a successful team is in large part due to his ability to set goals, give directions, and assign tasks. In other words, Beane excels in ____.

initiating structure

What are the three key elements of motivation?

intensity, direction, and persistence ---The three key elements of motivation are intensity, direction, and persistence. Intensity describes how hard a person tries. Effort directed toward, and consistent with, the organization's goals is the direction of the motivation. The persistence element measures how long a person can maintain effort.

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?

job posting and career paths

In order to be considered _____, recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisals, and employee separations must be valid and be directly related to the important aspects of the job, as identified by a careful job analysis.

job related

An individual's place in the interview schedule may affect the interviewer's evaluation of the applicant. This is an example of the halo effect.

"FALSE --Explanation: Contrast effect suggests that evaluation of a person's characteristics is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. Because of contrast effect your place in the interview schedule could affect the interview evaluation.

It has been well documented that individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as responsible for the failure.

"TRUE Explanation: Individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as responsible for the failure. They ""throw good money after bad"" to demonstrate their initial decision wasn't wrong and to avoid admitting they made a mistake.

Training can be evaluated in four ways

-on reactions (how satisfied trainees were with the program) -on learning (how much employees improved their knowledge or skills) -on behavior (how much employees actually changed their on-the-job behavior because of training) -on results (how much training improved job performance, such as increased sales or quality, or decreased costs).

A ____ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves.

360 degree feedback

An individual's ____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner. a. disposition b. personality c. motivation d. locus of control e. attitude

Bentley College launched a comprehensive diversity initiative in 1993 that includes frequent diversity retreats for faculty, staff, and student leaders; innovative recruitment efforts; employee benefits for domestic partners; and extensive support services focused on race, gender, and disability. Since the purpose of its diversity program is to integrate deep-level differences into the university culture, Bentley uses the ____ paradigm for managing diversity. a. learning and effectiveness b. reward and equality c. access and legitimacy d. equality and support e. discrimination and fairness

Research on employee stock ownership plans indicates that they ________. A) increase employee satisfaction B) decrease company profits C) reduce stress experienced by employees D) decrease productivity of employees E) increase employee turnover

Which of the following statements is true regarding an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)? A) Under this plan employees acquire stock often at below-market prices. B) Research on ESOPs indicates that it does not affect employee satisfaction. C) ESOPs for top management tend to increase unethical behavior. D) Research on ESOPs indicates that ESOPs drastically improve employee performance. E) ESOPs are also called competency-based pay plans.

Amalgamated Industries manufactures parts for furniture. Management has decided to change the method of payment to a skill-based plan. You are interested in increasing your current compensation and see this as an opportunity. Which of the following may be a disadvantage of introducing this type of pay plan? A) Employees will become less motivated. B) Employees will become more specialized. C) Employees will tend not to work as hard as before. D) Your employer may pay for skills that they aren't using. E) Your employer will have less control over what each employee does.

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

An employee is late because of a flat tire. --- Explanation: Externally caused behavior is what we imagine the situation forced the individual to do. If an employee is late for work, and you attribute his arriving late to an automobile accident or a flat tire, then you are making an external attribution.

A ________ pay plan pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal ratings. A) piece-rate B) merit-based C) skill-based D) profit sharing E) competency-based

Diversity helps companies grow by ____. a. creating discrimination benchmarks b. improving the quality of problem solving c. undoing targeting mistakes d. requiring the centralization of all marketing and human resources activities e. punishing those who have engaged in discrimination

In a recent meeting, the San Mateo County Supervisors voted unanimously to conduct a(n) ____, which would provide an accounting of how well the makeup of local boards and commissions reflects the racial, gender, cultural, geographic, and ethnic diversity of the county. a. diversity comparison b. diversity audit c. employee-oriented attitudinal review d. individual SWOT analysis e. stereotypical audit

Why is decision making a perceptual issue?

Before a decision is made, a problem must be perceived to exist. --- Explanation: Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem, or a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state. Decision making becomes perceptual, because one person's problem is another person's satisfactory state of affairs. First a problem must be perceived to exist.

67. Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity not only takes into account surface-level diversity but also focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values into the actual work of the organization? a. the discrimination and fairness paradigm b. the access and legitimacy paradigm c. the learning and effectiveness paradigm d. the cultural stereotype paradigm e. the personal integration paradigm

In which of the following variable-pay programs is the pay level based on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do? A) bonuses B) piece-rate pay C) skill-based pay D) gainsharing E) merit-based pay

Participative management is a method of management where ________. A) representatives of workers form work councils and these councils must be consulted when management makes decisions about employees B) few representatives of workers sit on a company's board of directors C) subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors D) low-level workers meet occasionally with the CEO to discuss problems within their department E) low-level workers are responsible for making corporate policy decisions

The ________ pay plan has long been popular as a means of compensating production workers by paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed. A) competency-based B) gainsharing C) piece-rate D) profit sharing E) merit-based

The term ____ refers to the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good natured, tolerant, and trusting. a. conscientiousness b. emotional stability c. agreeableness d. locus of control e. self-reliance

The two major forms of employee involvement are participative management and ________. A) organizational restructuring B) job sharing C) representative participation D) job rotation E) job enlargement

Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity? a. the paradigm of organizational diversity b. the Machiavellian paradigm c. the learning and effectiveness paradigm d. the affirmative action paradigm e. the sociocultural paradigm

Which of the following statements is true regarding job rotation? A) It decreases the flexibility with which an organization can adapt to a change. B) It decreases employee motivation. C) It decreases productivity. D) It decreases supervisory workload. E) It decreases the flexibility in scheduling work.

You are looking at flextime and realize that it will probably work least well for which of the following jobs? A) insurance billers B) custodial workers C) receptionist D) equipment maintenance staff E) IT personnel

You notice that members of the janitorial staff are low skilled and are suffering from overroutinization of their work. They are most likely to be motivated by ________. A) employee stock options B) skill-based pay plan C) job rotation D) merit-based pay plans E) gainsharing

____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding. a. Acculturation b. Cultural satisfaction c. Diversity d. A discrimination management department e. Reaffirmation

People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress. a. conscientiousness b. openness to experience c. agreeableness d. emotional stability e. empathy

_____ is what happens when the role demands more than the person can perform. A. Ambiguous control B. Subliminal stress C. Role conflict D. Role ambiguity E. Role overload

E. Role overload

A gainsharing pay plan pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal ratings.

FALSE

Job sharing expands jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work.

FALSE

In which benefit plan are employees given benefit credits to purchase additional benefits to add to the core? A) modular plans B) core plus plans C) flexible spending plans D) ESOPs E) employee recognition plans

BCG Matrix

Is a portfolio strategy that managers use to categorize their corporations. Stars- companies that have a large share of a fast-growing market. Question marks- Are companies that have a small share of a fast-growing market. cash cows- Are companies that have a large share of a slow growing market. dogs- are companies that have a small share of a slow-growing market.

Merit-based pay plans are based on ________. A) union negotiations B) performance appraisal ratings C) company profits D) company productivity improvements E) company stock performance

T or F The three different methods or paradigms for managing diversity are the discrimination and fairness paradigm, the access and legitimacy paradigm, and the learning and effectiveness paradigm.

True or False Diversity helps companies save money by reducing turnover, decreasing absenteeism, and avoiding expensive lawsuits

True or False Whereas men's career and job choices are often driven by the search for higher pay and advancement, women are more likely to choose jobs or careers that also give them the greater sense of accomplishment, more control over their work schedules, and easier movement in and out of the workplace.

True or False Affirmative action and diversity are not only different in their definitions but also in their purpose, how they are practiced, and the reactions they produce.

Perception refers to the way we organize and interpret the world around us.

TRUE -- Explanation: Perception is a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Participation typically has only a modest influence on variables such as motivation and job satisfaction

TRUE ---- A careful review of the research at the individual level shows participation typically has only a modest influence on variables such as employee productivity, motivation, and job satisfaction.

The work arrangement that doesn't seem to be widely adopted by employees is ________. A)flextime B) core hours C) telecommuting D) job sharing E) employee involvement

What is flextime's major drawback? A) Not all employees have computers. B) Not everyone wants to work part-time. C) It is not applicable to every job. D) Tardiness increases. E) It is hard to find compatible employees.

Which of the following is not one of the core job dimensions in the JCM model? A) task significance B) feedback C) autonomy D) status E)skill variety

Diversity

Variables in employment interview: purpose of the interview, laws and regulations, economic issues, physical setting, interview structure

context

Which of the following is a legal problem employers may encounter in seeking, providing, or using employment references as part of the selection process?

defamation lawsuits

An ESOP is an ____

employee stock ownership plan

disparate treatment

intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, color, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

Which of the following desires would most likely be common to a worker in China, Australia, Kenya, Canada, and Kuwait?

interesting work ---- The desire for interesting work is important to almost all workers, regardless of their national culture

Markets in which workers are hired into entry-level jobs and higher-level jobs are filled from within

internal labor markets

Financial incentives are the greatest motivator in the short term perspective, but over time ________ is more motivation

recognition ---- Research suggests financial incentives may be more motivating in the short term, but in the long run nonfinancial incentives.are more powerful, with recognition ranking number one among employees.

As CEO of UPS, Michael Eskew transformed the company from a package delivery service to a logistics expert so it could serve as a traffic manager for corporate America. As a transformational manager, Eskew ____.

used intellectual stimulation to encourage his employees to take innovative approaches to problem solving

Leon Dodd is a member of a self-managed team at Standard Aero Alliance, Inc. (SAAI). His team's top priorities are understanding customer requirements and expectations. It would appear that SAAI is:

using its employees to create a competitive advantage

Which of the following terms involves making decisions so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number?

utilitarianism -- Explanation: Utilitarianism is a system in which decisions are made to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. Decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes.

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

utilitarianism, rights, and justice --- Explanation: There are three ways to frame decisions ethically. The first ethical yardstick is utilitarianism, in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. Another ethical criterion is to make decisions consistent with fundamental rights. A third criterion is to impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially to ensure justice or an equitable distribution of benefits and costs.

What is generally considered to be the single best thing that managers can do to improve performance?

set specific, challenging goals ---- Setting specific, challenging goals for employees is the best thing managers can do to improve performance.

Training Methods: Emphasizes realism in equipment and its operation at minimum cost and maximum safety Used when it is either impractical to train employees on the actual equipment used on the job

simulation

The justice criterion for decision making requires that individuals impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so there is an equitable distribution of benefits and costs.

"TRUE Explanation: To impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially to ensure justice or an equitable distribution of benefits and costs describes the justice criterion for ethical decision making. For example, it justifies paying people the same wage for a given job regardless of performance differences and using seniority as the primary determination in layoff decisions.

One person's problem may be considered by another person to be a satisfactory state of affairs.

"TRUE --- Explanation: Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem. That is, a discrepancy exists between the current state of affairs and some desired state, requiring consideration of alternative courses of action. Because of perspective, one person's problem is another person's satisfactory state of affairs.

An in-basket exercise is

-a paper-and-pencil test in which an applicant is given a manager's in-basket containing memos, phone messages, organizational policies, and other communications normally received by and available to managers

An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job is called ________. A) flextime B) job sharing C) job rotation D) telecommuting E) job enrichment

What action can a medium-sized manufacturing company take if it wants to create a positive work environment in which every employee does his or her best work and individual differences are respected and not just ignored? a. remove the glass ceiling b. use internal loci of control c. create a diversity program d. narrow the span of management e. downsize

T or F The learning and effectiveness paradigm for managing diversity focuses on the acceptance and celebration of differences so that the diversity within the company matches the diversity found among primary stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, and local communities

_____ is one of the disadvantages associated with the use of work teams.

Social loafing

In expectancy theory, the strength of a person's motivation to perform depends, in part, on how strongly he believes he can achieve what he attempts

TRUE ---- Expectancy theory is a theory that says that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual

Jobs that are high on motivating potential must be high on at least one of the three factors that lead to experienced meaningfulness, and they must be high on both autonomy and feedback

TRUE ---- From a motivational standpoint, the JCM proposes that individuals obtain internal rewards when they learn (knowledge of results) that they personally (experienced responsibility) have performed well on a task they care about (experienced meaningfulness).

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity?

employee stock ownership plan

a compensation system that awards employees shares of company's stock in addition to their regular compensation

a hostile work environment

Leone thinks that because her employee, Josef, went to an Ivy League college he is very knowledgeable, and always asks his opinion on the firm's investments. In reality, Josef knows very little about investing, but makes sure he reads up on it so that he can give an informed opinion to Leone. What has occurred in this situation?

a self-fulfilling prophecy -- Explanation: Josef's behavior is determined by Leone's expectations. When expectations become reality it is a self-fulfilling prophecy.

job specifications

a written summary of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a particular job

Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related. a. True b. False

a. True

Which of the following is NOT an example of a pay-variability decision used to motivate employee performance? a. piecework pay d. hierarchical pay c. sales commission d. stock options e. profit sharing

Two of the most important results of a job analysis are _____.

c. job descriptions and job specifications

internal recuiting method

career paths

Sex discrimination

continues to operate via the glass ceiling at higher levels in organizations

Profile of a worker developed by studying an organization's top performers in order to recruit similar types of people surveying their top performers about what they like to do, what events they attend, what websites they visit, and how they like to be contacted and recruited recruit similar top performers

employee profile

The _____ is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organization. chp12

glass ceiling

United Fruit Company is the owner of the Chiquita brand of bananas. United Fruit emphasized how the fruit was to be picked and packed for transportation and shows no concern for the workers. United Fruit can be considered using _____ type of managing.

initiating structure

Performance appraisal

is the process of assessing how well employees are doing their jobs.

_____ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

motivation

4 phases in chief learning officer:

needs assessment based on the firm's competitive objectives, program design, implementation, evaluation

this is consisted of reference checks and background checks after the interview is over

post-interview screening

impacts of cultural differences

power distance individualism masculinity/femininity uncertainty avoidance short term/long term orientations how we market things how our currency is there language taboo's

Identifying the most valid predictors and weighting them using statistical methods EX: identifies predictors and weights them using multiple regression

statistical approach

The 3 steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

skill-based pay ---- Skill-based pay is a pay plan that sets pay levels on the basis of how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do. The more skills the managers acquire, the more income they will receive.

Training Methods: Involve assigning trainees who are often but not always on managerial tracks, to different jobs in different areas of a firm can involve horizontal movements through different departments, along with potentially upward movement in the organization

special assignments

What does MBO provide for the individual employee?

specific personal performance objectives ---- MBO provides specific personal performance objectives for the individual employee. Objectives at one level are linked to those at the next.

What are modular benefit plans?

pre-designed packages of benefits ---- Modular plans are pre-designed packages or modules of benefits, each of which meets the needs of a specific group of employees

Types of performance evaluation meetings and feedback sessions: Seeks to obtain the employees' buy-in for a mutually-agreed upon way to overcome obstacles and improve the person's actual performance

problem solving

Avoiding making decisions on Friday the 13th can be an example of which bias?

randomness -- Explanation: Randomness error is the attributing of meaning to random events, turning imaginary patterns into superstitions. With randomness error a person believes that he can predict the outcome of random events.

Used to improve effectiveness of recruiting: Helps understand which recruiting sources work best for different employees Allows recruiters to find better employees faster and at a lower cost

recruiting metrics

Timing: these need to be based on a firms: business strategy, company's talent, and future business needs HR managers have to consider which jobs have the biggest impact on the firm's financial results and prioritize filling them

recruiting plans

If operant behavior is influenced by the reinforcement or lack of reinforcement brought about by its consequences, positive reinforcement

strengthens a behavior and increases the likelihood it will be repeated ---- Reinforcement strengthens a behavior and increases the likelihood it will be repeated. B. F. Skinner, one of the most prominent advocates of operant conditioning, argued that creating pleasing consequences to follow specific forms of behavior would increase the frequency of that behavior.

Types of performance evaluations: Conducted by an employee of a superior, which is appropriate for developmental than for administrative purposes

subordinate evaluations

Participative management is a method of management where

subordinates share a degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors ---- Participative management is joint decision making, in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ is very similar to considerate leader behavior.

supportive leadership

Ethical Intensity

the degree on concern people have about an ethical issue. how much do I really care or how much people will care.

job autonomy

the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the job

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity not only takes into account surface-level diversity but also focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values into the actual work of the organization?

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

centralization of authority

the location of most authority at the upper levels of the organization. how decision making is delegated.

Jasmine is trying to gain control of her department. Although she will be greatly compensated if she achieves this aim and will gain control over many subordinates, the main reason she is pursuing this position is that she thinks she can do the job better than her predecessors and wants people to know that this is so. What need would McClelland say primarily drives Jasmine in this case

the need for achievement ----Need for achievement (nAch) is the drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed. Jasmine is demonstrating the need to achieve.

adverse impact

unintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged bc they are hired, promoted, or trained at substantially lower rates that others

Degree to which a test or selection procedure measures a person's attributes The extent to which a test can predict an applicant's job performance EX: A clerical skills test is correlated with another test that measures keyboarding skills EX: CPA exam predicts how well an individual performs as an accountant accuracy

validity

cross-related validity: cross-validation obtained by applying statistical formula to the data

validity coefficient

According to the job characteristics model, which of the following results in the maximum internal rewards for an individual?

when they learn that they personally have performed well on a task that they care about --- Explanation: JCM proposes that individuals obtain internal rewards when they learn (knowledge of results) that they personally (experienced responsibility) have performed well on a task they care about (experienced meaningfulness), making feedback extremely important to internal rewards.

When Martha submitted a formal complaint to OSHA about unsafe work conditions in her company's warehouse, she acted as a ________.

whistle-blower --- Explanation: Whistle-blowers are individuals who report unethical practices by their employer to outsiders. Martha acted as a whistle-blower.

Two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor?

working conditions ----Two-factor theory relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Also called motivation hygiene theory. Conditions such as quality of supervision, pay, company policies, physical working conditions, relationships with others, and job security are considered hygiene factors or extrinsic factors

wrongful discharge

Is fairness and acceptability part of performance standards characteristic?

yes

Assessing the readiness and motivation or trainees: preconditions for learning that affect success are Organization needs to help employees understand the link between the effort they put into training and the payoff

trainee motivation

which of the following statements is true regarding discrimination based on sex

although progress is being made, sex discrimination continues to operate vie the glass ceiling at higher levels in organizations

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations for minimizing the occurrence of affective conflict and having a good fight?

always resolve issues by consensus

external attribution

and an external attribution, in which behavior is thought to be involuntary and outside of the control of the individual.

leaderless group discussion,

another common assessment center exercise, a group of six applicants is given approximately two hours to solve a problem, but no one is put in charge (hence the name "leaderless" group discussion)

Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping and sexual prospections by male coworkers. according to their attorney. "the firm created a frat house culture and then failed to do anything about it" their suit claims the women were victims of......

hostile work environment

After identifying the problem in the basic model of ethical decision-making, the next step is to ____.

identify the constituents

Post Conventional

internalized principles

What is the segment in the three-component model of creativity that turns creative potential into actual creative ideas?

intrinsic task motivation --- Explanation: Intrinsic task motivation is the desire to work on something because it's interesting, involving, exciting, satisfying, or personally challenging. It's what turns creativity potential into actual creative ideas.

360-degree feedback

is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves.

80 percent rule

is a rule of thumb used by the courts of the EEOC to determine whither there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group.

is done voluntarily.

Disparate Treatment

is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs

Organizational Process

is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment

Human resource management

is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force.

Personality

is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different form each other.

defensive bias

is the tendency for people to perceive themselves as personally and situationally similar to someone who is having difficulty or trouble.

Selective perception

is the tendency to notice and accept objects and information consistent with our values, beliefs, and expectations, while ignoring or screening out inconsistent information.

which of the following statements is true regarding the discrimination and fairness paradigm

it focuses only on surface level dimensions of diversity

An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job is called

job sharing ---- Job sharing allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job. One might perform the job from 8:00 A.M. to noon and the other from 1:00 P.M. to 5:00 P.M., or the two could work full, but alternate, days

What is the distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs?

joint decision making ---- The distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs is joint decision making, in which subordinates share a significant degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors

The Department of Defense doesn't classify pilferage as a major problem, as its annual inventory losses run $1-2 billion a year. The intentional theft and sale of defense secrets would have greater ethical intensity than this pilferage due to ____.

magnitude of consequences

Self-managing teams are different from semi-autonomous work groups in that team members:

manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product or service without first getting approval from management.

When Ruth was hired to be the second-in-command at Graham Mailing Services, she was told that her job was to deal with the employees to make sure they got the mailing done to the customers' specifications. She was not instructed on how to run machines or in any other technical area because her position was a job in:

management

Results methods: Philosophy of management that rates employees based on the achievement of goals set mutually by them and their manager

management by objectives (MBO)

local adapation

modifying rules, guidelines policies, and procedures to adapt to differences in foreign customers, governments and regulatory agencies.

Statistical approach: Sequential strategy in which only the applicants with the highest scores at an initial test stage go on to subsequent stages sequential in that after candidates go through an initial evaluation stage, those who score well are provisionally accepted and are assessed further at each successive stage

multiple hurdle model

Which of the following motivation concepts clearly has an American bias?

need for achievement ---- The view that a high achievement need acts as an internal motivator presupposes two U.S. cultural characteristics, willingness to accept a moderate degree of risk, and concern with performance. This combination is found in Anglo-American countries such as the United States, Canada, and Great Britain.

How would a Theory X manager view employees

needing to be coerced to achieve goals ----Maslow believed that under Theory X, managers believe employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it

Which of the following are all forms of variable-pay programs?

piece-rate, merit-based pay, gainsharing ---- Piece-rate pay plan, a pay plan in which workers are paid a fixed sum for each unit of production completed, merit-based pay plan, a pay plan based on performance appraisal ratings, and gainsharing, formula-based group incentive plan are all forms of variable-pay. Extended vacations and flex time are not variable-pay programs

To achieve its goal of increased market share, Krispy Kreme launched a program in Palm Beach County, Florida, that awards grade-school students a free doughnut for every A on their report cards. Which management function was used to create this program?

planning

the contingency theory, the term..... refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, rewards and punish workers

position power

According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the ____ use internalized ethical principles to solve ethical dilemmas.

postconventional level

What is self-serving bias?

-Attribute successes to internal factors -blame failures on external factors -typically applied to self judgements

What percentage of today's workforce is single with no dependents, and thus requiring fewer benefits.

25 ---- About 25 percent of today's employees are single. The traditional plan that dominated organizations for more than 50 years was designed for a male with a wife and two children at home, which is rarely the case today

The primary benefit of the ____ paradigm is that it generally brings about fairer treatment of employees and increases demographic diversity. a. discrimination and fairness paradigm b. access and legitimacy paradigm c. learning and effectiveness paradigm d. personal integration paradigm e. sociocultural paradigm

A company redesigns the jobs of the workers in accounts receivables, so that instead of simply billing customers, they will also be responsible for following up on non-payment, liaising between customers and the departments billing them, and other related tasks. What term would best be used to describe these changes? A) job rotation B) job enlargement C) job enrichment D) job sharing E) flextime

Roy is a junior sales manager at a leading smartphone manufacturing company. In terms of equity theory, who among the following is an ideal referent for Roy?

A junior sales manager

A manager introduces participative management in an effort to boost morale and productivity. If he wants to make sure that it has as great a chance of success as possible he should ensure all of the following except which of the following? A) The issues decided upon must be relevant to the employees. B) The employees must be informed and competent enough to make decisions. C) The employees must be trusted by the manager. D) The manager must be trusted by the employees. E) There must be representative participation through work councils and board representatives.

All of the following statements about employee involvement are true, EXCEPT A) Employee involvement programs must reflect national culture. B) Managers in India who empowered their employees through employee involvement programs were rated low. C) US employees accept employee involvement programs, but not all employees from other culture feel the same way. D) Employees across the globe warmly receive employee involvement programs.

Allied General Hospital employs many individuals and has decided to try to increase motivation through job redesign and flexible scheduling. You have been hired as a consultant to help them design and implement the programs. Members of the nighttime janitorial staff are generally low skilled and would probably be motivated by ________. A) job enrichment B) flexible work schedules C) job enlargement D) all of the above E) none of the above

A modem factory owned by 3Com in Morton Grove, Illinois, has 1,200 workers who speak 20 different languages. This factory illustrates ____. a. acculturation b. diversity c. affirmative action d. cultural organization e. organizational plurality

Bentley College launched a comprehensive diversity initiative in 1993 that includes frequent diversity retreats for faculty, staff, and student leaders. What basic type of diversity training is Bentley using? a. diversity audits b. awareness training c. skills-based diversity training d. diversity mentoring e. acculturation

Amalgamated Industries manufactures parts for furniture. Management has decided to change the method of payment to a skill-based pay plan. You are interested in increasing your current compensation and see this as an opportunity. You should expect to earn more if you ________. A) volunteer for overtime B) increase your production C) cross-train in other jobs D) become a specialist E) improve the quality of your work

What does consensus refer to in attribution theory?

Different people respond the same way in the same situation. +++ Explanation: A behavior that shows consensus is one when everyone responds the same way to the situation. For example, if everyone who took the same route to work is late, there is high consensus in behavior.

Statistical approach: Number of applicants compared with the number of people to be hired When low, most promising applicants are hired When high, selectivity is reduced for filling the vacancies

selection ratio

A manager who wants to give his team the highest amount of autonomy should select _____.

self-designing teams

What type of job interview might be used after a background question revealed the applicant had spent three years working in Africa convincing parents to allow their children to take polio vaccine?

semi-structured

Which of the following is not true?

Employee involvement is incompatible with two-factor theory. ---- In terms of two-factor theory, employee involvement programs could provide intrinsic motivation by increasing opportunities for growth, responsibility, and involvement in the work itself.

Employee recognition programs are consistent with which of the following? A) goal setting theory B) cognitive evaluation theory C) reinforcement theory D) expectancy theory E) Marxist theory

Which of the following statements about ethics is true?

Ethics is the set of moral principles or values that defines right and wrong for a person or group.

Which of the following best defines self-determination theory?

Extrinsic factors, such as pay, can actually decrease motivation ----Self-determination theory is a theory that states that allocating extrinsic rewards for behavior that had been previously intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease the overall level of motivation if the rewards are seen as controlling

Studies show that financial incentives are more motivating in the long-run

FALSE ---- Research suggests financial incentives may be more motivating in the short term, but in the long run it's nonfinancial incentives

In the job characteristics model (JCM), what three core job dimensions combine to create meaningful work?

skill variety, task identity, and task significance --- Explanation: The first three dimensions in JCM, skill variety, task identity, and task significance, combine to create meaningful work that the incumbent will view as important, valuable, and worthwhile.

When the world's biggest manufacturer of locks looked at its employee composition, it discovered that its workers were either of ages over 50 or under 30. This age difference brought conflicts on important decisions which the company identified as a threat to its growth. _____ was needed to get these two groups to respect each other's work abilities.

social integration

Technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, incremental change

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consists of

In the JCM model, what three core job dimensions combine to create meaningful work? A) autonomy, task identity, and feedback B) skill variety, autonomy, and task significance C) skill variety, autonomy, and feedback D) feedback, task identity, and task significance E) skill variety, task identity, and task significance

In what sort of companies is gainsharing most popular? A) large manufacturing companies B) large service organizations C) small, non-unionized manufacturing companies D) small, privately held companies E) non-profit organizations

In terms of the chain of command, .......... authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ........ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates.

Line Staff

Much of the compensation of traders at Synalco, a metals trading company, is in the form of stock options. The amount of options distributed is based on the company's net profits. What sort of compensation plan is this? A) profit sharing B) gainsharing C) merit based D) ESOP E) employee ownership

Phil loves sales. He has been a stellar sales person since he was 12. Recently he was awarded a full paid trip for two to Puerto Rico for breaking a company sales record. Phil is so motivated to work, he has set a new goal to break his old record in the coming year. Taking into account self-determination theory, why did the company recognition and award, an extrinsic reward, motivate Phil?

The reward increased Phil's sense of competence by providing feedback that improved his intrinsic motivation. ---- Extrinsic rewards such as verbal praise and feedback about competence can improve even intrinsic motivation. Phil viewed the reward as an indication that he's been doing a good job at this valued task. The reward increased his sense of competence by providing feedback that could improve intrinsic motivation

true

The three different methods or paradigms for managing diversity are the discrimination and fairness paradigm, the access and legitimacy paradigm, and the learning and effectiveness paradigm.

The work arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a week job is ________. A) flextime B) core hours C) telecommuting D) job sharing E) employee involvement

Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?

These behaviors are independent, meaning that leaders can do both at the same time.

Which employee would be best suited as a mentor to new employees with a chance to develop friendships?

Tim ---- Tim's high score in affiliation demonstrates the desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships. He would be a good relationship builder

The ____ determined that companies can be prosecuted and punished for the illegal or unethical actions of employees even if management didn't know about the unethical behavior.

U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines

_____ are best defined as groups of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use a combination of telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task.

Virtual teams

The theory that asserts that motivation depends upon an employee's goals, and the belief that productive behavior will get these goals accomplished, is called

Vroom's expectancy theory ---- Expectancy theory proposes that employees will be motivated to exert a high level of effort when they believe it will lead to a good performance appraisal; that a good appraisal will lead to organizational rewards such as bonuses, salary increases, or promotions; and that the rewards will satisfy the employees' personal goals

What is participative management? A) a method of management where subordinates make corporate decisions and management helps carry out those decisions B) a method of management where upper management participates in the organization's strategic planning C) a method of management where subordinates share a degree of decision-making power with their immediate superiors D) a method of management where low-level workers meet occasionally with the CEO to discuss problems within their department E) a method of management where low-level workers are responsible for making corporate policy decisions

When the ticket agent at Singapore Airlines takes on the duties of a baggage handler, he is engaged in ________. A) job enlargement B) job rotation C) vertical loading D) participative management E) involvement

social integration

When the wold's biggest manufacturer of locks looked at its employee composition, it discovered that its workers were either over 50 or under 30 because the company had done little hiring during the 1980s and 1990s. _____ was needed to get these two groups to respect each other's work abilities.

Social integration

____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.

Human resource management

____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company

Which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true? a. Most employees and managers intensely dislike the performance appraisal process. b. Performance appraisals can be used as a basis for compensation, but not as a basis for determining who needs further training c. Since performance appraisal is only marginally important human resource process, any problems associated with it do not affect the organizations overall d. Legally, a disgruntled employee cannot sue an employer on the basis of a dissatisfactory performance appraisal e. All of these statements about performance appraisal are true

stock options

a compensation system that gives employees the right to purchase shares of stock at a set price, even if the value of the stock increases above that price

sustainable competitive advantage

a competitive advantage becomes a sustainable competitive advantage when other companies cannot duplicate the value a firm is providing to customers.

hostile work environments

a form of sexual harassment in which unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidation and offensive work environment

Affirmative action programs are typically designed to ____.

a. protect white, non-Hispanic Americans b. create homogeneous diversity c. do all of these d. compensate for past discrimination- CORRECT e. be punitive

3 factors that affect an employee's performance:

ability, motivation, environment

______ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness

affective conflict

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____.

affirmative action

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called _____.

affirmative action

the purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities an women is called

affirmative action

Background questions

ask applicants about their work experience, education, and other qualifications ("Tell me about the training you received at . . .").

Training methods: Approach that demonstrates desired behavior and gives trainees the chance to practice and role-play those behaviors and receive feedback One of the components is learning points

behavior modeling

closed system

can function without interacting with their environments. A clock keeps running no matter the environment

According to which of the following leadership model occurs when leaders make it clear how followers can achieve organizational goals, take care of problems that prevent followers from achieving goals, and then find more and varied rewards to motivate followers who achieve those goals, these leaders are demonstrating _____________?

the path-goal theory

Why would an employee choose a flexible spending plan over a standard modular plan?

their take-home pay is higher ---- Flexible spending plans allow employees to set aside pretax dollars up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for particular benefits, such as health care and dental premiums. Flexible spending accounts can increase take-home pay because employees don't pay taxes on the dollars they spend out of these accounts.

Who sets MBO objectives?

they are set jointly by superior and subordinate ---- Lower-unit managers jointly participate in setting their own goals. Because of this aspect, MBO works from the bottom up as well as from the top down. The result is a hierarchy that links objectives at one level to those at the next

time study

timing how long it takes good workers to complete each part of their jobs

deep-level diversity

changes can lead to better social integration

Effort that is oriented more toward broadening an individual's skills for the future responsibilities

development

Deep-level diversity

differences such as personality and attitudes that are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors and are learned only through extended interaction with others

The primary benefit of the ______ paradigm is that it generally brings about fairer treatment of employees and increases demographic diversity.

discrimination and fairness paradigm

The term _____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work. a. fee b. wage c. salary d. benefit e. compensation

e. compensation

Grant works as a clerk in a company and earns $3,000 per year. Each time he gets promoted to a higher level, his salary increases by $1,000. Almost all the employees in the company have a similar pay structure. There is not much difference in pay at each level of the company. In this scenario, the company has a(n) _____ pay structure.

e. compressed

General effect of the laws

employers may not discriminate in employment decisions based on sex, age, religion, color, national origin, race, disability.

To help companies reduce age discrimination, their managers can ____.

ensure that younger and older workers interact with each other

Increasing numbers of blacks and Hispanics are now in upper income tax brackets by virtue of

entrance into professional, engineering, and managerial positions

A Theory Y manager would assume that employees would

exercise self direction -----According to Maslow's theory, under Theory Y managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility

What is the segment of the three-component model of creativity that is the foundation for all creative work?

expertise +++ Explanation: Expertise is the foundation for all creative work. The potential for creativity is enhanced when individuals have abilities, knowledge, proficiencies, and similar expertise in their field of endeavor.

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization?

exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly-owned affiliates

Refer to Unilever. After studying the problem, the executive committee discovered that the company recruited the same number of men and women, but women were not being promoted to the top management positions. This probably resulted from the existence of a(n) ____.

glass ceiling

When AT&T hired a female as its president, it was evidence that AT&T does not have a(n) ____ to prevent women from rising to leadership positions.

glass ceiling

Research studies conducted on the participation-performance relationship show that the use of participation

has only a modest influence on employee productivity ---- A careful review of the research at the individual level shows participation typically has only a modest influence on variables such as employee productivity, motivation, and job satisfaction.

Diversity pairing

Mentoring program

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive.

People with high degree of _____ respond well under stress.

emotional stability

Pre-convention

self-interest

convention

societal expectations

Which of the following is a direct (rather than indirect) measure of job applicants' capability to do the job?

work sample tests

goal setting theory

the theory that people will be motivated to the extent to which they accept specific, challenging goals. and receive feedback that indicates their progress toward goal achievement, TRUST

purpose of situational/hypothetical interviewing

values based interview

Sales can be very rewarding, but also very stressful. The short-term anxiety associated with waiting in the lobby before a presentation is called _____. A. temporary terror B. subliminal terror C. felt stress D. permanent stress E. situational stress

E. situational stress

Which of the following statements about résumés and job application forms is true?

Employeerelated laws apply to job application forms and résumés

What is an advantage of bonuses over merit pay?

Employees are rewarded for recent performance ---- The incentive effects of performance bonuses are generally higher than those of merit pay because, rather than paying for performance years ago (that was rolled into base pay), bonuses reward recent performance

True or False Diversity exists in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the customers who do business there.

True or False There has been little direct evidence of racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace in recent years.

CEOs are less likely to manipulate firm earnings reports to make themselves look good in the short run when they don't have an ownership share.

FALSE

From management's perspective, the greatest appeal of skill-based pay plans is decreased payroll costs.

FALSE ---- For employers, the lure of skill-based pay plans is that they increase the flexibility of the workforce: filling staffing needs is easier when employee skills are interchangeable

Theory X assumes that human beings are inherently good

FALSE ---- Under Theory X, managers believe employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it. Under Theory Y, in contrast, managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility

The job characteristics model describes any job in terms of five core job dimensions and these five dimensions are skill variety, task significance, autonomy, reward, and feedback.

False

What is a sensing personality type?

Focus on details, specifics Admire practical solutions Notice details, remember facts Are pragmatic, see what is Live in the here-and-now Trust actual experience Like to use established skills Like step-by-step instructions Work at a steady place

a hostile work environment

Characteristics of extroverts?

Have high energy Talk more than listen Think out loud Act, then think Like to be around people Prefer a public role Can be easily distracted Prefer doing lots of things at once Are outgoing/ enthusiastic

What is openness to experience

Imaginative, artistically sensitive, and intellectual

Grand Strategies Retrencment

Is to turn around a very poor company performance by shirking the size or scope of the business, or if a company is in multiple business, by closing or shitting down different lines of the business.

Your supervisor proposes that participative management will solve your productivity, motivation, and job performance problems. Which of the following is not a warning you should give him about this approach?

It will provide intrinsic rewards for employees. ---- A careful review of the research at the individual level shows participation typically has only a modest influence on variables such as employee productivity, motivation, and job satisfaction. For it to work, the issues in which employees are engaged must be relevant to their interests. Employees must have the competence and knowledge to make a useful contribution

Diversity Makes Good Business Sense

-Decreases turnover -Decreases absenteeism -Helps companies avoid expensive lawsuits -Helps companies attract and retain talented workers -Drives business growth -Higher-quality problem solving

Situational question

-ask applicants how they would respond in a hypothetical situation ("What would you do if . . . ?"). These questions are more appropriate for hiring new graduates, who are unlikely to have encountered real-work situations because of their limited work experience.

semistructured interviews

-hybrids of structured and unstructured interviews -A major part is based on structured questions, but some time is set aside for unstructured interviewing to allow the interviewer to probe into ambiguous or missing information uncovered during the structured portion of the interview.

Jean-Marie has excellent keyboarding skills and enters data for a marketing research firm. Jean-Marie is also vision-impaired. In order to perform his job, Jean-Marie needs a computer monitor that produces oversized print so he can read it. Providing the monitor to facilitate Jean-Marie's job performance is an example of ____. a. assistive technology b. job enrichment c. management reciprocity d. task reengineering e. disparity balances

Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the ________. A) planning, execution, and evaluation of the work B) planning, execution, and evaluation of company plans C) horizontal integration of his or her tasks D) evaluation of his or her peers E) feedback that a worker receives from his or her supervisor and peers

Laura only makes minimum wage, but she loves her job. Her supervisor regularly compliments her and she has been chosen employee of the month twice this year. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to be the reason Laura likes her job? A) recognition B) motivation C) goal setting D) empowerment E) autonomy

The evidence on job enrichment shows it ________. A) reduces absenteeism B) increases supervisory workload C) reduces satisfaction D) increases turnover cost E) reduces employee motivation

Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations? a. conscientiousness b. agreeableness c. emotional stability d. extraversion e. openness to experience

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity? a. the discrimination and fairness paradigm b. the access and legitimacy paradigm c. the learning and effectiveness paradigm d. the personal integration paradigm e. the affirmative action paradigm

____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective. a. Social integration b. Norm cohesiveness c. Social cohesiveness d. Integrative focus e. Social attraction

Employee Separation

A broad term covering the loss of an employee for any reason.

competitive inertia

A reluctance to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past

A rise in which of the following was reported by companies that pay employees for learning extra skills? A) operating costs B) communication across the organization C) turnover D) absenteeism E) perceptions of unfairness

Which of the following topics is avoided when a person prepares a conventional business résumé? A. Religious views B. Education C. Activities/hobbies D. Work experience E. Career objectives

A. Religious views

What is access and legitimacy?

Acceptance and celebration of differences Ensures diversity within company matches diversity among primary stakeholders

only after a job offer has been made

According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, disabilities (and reasonable accommodations for them) should be discussed ____.

compensate for past discrimination

Affirmative action programs are typically designed to ____.

Understand the special challenges that the dimensions of surface-level diversity pose for managers.

Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and physical and mental disabilities are dimensions of surface-level diversity. Because those dimensions are (usually) easily observed, managers and workers tend to rely on them to form initial impressions and stereotypes. Sometimes this can lead to age, sex, racial/ethnic, or disability discrimination (that is, treating people differently) in the workplace.

There have been several studies of managers who fail (derailers) and managers who succeed in climbing the organizational hierarchy (arrivers). Which of the following statements describes one of the facts learned from these studies?

Arrivers are sensitive to the feelings of others.

deep-level diversity

As a German pharmaceuticals company decided to implement a diversity training program, its human resources managers discovered that Americans typically reach decisions very quickly. One German manager described them as "hip shooters." He said, "We [Germans] are more analytical. We're more logical and systematic." This discovery had to do with ______.

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____. a. diversity requires a wider span of management b. diversity has a broader focus c. diversity is legally mandated in all private companies d. affirmative action is legally mandated in all private companies e. affirmative action does not alter organizational structures, and diversity does

A(n) ____ is a formal assessment that measures employee and management attitudes, investigates the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and reviews companies' diversity-related policies and procedures. a. diversity comparison b. diversity audit c. employee-oriented attitudinal review d. individual SWOT analysis e. stereotypical audit

According to the text, ____ typically amount to more than 90 percent of employees' salaries. a. contribution margins b. turnover costs c. product obsolescence and employee pilferage d. training costs e. cafeteria benefit plans

Japanese-based Honda Motors recently opened a manufacturing plant in China. The Chinese balked at wearing the standard Honda white uniforms because white in China is a funeral color. Honda liked the white uniforms because they conveyed the idea of cleanliness. The Chinese workers agreed to wear the white uniforms if they could wear gray caps. The compromise made everyone happy. This cultural sensitivity is an example of how ____ influences organizations. a. affirmative action b. diversity c. proactive segmentation d. multiculturalism e. cultural disparity

true

Background checks can be used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves.

Which of the following factors is necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

Bureaucratic immunity

Which of the following is considered good advice to give someone who is required to give a test as part of the job application process? A. You should refuse to participate in tests because such tests are not valid. B. Stress during tests keeps you mentally sharp and will improve your performance in the tests. C. If the test is valid, you should be happy with the outcome no matter what it is. D. Tests are no longer conducted during the recruitment process because they have been proven to be unreliable. E. All of the above are examples of good advice.

C. If the test is valid, you should be happy with the outcome no matter what it is.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?

Charismatic

How do companies typically fare when they are accused of discrimination and must go to court to defend themselves?

Companies lose, on average, two-thirds of the discrimination cases brought against them.

is the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, and supportive and shows concern for employees.

Consideration

According to the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which ________. A) a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) work activities generates direct and clear information about performance C) a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and procedure D) a job affects the lives or work of other people E) a job requires a variety of different activities

Anya is a graphic designer in a firm specializing in making logos for their clients. Last week, she got client specifications on how to make a new logo. She was able to create a prototype, and having got it initially reviewed by her immediate supervisor, she made changes until the client was satisfied with her final product. Based on this description, it's safe to say that Anya's job is high in ________ and ________. A) task significance; feedback B) autonomy; skill variety C) feedback; skill variety D) task identity; feedback E) skill variety; autonomy

Atlanta Rent-A-Car refused to hire two females allegedly because they were wearing Muslim attire. What federal agency filed charges as a result of this episode? a. U.S. Bureau of Immigration b. Labor Relations Board c. U.S. Department of Justice d. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission e. There is no such federal agency.

Jason works at home at least 2 days a week on a computer linked to his employer's office. He goes to work at odd hours and returns as he pleases. Which of the following terms accurately represents Jason's work arrangement? A) autonomy B) job sharing C) flextime D) telecommuting E) task identity

Which of the following is not one of the core job dimensions in the job characteristics model (JCM)? A) task significance B) feedback C) autonomy D) reward E) skill variety

What are the Pros of diversity in the workplace

Diversity also makes good business sense in terms of reducing costs (decreasing turnover and absenteeism and avoiding lawsuits), attracting and retaining talent, and driving business growth (improving marketplace understanding and promoting higher-quality problem solving). avoiding lawsuits.

are accurately described by none of these

Older workers ____.

Which of the following statements about employee turnover is true?

One of the best ways to discourage turnover is to link pay directly to performance

_____ is the degree to which someone is curious, broadminded, and adaptable to new ideas, things, and experiences; is spontaneous; and has a high tolerance for ambiguity. chp12

Openness to experience

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the ____ style of management.

Participative

emotional stability

People with the Big Five dimension of _____ respond well under stress.

In the context of restoring equity, which of the following statements is true?

Rationalizing or distorting inputs or outcomes can help restore equity.

Which of the following describes the specific means used to attract potential employees to the firm?

Recruitment methods

Which of the following statements is not an example of stereotyping?

She was good at her last job, so she will be good at this one. -- Explanation: Stereotyping is judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs. Judging a person by her last job is judging her experience. In each of the other examples the speaker judges based on a collective group.

What is extraversion

Sociable, talkative, and assertive

Refer to Anglo American. ____ is the term used to describe the obligation Anglo American had to take actions that benefit society.

Social responsibility

The _____ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time so that all candidates are asked the same questions. chp11

Structured

Diversity and Differences

Surface-level diversity Deep-level diversity Social integration

T or F If managed properly, the shift from surface- to deep-level diversity can result in reduced prejudice and conflict as well as lead to stronger social integration.

The finance team of a start-up company has a majority of white employees. It, however, plans to hire more people from various other ethnic backgrounds in the near future. The organization is trying to increase its _____.

Team diversity

False

The big five dimensions of personality are autonomy, Machiavellianism, empath, locus of control, and affectivity.

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs

The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of ____.

Hispanic-Americans

The fastest-growing population group in the United States is ____.

Actual labor market a company faces depends on what two things?

The industry in which the firm operates and the types of position the company is seeking to fill

Which of the following statements about federal employment law is true?

The intent of anti-discrimination law is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions

Which of the following statements about federal employment laws is true?

The intent of these laws is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions

Under the rules of the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP), which of the following must happen for an online job seeker to be considered an applicant?

The job seeker applies for a specific job listed on the corporate Web site.

Internal Recruiting

The process of developing a pool of qualified job applicants from people who already work within the company

affirmative action

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called

affirmative action

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____.

James is a salaried employee whose job is to proofread legal documents. He discovers that he is paid substantially more than his colleagues, even though their jobs and performances are very similar. What is likely to be his reaction to this discovery according to equity theory?

The quantity and/or the quality of documents he proofreads will increase. ---- When a person sees himself as overrewarded, it creates guilt. In order to reinstate a sense of equity, according to equity theory, James will change his inputs (exert more if overpaid). He will increase the quantity or the quality of documents he proofreads

Some MBO programs fail to live up to expectations. Which of the following is not a common reason that MBO programs fail?

They allow lower-unit managers to participate in setting their own goals. ---- In a number of documented cases MBO has been implemented but failed to meet management's expectations. The culprits tend to be unrealistic expectations, lack of commitment by top management, and an inability or unwillingness of management to allocate rewards based on goal accomplishment. Failures can also arise out of cultural incompatibilities.

Most current motivation theories have a strong emphasis on individualism and quality of life. Why is this

They were developed in the United States by Americans ---- Most current motivation theories were developed in the United States by and about U.S. adults. Goal-setting and expectancy theories emphasize goal accomplishment as well as rational and individual thought, characteristics consistent with U.S. culture

Who developed expectancy theory?

Vroom ---- Currently, one of the most widely accepted explanations of motivation is Victor Vroom's expectancy theory. Although it has its critics, most of the evidence supports the theory

What is another term for cross-training? A) work enrichment B) job sharing C) work enlargement D) job enhancement E) job rotation

Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions

____ help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related

Diversity

____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.

diversity

____ within P&G's management has led the company to realize that Hispanic consumers "are more likely to support a company or brand that is active in their community."

____________ ask raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance a. behavioral observation scales b. observational research studies c. performance rating scales d. objective performance measures e. trait rating scales

______________ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs. a. Disparate treatment b. adverse harassment c. The four-fifths rule d. Deliberate negative reinforcement e. Inequitable discrimination

Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable for employers to ask applicants during the selection process? a. Have you ever been convicted of a crime? b. Do you smoke or use tobacco products? c. Do you have children? d. Are you a United States citizen? e. Have you ever filed a lawsuit against an employer?

a. Have you ever been convicted of a crime?

McClelland's theory of needs concentrates on which three needs?

achievement, power, and affiliation ----McClelland's theory of needs states that achievement (need for achievement, nAch), power (need for power, nPow), and affiliation (need for affiliation, nAff) are three important needs that help explain motivation.

Initial screening methods: Provide quick and systematic means of obtaining a variety of information about the applicant

applicant forms

Recruitment Metrics: Cost of Recruitment Software application recruiters use to post job openings, screen résumés and up-loaded profiles, contact via e-mail potential candidates for interviews, and track the time, costs, and other metrics related to hiring people

applicant tracking system (ATS)

Criteria for Evaluating: results or ROI Process of measuring one's own services and practices against the recognized leaders in order to identify areas for improvement ROI = Benefits of training ÷ Training costs

benchmarking

How do companies typically fare when they are accused of discrimination and must go to court to defend themselves?

companies lose, on average, 2/3 of the discrimination cases brought against them

Criterion-related validity: Extent to which the test scores of current employees correlate with job performance

concurrent validity

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.

conduct a job analysis

Which of the following statements about employee separation is true?

e. Functional turnover is the loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave the organization.

People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress.

emotional stability

Phased retirement

employees transition to retirement by working reduced hours before completely retiring -have more free time but continue to ear salaries

What is the term used for the situation where employees are allowed to pick and choose from among a menu of benefit options?

flexible benefits ---- Flexible benefits refers to a benefits plan that allows each employee to put together a benefits package individually tailored to his or her own needs and situation

Management

getting work done through others

Stock options

give employees the right to purchase shares of stock at a set price

Refer to Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has 65 percent female employees, and women comprise just 41.3 percent of its management trainees, 35.7 percent of its assistant managers, 22.8 percent of its co-managers, and 14.3 percent of its store managers. This indicates the giant retailer may have a(n) ____.

glass ceiling

when AT&T hired Betsy Bernard as its president it was evidence that AT&T does not have an ........ to prevent women from rising to leadership positions.

glass ceiling

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines impose smaller fines on companies that ____.

have already established a specific type of compliance program

Primary locations to find candidates?

internal or external to firm

A company implementing a(n) ____ strategy would demonstrate the greatest willingness on the part of the company to meet or exceed society's expectations.

proactive

Refer to Anglo American. To meet its obligation for social responsibility, Anglo American used a progressive approach to doing what it could to solve the problems caused by the AIDS epidemic in South Africa. The mining conglomerate used a(n) ____ strategy.

proactive

Halo errors

rate all workers as performing at the same level in all parts of their jobs

behavioral observation scales

rating scales that indicate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors that are representative of the job dimensions critical to successful job performance

company calls an old employee to see if they are interested in returning to the company to fill a current open position process of keeping track of and maintaining relationships with former employees to see if they would be willing to return to the firm

re-recruiting

4 levels of evaluation of training? in order

reactions, learning, behavior (application or skills), results (ROI)

A U.S. metals broker advertises "95 percent of orders shipped from stock" even though the company has no warehouses and no inventory. When questioned about the truth of the ad, the broker responded, "We do ship 95 percent of our orders from stock, but it is from suppliers' stocks, not ours." To respond to this ethical question, the broker used a(n) ____ strategy.

reactive

Ethical intensity depends on all of the following EXCEPT ____.

social commitment

Which of the following is not one of the core job dimensions in the job characteristics model (JCM)?

status -- Explanation: The job characteristics model ( JCM) describes jobs in terms of five core job dimensions: skill variety, the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities; task identity, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work; task significance, the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people; autonomy, the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling; and feedback, the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about performance.

______ are extremely ambitious goals that workers don't know how to reach.

stretch goals

After completing cooking school with outstanding grades and recommendations, Joe and Gary both looked forward to working in restaurants. Joe found work as a short-order cook in a cramped diner. On many shifts he worked alone, and had to cook a large number of meals on outdated equipment. Gary found work in a modern hotel kitchen. He had a small staff helping him prepare a small number of elaborate meals to order. Gary became a highly regarded chef, while Joe left the restaurant industry. This example illustrates that an individual needs what in order to perform well?

supportive work context ---- Work context affects employee satisfaction. The employee must have adequate tools, equipment, materials, and supplies. The employee should have favorable working conditions, helpful co-workers, supportive work rules and procedures, sufficient information to make job-related decisions, and adequate time to do a good job. If not, performance will suffer

Skill-based diversity training

teaches employees the practical skills they need for managing a diverse work force, such as flexibility and adaptability, negotiation, problem solving, and conflict resolution

______ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team.

team level

What is the cognitive component of an attitude?

the beliefs, opinions, knowledge, or information held by a person.

Organizational plurality is consistent with ____.

the learning and effectiveness paradigm.

Personality

the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other

staff authority

the right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in the chain of command

One of the criticisms of the television industry is the networks' desire to maintain ratings by thinking in terms of next week's programming. The networks are also more concerned with how to get high program ratings quickly. This criticism assumes ____.

the television industry has a shortage of effective leadership

Disposition

the tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner

compressed pay structures

typically have fewer pay levels and smaller differences in pay between levels Pay is less dispersed and more similar across jobs in the company

With surface-level diversity, differences are immediately observable, easy to measure, and _____.

typically unchangeable

with surface level diversity, differences are immediately observable, easy to measure and

typically unchangeable

hostile work environment

unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating and offensive work environment

types of leaders

visionary charismatic transformational transactional

What is it called when a firm takes a long time to fill key positions, replacements for positions often are unsuccessful in performing their new duties, key positions can be filled only by hiring from the outside?

weak talent bench

About ________ percent of the U.S. workforce telecommutes. A) 2 B) 10 C) 25 D) 50 E) 75

According to JCM theory, which of the following results in the maximum internal rewards for an individual? A) when they are given tangible rewards B) when they learn that they personally have performed well on a task that they care about C) when they initiate a program that enables them to work with a variety of like-minded colleagues D) when their training is realized and their expectations are met E) when they are singled out for praise for successfully completing an arduous task

According to the Job Characteristics Model, a telemarketing employee who is provided a list of calls to make and a standardized script to follow would score A) high on feedback B) low on task identity C) high on autonomy D) low on autonomy

Which of the following is one of the steps recommended for companies to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatic leaders?

All of these are recommended steps to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatics.

Allied General Hospital employs many individuals and has decided to try to increase motivation through job redesign and flexible scheduling. You have been hired as a consultant to help them design and implement the programs You are looking at flextime and realize that it will probably work least well for which of the following jobs? A) insurance billing clerks B) custodial workers C) floor nurses D) equipment maintenance staff E) IT personnel

A(n) _____ is an organized collection of evidence of one's career. It can contain letters of reference, a résumé, thank-you letters from customers, papers you have written, and even a strategic plan you developed for class. A. information packet B. portfolio C. personal scrapbook D. individualized activity book E. assessment support manual

B. portfolio

Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself, and involving employees in decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is to alter work arrangements. Which of the following is designed to give an employee greater control of their work schedule? A) flextime B) job sharing C) job rotation D) telecommuting E) job enrichment

What is a feeling personality type?

Decide based on values, feelings Appear warm, friendly Are most convinced by how they feel Are diplomatic, tactful Value harmony, compassion Take things personally Are quick to compliment others Are motivated by appreciation Avoid arguments, conflict

Which of the following statements would likely be true?

Fixing the conditions that make the employees dissatisfied will not make them satisfied ---- Managers who seek to eliminate factors that can create job dissatisfaction may bring about peace but not necessarily motivation. They will be placating rather than motivating their workers.

true

For a typical company, employee turnover costs amounts to more than 90 percent of the employees' salaries.

Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would attribution theory describe this behavior?

It shows consistency. --- Explanation: Consistency in a person's actions means that the person responds the same way over time to the same situation. An employee who hasn't been late for several months is perceived differently than an employee who is late two or three times a week. Janice demonstrates high consistency in tardiness.

a.care less about the quality of their output than younger workers b.typically demonstrate poor judgment c.are accurately described by none of these d.are more likely to quit, be late, or be absent than younger workers e.tend to perform less effectively compared to younger workers

Older workers ____.

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Organizational plurality is consistent with ____.

____ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate change that will create a positive future for the organization.

Strategic leadership

Your supervisor seems to possess ________ assumptions

Theory Y ---- Under Theory Y, managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility. In this example, the boss believes that the employee views work quite positively

affirmative action; diversity

Which of the following is something you would not expect your supervisor to believe?

Workers place security above most other factors ---- Your boss demonstrates a belief in Theory Y in which managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility. In this example the boss believes that the employee views the actual work as something extremely positive, not just a means to a secure life

_____ is a legal doctrine that requires employers to have a job-related reason to terminate employees.

Wrongful discharge

Diversity pairing

a mentoring program in which people of different cultural backgrounds, sexes, or races/ethnicities are paired together to get to know each other and change stereotypical beliefs and attitudes

Franchising and Licensing

are both examples of cooperative contracts

which of the following is an example of deep level diversity

attitudes

Company's efforts to help existing and prospective workers understand why it is a desirable place work Think of applicants as consumers and focus on what they want in terms of jobs and careers Companies should listen to and reach out to applicants Reaching out to people via social networks Writing blogs and articles for industry publications Philanthropic activities

branding

A perennial problem of teacher education programs is to select the highest quality candidates and deny admission to those unsuited to work in schools. One suggested method is to ask applicants a series of questions about their experiences with siblings, how they treat stress, their attitude toward procrastination, and ways that they like to have fun. This method, which can use over 100 questions, gathers____. a. background data b. validation material c. work situation assessments d. biodata e. information on affective skills

Job Design

determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.

external recruiting

developing a pool of qualifies job applicants from outside the company

Companies are not considered unethical if they do not perform their ____ responsibilities.

discretionary

A modem factory owned by 3Com in Morton Grove, Illinois, has 1,200 workers who speak 20 different languages. This factory illustrates

diversity

top managers who encourage subordinates to do everything in their power to assure customers that internet myths about their companies were falsely engaged in......

downward communication

Liz is single with no children. She is a night person, and can not function until after her morning coffee, a slow waking up and getting ready, and watching or listening to the morning news. She detests the morning traffic rush, and is in a horrible mood if she has to deal with it. When looking for a 40 hour a week job, which of the following schedules would be most appealing for Liz?

enter and leave any time between 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday ---- Liz would prefer the job that allows her to enter at leisure any time between 6:00 a.m. and to leave before 7:00 p.m. Liz would probably enter at 10:00 and leave at 7:00. She would be awake, relaxed, ready to work, and will have missed the majority of traffic during both commutes. She has no family obligations to which to hurry home

According to _____, people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

equity theory

For raters which provides them some pointers they can use while providing performance feedback to the employees Basic areas: Communicating effectively Diagnosing the root causes of performance problems Setting goals and objectives

feedback training

Which of the following is not one of the most widely used variable-pay programs?

flat pay ---- Piece-rate pay, merit-based pay, employee stock ownership, and profit sharing are all widely used variable-pay programs

Research on employee stock ownership programs indicates that they are clearly successful in doing which of the following?

increasing employee satisfaction ---- Research on ESOPs indicates they increase employee satisfaction. ESOPs increase employee job satisfaction and work motivation when employees experience ownership

diversity

japanese-based Honda Motors recently opened a manufacturing plant in China. The Chinese balked at wearing the standard Honda white uniforms because white in China is a funeral color. The Chinese workers agreed to wear the white uniforms if they could wear gray caps. The compromise made everyone happy. This cultural sensitivity is an example of how _____ influences organizations.

A _____ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

job analysis

help identify the competencies employees need for success Knowledge, skills, abilities, and other factors (KSAOs)

job specifications

Performance standards: derived from a job analysis and reflected in an employee's job description and job specifications

job-related requirements

differentiation

means producing or service sufficiently different from competitors offerings that customers are wiling to pay a premium price for the extra value or performance that it provides.

4 phases in chief learning officer: organization, task analysis, person analysis

needs assessment

The term refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group.

organizational plurality

Where is overconfidence most likely to surface?

outside your area of expertise --- Explanation: Overconfidence is most likely to surface when organizational members are working outside their area of expertise. However, so-called experts are not immune to overconfidence bias either.

Fusion Inc. is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Fusion's CEO Paula relies on her employees to locate new trends. Paula consults with her employees very regularly for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. According to the path-goal theory, Paula uses a(n) _____ leadership style.

participative

A team finally matures into a fully functioning team at the _____ stage of development.

performing

Results methods: Directly links what employees accomplish to results that benefit the organization

productivity measures

profit sharing ---- Profit sharing is an organization wide program that distributes compensation based on some established formula designed around a company's profitability. In this case the stock options are part of the formula

affirmative action

purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women

Which of the following might account for the disparities between the percentages of African, Hispanic, and Asian Americans among the general population and their smaller representation in management positions?

racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace

When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, Coke responded by saying that all of India's water was contaminated and that it was not doing anything wrong by using the local water supply. What kind of a strategy did Coke use to respond to its social responsibility problems?

reactive strategy

Used to improve effectiveness of recruiting: Informs applicants about all aspects of the job, including both its desirable and undesirable facets Applicants who are given realistic information regarding a position are more likely to remain on the job and be successful enhanced communication through honesty and openness

realistic job preview (RJP)

What action would probably most motivate the employees?

receiving recognition for a job well done ---- Emphasizing factors associated with the work itself or with outcomes directly derived from it, such as promotional opportunities, personal growth opportunities, recognition, responsibility, and achievement will increase motivation

Evaluation is based on the employee's most recent behavior rather than on behavior throughout the evaluation period

recency error

sales commission plan

salespeople are paid a percentage of the purchase price of items they sell. The more they sell, the more they earn

Brian was a star short-stop player in high school. He was drafted to a minor league and didn't go to college. Since playing professionally his performance has declined, and he is considering leaving baseball and applying to college. Brian's lack of motivation can be attributed to which theory?

self-determination theory ---- Self-determination theory also proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve competence and positive connections to others. People want to feel that they have a positive input in the work environment

What is the term used for an individual's personal evaluation of their ability to perform?

self-efficacy ---- Self-efficacy is an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. The higher your self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed.

Types of performance evaluations: Conducted by the employee being evaluated, on an evaluation form completed by the employee prior to the evaluation meeting

self-evaluations

incorporating the principles of learning: Tasks can be broken down into parts that lend themselves into further analysis

self-paced learning (whole vs part learning)

_____ occurs when people are treated differently because of their gender.

sex discrimination

If a CEO opens a nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke, it would be an example of a(n) _____.

sexual harassment

Autonomy continuum

shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.

situational favorableness

Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida. After Mr. Tobin assumed the presidency at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes. Which of the following seems most important to Tobin?

situational favorableness

Types of interviews: Applicant is given a hypothetical incident and asked how he or she would respond to it

situational interview

What is the need that you would expect that Mary is trying to satisfy?

social ---- Because Jane is single and has little social interaction, according to Maslow, she would be striving to satisfy her social needs, which include affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship.

You would expect that Jane is trying to satisfy her ________ needs

The view that we can learn through both observation and direct experience is called

social-learning theory ---- Much of what people learn comes from watching models, such as parents, teachers, peers, film and television performers, bosses, and so forth. The view that we can learn through both observation and direct experience is called social-learning theory

Aptitude tests are also called ____.

specific ability tests

static environment

stable, dairy farm

Mr. Jan Carlson, the former CEO of Scandinavian Airline Systems (SAS), believes the most important role for a leader is to instill confidence in people. According to the path-goal theory, this statement indicates that his leadership style would be ____.

supportive

_________ consists of age, gender, ethnicity, and physical capabilities. The nation is trying to convince workers to eliminate age discrimination.

surface level diversity

Refer to Unilever. A need to be concerned about ____ diversity was revealed by the retreat in Costa Rica.

surface-level

Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?

task structure

Types of performance evaluations: Recognizes team accomplishment rather than individual performance

team evaluations

using excel to calculate functions at the end of training

terminal or performance based objectives

self-serving bias

the tendency to overestimate our value by attributing successes to ourselves (internal causes) and attributing failures to others or the environment (external causes)

______ are groups comprised of two or more people who work together to achieve a shared goal. The typical goal for such a group is to execute an assigned task.

traditional work groups

In the autonomy continuum, the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy is

traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi autonomous work groups, self-managing teams and self designing teams

In the autonomy continuum, the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is:

traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams

If background checks reduced employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be

validated

Which of the following team sizes usually provides the best performance?

6 to 9

A ......... is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and co workers as well as the employees themselves.

360 degree feedback

What is cognitive dissonance?

Assumes attitudes drive behaviors

profit sharing

employees receive a portion of the organization's profits over and above their regular compensation. The more profitable the company, the more profit is shared

Cons of 360 degree evaluation:

system is complex, feedback can be intimidating and cause resentment if employee feels ganged up on, may be conflicting opinions, raters must undergo some training, employees may collude or game the system by giving invalid evaluations to one another, raters may not feel accountable if their evaluations are anonymous

Aberdone Company has redesigned the jobs of the workers in accounts receivables. Instead of simply billing customers, they are now responsible for what used to be management tasks, such as for following up on non-payment, determining when bills will be sent to a collection agency, and what accounts receivables can be written off as non-collectable. What term would best be used to describe how the company is enriching the job dimensions?

vertical job expansion --- Explanation: Expanding jobs vertically gives employees responsibilities and control formerly reserved for management.

Malcolm Thompson was brought in as the CEO of Novalux, a company involved in laser research, to save the company's promise of innovation. It's what he loves: turning ideas into companies, then shaping those businesses to meet evolving challenges. "You're never done," he says. "It always looks like you're near the finish line, but there are always new opportunities along the road—and new obstacles you'd never thought of. That's part of the exploration—constantly looking at the next problem and the next solution." Apparently, Thompson is an example of a(n) ____.

visionary leader

employee separation

voluntary or involuntary loss of an employee

A popular alternative to graphic rating scales is the

-Behavior Observation Scale (BOS) -requires raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance

Diversity Principles

-Carefully and faithfully follow and enforce federal and state laws regarding equal opportunity employment. -Treat group differences as important but not special. -Find common ground. -Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups. -Solicit negative as well as positive feedback. -Set high but realistic goals.

Diversity Paradigms

-Discrimination and fairness paradigm -Access and legitimacy paradigm -Learning and effectiveness paradigm organizational plurality

As you seek a job in sales, it is important that you understand your own needs. Which of the following questions is one you should ask yourself to help you determine your need for structure? A. Do I prefer to set my own deadlines, or do I need deadlines set by others? B. What propels me, financial incentives, personal recognition, or the satisfaction of just getting a task completed? C. Am I a risk taker, or do I prefer more secure activities? D. Do I prefer mechanical and technical topics, or am I more disposed to art, fashion, and merchandising? E. What should I do when faced with rejection?

A. Do I prefer to set my own deadlines, or do I need deadlines set by others?

After a full day of taking tests and attending interviews, Candace and two other job candidates from other universities were taken to a conference room by several executives of Poly-Tex, Inc. Candace and the other candidates were further evaluated here. This is an example of a _____ interview. A. group B. mass C. panel D. gang E. batch

A. group

access and legitimacy paradigm

According to a recent census, over 40 percent of the Australian population was born overseas or had one parent born overseas. The abilities of these immigrants add value to the Australian workplace. The Australian government would have employers welcome these migrants and their children into their organizations as valued workers. Which paradigm for managing diversity does the Australian government most likely support?

The Australian government has adopted the motto, "Diversity works." According to a recent census, over 40 percent of the Australian population was born overseas or had one parent born overseas. The abilities of these immigrants add value to the Australian workplace. The Australian government would have employers welcome these migrants and their children into their organizations as valued workers. Which paradigm for managing diversity does the Australian government most likely support? a. the discrimination and fairness paradigm b. the access and legitimacy paradigm c. the learning and effectiveness paradigm d. the cultural stereotype paradigm e. the personal integration paradigm

To make sure that people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds have the same opportunities, companies should ____. a. eliminate selection and promotion criteria b. survey employees about their perceptions and satisfaction c. use autonomous hiring programs d. use a discrimination ombudsman e. build higher glass ceilings

Almost every country in Western Europe requires companies to practice ________, called "the most widely legislated form of employee involvement around the world." A) participative management B) corporate restructuring C) representative participation D) management by objectives E) organizational reengineering

Diversity helps companies grow by ____. a. avoiding conflict between employee groups b. preventing discrimination c. improving marketplace understanding d. complying with federal law e. creating a homogeneous workplace

_____ is psychological distress brought about by job demands or constraints encountered in the work environment. A. Job oppression B. Subliminal terror C. Felt stress D. Contextual concern E. Situational stress

C. Felt stress

In order to ensure that women have the same opportunities for development and advancement as men, companies should ____. a. promote Machiavellianism b. use passive change agents c. change the organization's mission statement d. develop mentoring programs e. do all of these

Constance was a little early for her interview at the college placement center. Fortunately, the interviewer had brought along a recent graduate of the college who had been hired two years ago, and she was able to pass the time talking to him prior to the interview. Constance was unaware that this person was also evaluating her. Which of the following types of interviews is being illustrated in this scenario? A. A group interview B. A stress interview C. A panel interview D. A disguised interview E. A hidden interview

D. A disguised interview

Which of the following job positions most likely requires people with high degree of extraversion?

Salesperson

The dimensions of the JCM that create meaningfulness include task identity, skill variety, and task significance

TRUE ---- The first three dimensions, skill variety, task identity, and task significance, combine to create meaningful work the incumbent will view as important, valuable, and worthwhile.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity? chp12

Tailor opportunities to groups and not individuals.

Jobs that have the intrinsic elements of variety, identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback are more satisfying and generate higher performance from people than jobs that lack these characteristics

TRUE ---- The more these intrinsic elements are present, the greater will be employees' motivation, performance, and satisfaction, and the lower their absenteeism and likelihood of leaving.

People who sell peanuts at ballparks and keep $.75 for every bag of peanuts they sell are being paid piece-rate wages.

TRUE ---- The piece-rate pay plan has long been popular as a means of compensating production workers by paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed

An employee in a gainsharing plan can receive incentive awards even if the organization isn't profitable.

TRUE ---- Gainsharing is different from profit sharing in that it ties rewards to productivity gains rather than profits. Employees in a gainsharing plan can receive incentive awards even when the organization isn't profitable

The basic concepts underlying goal-setting theory and reinforcement theory are at odds

TRUE ---- Goalsetting is a cognitive approach, proposing that an individual's purposes direct his action. Reinforcement theory takes a behavioristic approach, arguing that reinforcement conditions behavior. The two theories are clearly at odds philosophically

In job rotation, the nature of the work performed is changed.

TRUE ---- Job rotation is the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another, reducing overroutinization of work

Self-determination theory proposes that when a person is forced to do something, or perceives that they are being forced, they lose motivation

TRUE ---- Self-determination theory proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task

TRUE ---- Self-efficacy (also known as social cognitive theory or social learning theory) refers to an individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task. The higher your self-efficacy, the more confidence you have in your ability to succeed.

Ana's parents paid her an allowance every week to feed the cats and a few other chores around the house. When Ana's mom lost her job her parents were no longer able to pay her an allowance. Although Ana quit making her bed every morning, she still fed the cats as soon as she woke up. Which of the following best explains Ana's behavior?

Without the extrinsic reward the task relies on an internal motivation ---- By eliminating the extrinsic rewards (Ana's allowance) the explanation for Ana's behavior (continuing to feed the cats) shifts from an external to an internal explanation why she does the task. Ana must enjoy or feel some other internal desire to continue working, since she is receiving nothing external to explain her behavior

selection

____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job

Which of the following is an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity programs?

a. Set high but realistic goals. b. All of these are examples of diversity principles.- CORRECT c. Find the common ground. d. Treat group differences as important, but not special. e. Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups.

____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.

a. Social attraction b. Social cohesiveness c. Integrative focus d. Social integration- CORRECT e. Norm cohesiveness

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____.

a. acculturation b. organizational plurality c. cultural proaction d. affirmative action- CORRECT e. discretionary diversity

___ within P&G's management has led the company to realize that Hispanic consumers "are more likely to support a company or brand that is active in their community."

a. affirmative action b. diversity- CORRECT c. organizational plurality d. acculturation e. cultural organization

Diversity helps companies grow by ____.

a. avoiding conflict between employee groups b. preventing discrimination c. complying with federal law d. creating a homogeneous workplace e. improving marketplace understanding- CORRECT

Due to an increase in the amount of employment turnover in a company, the company decided to be very thorough with gathering accurate information about the job applicants. They decided to uncover all job-related information not provided by the applicants in order to hire only those employees who do not have an inconsistent employment history. In this context, the company has decided to perform a _____. a. background check b. job evaluation c. needs assessment d. performance appraisal e. 360-degree feedback

a. background check

Four-fifths rule

adverse impact occurs if the decision rate for a protected group of people is less than 80% of the decision rate for a nonprotected group.

Unlike _____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race ratios in their work forces, diversity programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences. chp12

affirmative action

Unlike forces,______, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work programs seek to benefit both _______ organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences.

affirmative action; diversity

Personality dimensions: the degree to which someone is trusting, amiable, generous, tolerant, honest, cooperative, and flexible

agreeableness

Diversity audits

are formal assessments that measure employee and management attitudes, investigate the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and review companies' diversity-related policies and procedures.

How do proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior?

as environmentally caused ---- Reinforcement theory takes a behavioristic approach, arguing that reinforcement conditions behavior. Reinforcement theorists see behavior as environmentally caused

Job-knowledge questions

ask applicants to demonstrate their job knowledge (e.g., nurses might be asked, "Give me an example of a time when one of your patients had a severe reaction to a medication. How did you handle it?").

The more consistent a behavior, the more the observer is inclined to ________.

attribute it to internal causes ---Explanation: If a person behaves in the same way all the time, they are demonstrating high consistency, which is considered to be propelled by internal causes. The person is making the internal effort to be consistent, rather than be influenced by external causes.

Which of the following statements about federal employment law is true? a. This body of law has not changed during the last two decades b. The intent of anti-discrimination law is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions c. Federal law prohibits the use of gender, race, and age as the basis for employment decisions under all circumstances. d. All federal laws are administered by the Department of Labor e. Federal employment laws do not deal with training and development activities

Which of the following training methods is almost appropriate for imparting information or knowledge to trainees? a. group discussions b. lectures and planned readings c. role-playing d. case studies e. coaching and mentoring

_______ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force. a. Functional resource planning b. Human resource management c. Work force forecasting d. recruiting e. Human resource implementation

b. compressed

_____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job. a. Job validation b. Recruiting c. Selection d. Pool enrichment e. Job inventorying

c. Selection

c. background check

c. central tendency

organizational authority is traditionally characterized by

chain of command

High-ranking manager directly responsible for fostering the ethical climate within the firm

chief ethics officer

Strategic approach to training: High ranking manager responsible for fostering employee learning and development within the firm

chief learning officer

disparate treatment

an individuals _____ refer to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner

disposition

deep-level diversity

disposition and personality

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that

diversity has a broader focus

Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?

employee-centered leadership

Last year Elaine had her purse snatched on the street bytwo teens who wore their jeans very low. All she can remember is seeing, as the teens ran away, was their plaid boxer shorts sticking out above their pants. Whenever Elaine sees boys with low-riding jeans her face tightens and she mumbles something about "delinquents". She is extremely bothered that her own grandson, an honor student, has begun to wear his jeans low. Elaine's perception of her grandson is influenced by ________.

experience --- Explanation: Elaine's negative experience has influenced her perception, even when she knows that the reality is different. Elaine's grandson is far from a delinquent, and yet she groups him with the purse snatchers because of her memories of the negative experience.

Gene is regarded by his peers as an extremely creative designer of watercraft. He attributes much of his success to his family: he was raised by a traditional boat builder and from a very early age was surrounded by boats and the people who made them. To what element of the three-component model of creativity does Gene attribute his success?

expertise --- Explanation: Expertise is the foundation for all creative work. The potential for creativity is enhanced when individuals have abilities, knowledge, proficiencies, and similar expertise in their field of endeavor.

360-degree feedback

feedback comes from four sources: the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers, and the employees themselves. The data, which are obtained anonymously (except for the boss's), are compiled into a feedback report comparing the employee's self-ratings with those of the boss, subordinates, and peers and coworkers. Usually, a consultant or human resource specialist discusses the results with the employee. The advantage of 360-degree programs is that negative feedback ("You don't listen") is often more credible when it comes from several people.

The learning and effectiveness paradigm

focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences, such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values, into the actual work of the organization.

Jamie is looking for a new job. She was top sales representative for the region, but the promotion to district manager went to a different sales representative that is one of the regional manager's golfing buddies. Jamie's lack of motivation stems from a breakdown in the ________ relationship.

performance-reward ---- Performance-reward relationship explains the degree to which the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desired outcome. Many organizations reward a lot of things besides performance. When pay is based on factors such as having seniority, being cooperative, or "kissing up" to the boss, employees are likely to see the performance-reward relationship as weak and demotivating

Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline?

performing

Craig is trying to teach his two-year old son to gently caress their cat. Craig softly strokes the animal and every time his son does the same he rewards him with kind words. "Good job!" The child is very attentive during the process and claps his hands when his father praises him. However, as soon as Craig stands up to leave, the boy lunges for the cat and grabs a chunk of hair. Which process of social-learning theory is failing?

retention processes ---- Four processes determine a model's influence on an individual: 1. Attentional processes; 2. Retention processes; 3. Motor reproduction processes; and 4. Reinforcement processes. The child is paying attention, reproducing the behavior, and receiving reinforcement. The learning process is breaking down at the retention process in which the individual is supposed to remember the model's action after the model is no longer readily available. The child seems to immediately forget when his father leaves

Pros of 360 degree evaluation: (3)

system is more comprehensive because feedback is gathered from multiple perspectives, it may lessen bias ad prejudice since feedback comes from more people, not one individual, feedback from peers and others may improve an employees' self-development

What sort of goals does Management by Objectives (MBO) emphasize?

tangible, verifiable, and measurable ---- Management by objectives (MBO) emphasizes participatively set goals that are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. The organization's overall objectives are translated into specific objectives for each succeeding level in the organization. MBO works from the bottom up as well as from the top down. The result is a hierarchy that links objectives at one level to those at the next.

ways to broaden labor pool by bringing in more women/minorities into the organization

targeted recruiting

Dashay is an emergency medical technician. Yesterday she was called to an emergency in a home where a man suffered a heart attack. She was able to resuscitate the man, and while her partners were transporting him to the ambulance she spent 10 minutes calming the 12 year old daughter, who was at home alone with the father. Although exhausted at the end of the day, Dashay felt very good about the father's prognosis and celebrated with a dinner out. Based on this description, it's safe to say that Dashay's job is high in which job characteristic?

task significance -- Explanation: Although Dashay's job has many job characteristics, the description provided best describes Dashay's sense of task significance. Task significance refers to the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives of other people.

Team rewards that depend on ______ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts.

team performance rather than individual performance

initiating structure

the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines and assigning tasks getting work done.

Extraversion

the degree to which someone is active, assertive, gregarious, sociable, talkative, and energized by others

Openness to experience

the degree to which someone is curious, broad-minded, and open to new ideas, things, and experiences; is spontaneous; and has a high tolerance for ambiguity

Which of the following terms best describes employees who sit on a company's board of directors and represent the interests of the firm's employees? A) board representatives B) works councils C) quality circles D) union representatives E) board leaders

Frame of reference training

-a group of trainees learns how to do performance appraisals by watching a video of an employee at work and then evaluating the person's performance -a trainer shares his or her evaluations, and trainees' evaluations are compared with experts' -expert explains his or her evaluation -process repeated until the differences are minimized

The learning and effectiveness paradigm

-Values common ground -Makes a distinction between individual and group differences -Less likely to lead to conflict, backlash, divisiveness -Focuses on bringing different talents and perspectives together

Biographical data (Biodata)

-extensive surveys that ask applicants questions about their personal backgrounds and life experiences -the basic idea is that past behavior (personal background and life experience) is the best predictor of future behavior -Most questionnaires have over 100 items that gather information about habits and attitudes, health, interpersonal relations, money, what it was like growing up in your family (parents, siblings, childhood years, teen years), personal habits, current home (spouse, children), hobbies, education and training, values, preferences, and work. In general, biodata are very good predictors of future job performance, especially in entry-level jobs.

Bill Joy is one of the co-founders of Sun Microsystems. In many ways, Joy is the typical computer geek, but the characteristic that sets him apart from the average computer geek is the mind-boggling breadth of his curiosity. In terms of the Big Five Personality Dimensions, Joy has a high degree of ____. a. openness to experience b. conscientiousness c. agreeableness d. extraversion e. autonomy

Managers at Precision Technologies, a custom-machine shop in Indiana, train workers on all the company's equipment so they can move around as needed in response to incoming orders. Based on this information, which of the following methods is most likely being used by Precision Technologies? A) job rotation B) job enlargement C) job enrichment D) job sharing E) flextime

Which of the following is Theory X consistent with? A) the autocratic style of managing people B) participative management C) job enrichment D) the cognitive evaluation theory E) two-factor theory

A certain corporation ties its compensation for front-line operations managers to developing their skills in leadership, workforce development, and functional excellence. What is this sort of compensation scheme called? A) job-based pay B) training-based pay C) individual merit-based pay D) skill-based pay E) development-based pay

A firm introduces job enrichment in order to motivate its employees. Evidence would suggest that which of the following is the most likely result of this change? A) reduced absenteeism and turnover costs B) lower fixed costs C) a drop in quality D) a decrease in productivity E) an increase in productivity

Which of the following is not true about the two-factor theory?

A job becomes satisfying when the dissatisfying characteristics are removed ----Herzberg proposed that his findings indicated the existence of a dual continuum: The opposite of "satisfaction" is "no satisfaction," and the opposite of "dissatisfaction" is "no dissatisfaction."

According to the JCM, which of the following statements is NOT true? A) The evidence supports the general framework of the theory. B) Managers can bypass the complex MPS formula and better derive motivating potential by simply adding the characteristics. C) The employee's perception of his or her workload compared to others may moderate the link between the core job dimension and outcomes. D) If jobs score high on motivating potential, the likelihood of turnover will be reduced. E) Jobs that are high on motivating potential must be high on both autonomy and task variety.

In order to achieve diversity, organizations must have variety among their employees and their ____. a. regulatory agencies' inspectors b. customers c. external environments d. shareholders/investors e. all of these

U.S.-based McKinsey & Co., the global consultancy, draws its consultants from more than 40 countries. A benefit of its global hiring is that it raises cultural sensitivity. "There's an obligation to see things from other points of view," says one McKinsey partner. In other words, this benefits McKinsey & Co by ____. a. creating discrimination benchmarks b. improving the quality of problem solving c. eliminating glass ceilings d. requiring the centralization of all marketing and human resources activities e. punishing those who have engaged in discrimination

Which of the following statements is true regarding employee recognition? A) Employee recognition is an extrinsic reward. B) Critics argue that employee recognition programs are highly susceptible to political manipulation by management. C) Employee recognition programs are expensive. D) Nonfinancial incentives such as recognition are more motivating in the short term but in the long run financial incentives are more motivating. E) Employee stock option is a more powerful workplace motivator than recognition.

________ is a formula-based group incentive plan that uses improvements in group productivity from one period to another to determine the total amount of money allocated. A) An employee stock ownership plan B) Gainsharing C) Profit sharing D) A piece-rate pay plan E) A merit-based pay plan

Which of the following is a legitimate reason for companies to use blind postings or blind box numbers? A. The company is financially unstable B. The company has dealings that may be considered illegal C. The company wants to avoid receiving a large number of unqualified applicants D. The company wants to use its name to attract a large number of applicants E. The company has already found a candidate for the job

C. The company wants to avoid receiving a large number of unqualified applicants

Types of performance evaluation meetings and feedback sessions: Ability to persuade an employee to change his or her behavior in a way

tell and sell

When Suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, she could find no one to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew. She finally did convince someone to teach her to sail, and after mastering sailing, she started an all-woman sailing school called Womanship as a sole proprietorship. By creating her own business, Pogell overcame problems associated with ____ while creating a different version of the same problem. a. disability discrimination b. external locus of control c. age discrimination d. male introversion e. sex discrimination

Which of the following is a not a management benefit of telecommuting? A) larger labor pool for recruitment B) higher productivity of employees C) decreased office expenditures D) improved morale in general E) decreased salary expenses

Which of the following is an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity programs? a. Treat group differences as important, but not special. b. Set high but realistic goals. c. Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups. d. Find the common ground. e. All of these are examples of diversity principles.

specific ability tests (aptitude tests)

tests that measure the extent to which an applicant processes the particular kind of ability needed to do a job well

The basic idea behind hierarchical pay structures is

that large differences in pay between jobs or organizational levels should motivate people to work harder to obtain those higher-paying jobs.

Which of the following statements about employee turnover is true?

One of the best ways to discourage turnover is to link pay directly to performance.

_____ are often used to develop new products, significantly improve existing products, roll out new information systems, or build new factories or offices within a specific time, following which the team members either move on to the next project or return to their functional units.

Project teams

Because attribution is perceived differently in Eastern cultures, which response is not likely to be made by a manager from Japan whose department is failing.

The organization has not been supportive --- Explanation: Asians (Japanese) tend to be less susceptible to the fundamental attribution error. They are less likely to use the self-serving bias, but rather they tend to accept responsibility for group failure.

Which of the following is not a problem with recognition programs?

The rewards are intrinsic ---- Important work rewards can be both intrinsic and extrinsic. Rewards are intrinsic in the form of employee recognition programs and extrinsic in the form of compensation systems. All of the other answers supply reasons why recognition programs can fail to motivate and actually demoralize staff.

organizational plurality

What are the three paradigms for managing diversity?

The three paradigms for managing diversity are the discrimination and fairness paradigm (equal opportunity, fair treatment, strict compliance with the law), the access and legitimacy paradigm (matching internal diversity to external diversity), and the learning and effectiveness paradigm (achieving organizational plurality by integrating deep-level diversity into the work of the organization).

Scientific management

Throughly studying and testing of different work methods to identify the best most efficient way to complete a job. The need to be able to do things efficiently

Before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve

To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following?

To motivate employees in organizations, managers should do all of the following EXCEPT A) recognize individual differences B) use goals and feedback C) make decisions for employees including setting goals for them D) link rewards to performance E) check the reward system for equity

What is the term used for a pay plan where pay levels are based on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do? A) a variable pay plan B) flexible pay C) competency-based pay D) gainsharing E) ISOP

What is the term used for the situation where employees are allowed to pick and choose from among a menu of benefit options. A) flexible pay B) benefit menu options C) flexible benefits D) benefit participation E) flextime

glass ceiling

When AT&T hired a female as its president, it was evidence that AT&T does not have a(n) ______ to prevent women from rising to leadership positions.

Personality

____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other.

A study in the construction industry found that 82 percent of the time equipment is stolen from building sites workers are the culprits. If background checks reduced employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be __________. a. validated b. EEOC certified c. legally authorized d. corroborated e. legally binding

a. Federal Trade Commission regulations b. affirmative action programs c. congressional lobbying d. watchdog advocacy groups e. racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace- CORRECT

Which of the following statements about federal employment laws is true? a. They do not deal with training and development activities. b. All federal laws are administered by the Department of Labor. c. These laws prohibit the use of gender, race, and age as the basis for employment decisions under all circumstances. d. The intent of these laws is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions. e. This body of law has not changed during the last two decades.

d. The intent of these laws is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions.

A perennial problem of teacher education programs is to screen the highest quality candidates from those who should not work in schools. One suggested method is to ask applicants a series of questions about their experiences with siblings, how they treat stress, their attitude toward procrastination, ways they like to have fun, etc. This method, which can use over 100 questions, gathers _____.

d. biographical data

Mel has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step she takes if she follows this model?

determine what she needs to take into account when making her decision --- Explanation: The rational decision-making model follows a six-step process. The steps are: 1) Define the problem; 2) Identify the decision criteria; 3) Allocate weights to the criteria; 4) Develop the alternatives; 5) Evaluate the alternatives; 6) Select the best alternative. Mel needs to apply step two by determining the decision criteria, or what she needs to take into account.

Gloria thinks that she is paid less than other workers in her division and feels extremely resentful. She starts taking long breaks and generally wasting time. Her actions were a result of her perceiving what kind of injustice?

distributive --- Gloria is focusing on and reacting to a perceived inequity of her income. Equity theory that focuses on the employee's perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals is called distributive justice

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that _____.

diversity has a broader focus, while affirmative action does not

What are the 5 basic dimensions of personality?

extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience Of these, conscientiousness is perhaps the most important because conscientious workers tend to be better performers on virtually any job. Extraversion is also related to performance in jobs that require significant interaction with others.

What is the name for an incentive plan where improvements in group productivity determine the total amount of money that is allocated?

gainsharing ---- Gainsharing is a formula-based group incentive plan. It uses improvements in group productivity from one period to another to determine the total amount of money allocated. It is different from profit sharing in that it ties rewards to productivity gains rather than profits. Employees in a gainsharing plan can receive incentive awards even when the organization isn't profitable.

steps in performance management process: (6)

goals set to align with higher level goals, behavioral expectations and standards set and then aligned with employee/organizational goals, ongoing performance feedback provided during cycle, performance appraised by manager, formal review session conducted, HR decision making (pay, promotion, etc.)

A trucking company routinely makes all of its office staff work for a week in the warehouse area: loading trucks, cleaning trucks, and doing other work which they are capable of. This program is an example of which of the following?

job rotation --- Explanation: This is an example of job rotation, or the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another with similar skill requirements at the same organizational level .

Refer to Unilever. To focus on deep-level diversity, Unilever would need to use the ____ paradigm.

learning and effectiveness

dysfunctional turnover

loss of high performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave a company

Refer to Krispy Kreme. To be successful, managers need four skills. The fact that Rudolph was a skilled baker when he purchased the secret doughnut recipe indicates he had ____ skills.

technical

Types of performance evaluation meetings and feedback sessions: Appraiser/supervisor communicates the strong and weak points of an employee's job performance during the first part of the session

tell and listen

What is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment?

perception -Explanation: Perception is defined as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. What we perceive can be substantially different from objective reality.

The degree to which an individual believes that performing at a particular level will generate a desired outcome is defined by expectancy theory as what kind of relationship?

performance-reward ---- Performance-reward relationship explains the degree to which the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desired outcome

Objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior that is used to gauge a person's KSAOs relative to other individuals Process of evaluating individuals Has the potential for legal challenges by applicants

pre-employment tests

The least amount of team autonomy is found in _____ and highest is found in _____.

traditional work groups; self-desining teams

Assessing the readiness and motivation or trainees: preconditions for learning that affect success are Whether or not the experience and knowledge of trainees have made them ready to absorb the training

trainee readiness

Which of the following is an example of a subjective performance measure?

e. Behavioral observation scale

One of the disadvantages associated with Internet training is________. a. its increased popularity b. how it increases employee stress c. how it decreases workplace productivity d. how it increases travel costs e. the cost of equipment and technology

Older workers ____. a. tend to perform less effectively compared to younger workers b. are more likely to quit, be late, or be absent than younger workers c. typically demonstrate poor judgment d. care less about the quality of their output than younger workers e. are accurately described by none of these

career paths

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method?

Before beginning to recruit job applicants, organizations must _____.

a. conduct a job analysis

The two basic types of diversity training programs are ____.

a. mentoring and role-playing b. role-playing and computer simulation c. awareness training and skills-based diversity training- CORRECT d. organizational plurality and individual autonomy e. computer simulation and role-playing

Application Forms

-May ask applicants only for job related information -commonly ask applicants for non job related information, such as marital status, maiden name, age, date of high school grad

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions? a. emotional stability b. extraversion c. conscientiousness d. empathy e. agreeableness

Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the ________. A) planning, execution and evaluation of his or her work B) planning, execution and evaluation of company plans C) horizontal integration of his or her tasks D) feedback that a worker receives from his or her supervisor and peers E) evaluation of his or her peers

Which of the following statements about performance appraisals is true?

Performance appraisals are used for making administrative decisions on how well employees are doing their jobs

Transformational leaders that pay special attention to followers' individual needs by creating learning opportunities, accepting and tolerating individual differences, encouraging two-way communication, and practice being a good listener describes the component of transformational leadership known as ____?

Strategic leadership

What is the name for an incentive plan where improvements in group productivity determine the total amount of money that is allocated? A) ESOP B) gainsharing C) profit sharing D) piece rates E) employee ownership

Your workforce is diverse in terms of their needs for benefits. Jim is married with two children and his wife is at home full time. Janet is single and supports her widowed mother. Bob is married and his wife has a high-paying job You decide that you want to devise a benefits program that is tailored to their individual needs. What sort of benefit program would probably be the best choice? A) a traditional benefit program B) a flexible benefit program C) letting them purchase their own benefits D) an ESOP E) an AESOP

Organizational plurality is consistent with ____.

a. none of these b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the access and legitimacy paradigm d. the determination and fairness paradigm e. the paradigm of commonality

_________ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related background information not provided by applicants.

background checks

the internet through which the urban legends are transmitted is an example of ........ in the communication process.

communication medium

If a person responds the same way over time, attribution theory states that the behavior shows ________.

consistency --- Explanation: Consistency in a person's actions means that the person responds the same way over time to the same situation. An employee who hasn't been late for several months is perceived differently than an employee who is late two or three times a week. The regularly late employee demonstrates high consistency in tardiness.

Determining validity of tests: Extent to which a selection instrument, such as a test, adequately samples the knowledge and skills needed to perform a particular job

content validity

Japanese-based Honda Motors recently opened a manufacturing plant in China. The Chinese balked at wearing the standard Honda white uniforms because white in China is a funeral color. The Chinese workers agreed to wear the white uniforms if they could wear gray caps. The compromise made everyone happy. This cultural sensitivity is an example of how ____ influences organizations.

diversity

a key difference between affirmative action and diversity is

diversity has a broader focus, while affirmative action does not

In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a problem?

find an acceptable solution --- Explanation: As you might imagine, most decisions in the real world don't follow the rational model. People are usually content to find an acceptable or reasonable solution to a problem rather than an optimal one.

Trait methods: Each employee is rated according to a scale of characteristics

graphic rating-scale method

temporal error: the tendency for an impression created in one area to influence opinion in another area

halo effect

Which of the following has not been shown to be a benefit of flex time?

increased meaningfulness ---- Flex time benefits include reduced absenteeism, increased productivity, reduced overtime expenses, reduced hostility toward management, reduced traffic congestion around work sites, elimination of tardiness, and increased autonomy and responsibility for employees, any of which may increase employee job satisfaction

Autonomy

is the degree to which a job gives workers this discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.

Social integration

is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective, or, as one manager put it, "working together to get the job done."

According to Kohlberg's model of moral development, people at the ____ make decisions that are based on selfish reasons.

preconventional level

A discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state is a ________.

problem --- Explanation: A problem, or a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state is the catalyst for decision making. Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem.

incorporating the principles of learning: feedback and reinforcement Programs that award employees on the spot when they do something particularly well during training or on the job

spot rewards

Legal guidelines: Firm's HR department should review the evaluations to see if minority groups are being adversely impacted Evaluations should be discussed openly with employees and counseling offered to help poor performers Appeals procedure should be established to enable employees to express disagreement with the evaluation

true

Selection

the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job

disparate treatment

-intentional discrimination -occurs when people, despite being qualified, are intentionally not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities as other employees because of their race, color, age, sex, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.

Performance appraisals are used for four broad purposes

-making administrative decisions (e.g., pay increase, promotion, retention) -providing feedback for employee development (e.g., performance feedback, developing career plans) -evaluating human resource programs (e.g., validating selection systems) -documentation purposes (e.g., documenting performance ratings and decisions based on those ratings).

What percentage do managers spend communicating

80%

A trucking company routinely makes all of its office staff work for a week in the warehouse area; loading trucks, cleaning trucks, and doing other warehouse work which they are capable of. This program is an example of which of the following? A) job rotation B) job enlargement C) job enrichment D) job sharing E) flextime

diversity audit

Which of the following statements is true about job application forms? A. Application forms should include factual questions concerning the profile the hiring company established for the position. B. Résumés provide very different types of information than application forms do. C. Application forms are often too individualized. D. Responses on application forms should never be used to structure personal interviews. E. Application forms should typically include questions to gauge the job applicant's response to stress.

A. Application forms should include factual questions concerning the profile the hiring company established for the position.

disposition

An individual's ____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

disposition

An individual's _____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

disposition

An individual's ______ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

Pay-structure decisions

Concerned with internal pay distribution, meaning the extent to which people in the company receive very different levels of pay

According to the text, how do companies typically fare when they are accused of discrimination and must go to court to defend themselves? a. Potential employees cannot accuse a company of discrimination, but concerned employees can file a lawsuit on their behalf. b. The strategy used to defend an organization against charges of discrimination actually makes the company more cohesive. c. Companies usually lose in local courts and win in appeals court. d. Companies lose, on average, two-thirds of the discrimination cases brought against them. e. Companies typically cannot justify the discrimination from a monetary standpoint.

As the German pharmaceuticals company Schering AG decided to implement a diversity training program, its human resources managers discovered the Americans (and, to a surprising degree, the Australian, Canadian, and Indian participants) reached decisions very quickly. One German manager described them as "hip shooters." He said, "We [Germans] are more analytical. We're more logical and systematic." This discovery had to do with ____. a. organizational plurality b. behavioral diversity c. surface-level diversity d. deep-level diversity e. ego-driven heterogeneity

Efficient

Doing the right things well without wasting energy or time.

Managers can do three different things to make performance reviews as comfortable and productive as possible.

First, managers should separate developmental feedback, which is designed to improve future performance, from administrative feedback, which is used to evaluate past performance, often for determining rewards such as raises. Second, Meyer suggests that performance appraisal feedback sessions be based on self-appraisals, in which employees carefully assess their own strengths, weaknesses, successes, and failures in writing. Because employees play an active role in the review of their performance, managers can be coaches rather than judges. Finally, what people do with the performance feedback they receive really matters

The fastest-growing population group in the United States is ____.

Hispanic-Americans

In a 2006 study, what percentage of top performers indicated pay was a key factor in losing top talent? A) 21 B) 41 C) 61 D) 71

Initially setting pay levels requires balancing ________. A) the company's budget B) supply and demand of labor C) internal and external equity D) job worth and demand E) job worth and internal equity

Which of the following statements is true regarding the discrimination and fairness paradigm?

It focuses only on surface-level dimensions of diversity.

Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees.

Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?

Which of the following BEST describes job candidates who are employed, satisfied, and content in their current role, but who would be interested in interviewing if the right job came along?

Passive job seekers

The overall evidence on job enrichment generally shows that it increases satisfaction, reduces absenteeism, and reduces turnover costs

TRUE ---- The evidence on job enrichment shows it reduces absenteeism and turnover costs and increases satisfaction, but not all job enrichment programs are equally effective

a company has project teams perform field research for its clients. these project teams are composed of students of theology, actors, and musicians as well as the more traditional marketing experts and statisticians. The companies teams benefit from......

Team diversity

Which of the following typically happens during the storming stage of team development?

Team members begin to work together, and different personalities and work styles clash.

false

The hostile work environment form of sexual harassment occurs when employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to being sexually harassed

Which of the following is an advantage of internal recruiting?

The organization is aware of its employees' capabilities.

Which of the following should managers do in order to minimize the problems inherent in firing employees?

They should give employees a chance to change their behavior before firing them.

What is the name for employees who sit on a company's board of directors and represent the interests of the firm's employees? A) board representatives B) works councils C) quality circles D) union representatives E) board leaders

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

a. Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive.- CORRECT b. On average, people with disabilities earn the same amount as those without disabilities. c. A disability must be visible to the average person to be considered a true disability. d. None of these statements about disabilities is true. e. A disability is only covered by discrimination laws when it is physical.

Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?

a. Diversity makes individuals whole by returning them to the condition or place they would have been had it not been for discrimination. b. Diversity allows a company to act with economic responsibility. c. Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees.- CORRECT d. Diversity eliminates glass ceilings. e. Diversity increases an organization's retained earnings.

_____ can be best defined as the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force. a. Human resource management b. Employee recruiting c. Human resource implementation d. Functional resource planning e. Work force forecasting

a. Human resource management

_____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job.

a. Selection

Job analyses, job descriptions, and job specifications help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

a. True

People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress.

a. agreeableness b. empathy c. emotional stability- CORRECT d. conscientiousness e. openness to experience

a. biographical data

_____ ask raters to rate the frequency with which workers perform specific behaviors representative of the job dimensions that are critical to successful job performance.

b. Behavioral observation scales

Which of the following factors is considered while conducting an objective performance measure?

b. Output of an employee

A _____ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.

b. job analysis

A _____ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job. a. job specification b. job analysis c. job validation d. job description e. job appraisal

b. job analysis

background check

A study in the construction industry found that when equipment is stolen from building sites, workers are the culprits 82 percent of the time. Which type of selection information would employers in the construction industry receive the greatest benefit from if their goal is to stop employee theft?

background checks

Which of the following factors is considered while conducting an objective performance measure? a. Behavior of an employee b. Cognitive ability of an employee c. Output of an employee d. Autocratic personality of an employee e. Economic background of an employee

c. Output of an employee

Which of the following statements about federal employment laws is true?

c. The intent of these laws is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions.

Training methods: Involves a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions from the manager to a subordinate relies most heavily on a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions from managers to subordinates

coaching

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must _____.

conduct a job analysis

Which of the following is an internal recruiting method? a. Walk-ins b. Job fairs c. Internet job sites d. Job posting e. Advertising

d. Job posting

The term _____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

d. compensation

Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline

de norming

In the stages of team development, a team first moves from growth to decline during the _____ stage.

de-norming

Which of the following is a not a management benefit of telecommuting?

decreased benefits expenses ---- The pluses of telecommuting for management include a larger labor pool from which to select, higher productivity, less turnover, improved morale, and reduced office-space costs.

...... consist of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and non verbal behaviors

deep level diversity

______ consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors

deep-level diversity

extrinsic rewards

tangible visible to others

Older workers ____.

a. tend to perform less effectively compared to younger workers b. are accurately described by none of these- CORRECT c. typically demonstrate poor judgment d. are more likely to quit, be late, or be absent than younger workers e. care less about the quality of their output than younger workers

Conscientiousness is ____.

a. the degree to which someone is active and gregarious b. the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented- CORRECT c. defined by none of these d. the degree to which someone is cooperative, flexible, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting e. the degree to which someone is curious Hide Feedback

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?

a. the learning and effectiveness paradigm b. the discrimination and fairness paradigm- CORRECT c. the affirmative action paradigm d. the personal integration paradigm e. the access and legitimacy paradigm

Organizational plurality is consistent with:

a. the paradigm of commonality b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the determination and fairness paradigm d. none of these e. the access and legitimacy paradigm

Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity?

a. the paradigm of organizational diversity b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm- CORRECT c. the affirmative action paradigm d. the sociocultural paradigm e. the Machiavellian paradigm

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.

a. use job enlargement b. make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations- CORRECT c. create a code of ethics d. use a matrix organizational structure e. centralize their hiring practices

3 factors that affect an employee's performance: technical skills, interpersonal skills, problem solving skills, analytical skills, communication skills, physical limitations

ability

Recruitment Metrics: Percentage of applicants who accept a firm's jobs after being offered them the lower rate will require a firm and its HR personnel to determine why this is happening

acceptance rate

A company implementing a(n) ____ strategy would choose to accept responsibility for a problem and do all that society expects to solve problems.

accommodative

Motivation is best defined as a process that

accounts for an individual's efforts toward attaining a goal ----Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal

During his tenure as the CEO of Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB), John Mack turned the money-losing bank into a profitable firm by "goading workers to move out of their comfort zones" and setting challenging goals for them. His high expectation for his employees indicates that Mack used a(n) ____ leadership style.

achievement-oriented

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, ____ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees, and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.

achievement-oriented leadership

Which of the following is not a predictable choice when employees perceive an inequity?

acquire more tenure ---- Based on the theory, employees who perceive inequity will make one of six choices: 1. Change their inputs (exert less effort if underpaid, or more if overpaid); 2. Change their outcomes (individuals paid on a piece-rate basis can increase their pay by producing a higher quantity of units of lower quality); 3. Distort perceptions of self ("I used to think I worked at a moderate pace, but now I realize I work a lot harder than everyone else."); 4. Distort perceptions of others ("Mike's job isn't as desirable as I thought."); 5. Choose a different referent ("I may not make as much as my brother-in-law, but I'm doing a lot better than my Dad did when he was my age."); 6. Leave the field (quit the job). Staying with the job to acquire more tenure is not a predictable choice of perceived inequity.

Purposes of a performance feedback: document personnel decisions, promote employees, determine transfers and assignments, identify performance problems and develop ways to correct them, make retention, termination, and layoff decisions, validate selection criteria, meet legal requirements, evaluate training programs/progress, assist with HR planning, make reward and compensation decisions

administrative

what is an ineffective way of reaching minorities who are inner-city residents?

advertisements in major newspapers

unlike....... which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces..... programs seek to benefit both organization and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences.

affirmative actions diversity

Members of the nighttime janitorial staff are generally low skilled and would probably be motivated by

all of the above ---- The repetitive tasks of a janitorial staff provide little variety, autonomy, or motivation. By offering various forms of job enrichment, a flexible work schedule, and job rotation, a manager can raise employee satisfaction and production

To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does U.S. Federal employment law apply?

all of these (selection decisions, compensation decisions, performance appraisals, training and development activities)

Team norms in an organization can create:

all of these (stronger organizational commitment, more trust in management, negative behaviors, such as breaking rules, increased job satisfaction)

Which of the following statements describe an advantage teams have over individuals in the decision-making process?

all of these describe advantage teams have over individuals in the decision-making process

Getting background information

-Conduct criminal record checks -Ask applicants to sign a waiver to check references, run a background check, or contact people with knowledge of work history -Ask applicants if there is anything they want the company to know -Consider hiring a private investigator

Conducted by different people who interact with the employee on forms compiled into a single profile for use in the evaluation meeting Companies should consider the following safeguards: Assure anonymity, Make respondents accountable, Prevent gaming of the system, Use statistical procedures, Identify and quantify biases

360 degree evaluations

A violation of the _____ used by the courts and federal agencies to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact occurs when the members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained (or any other employment decision) at substantially lower rates than others.

80 percent rule

For which of the following positions would the hiring organization be most likely to require someone who has high degree of emotional stability?

911 operator

Companies in several industries are now waking up to the market needs of gays and lesbians. Through diversity programs, organizations are actively recruiting and hiring gays and lesbians to ____. a. promote business growth b. encourage litigation c. increase fixed costs d. achieve fiscal responsibility goals e. do all of these

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____. a. make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations b. use a matrix organizational structure c. create a code of ethics d. use job enlargement e. centralize their hiring practices

Which of the following statements is true regarding gainsharing? A) Gainsharing focuses on productivity gains rather than profits. B) Gainsharing involves paying employees based on the number of new skills acquired by them in a specific time period. C) Gainsharing does not distribute profits, only gains in profits. D) Employees working under gainsharing plans have a greater feeling of psychological ownership. E) Gain sharing encourages social loafing.

Which of the following statements is true regarding participative management? A) Participative management typically has only a modest influence on variables such as employee productivity and motivation. B) The two most common forms are works councils and board representatives. C) It is called "the most widely legislated form of employee involvement around the world." D) Research evidence on participative management indicates that it is a sure means for improving employee performance. E) Participative management involves few representatives of workers sitting on the company's board of directors.

With reference to the job characteristics model, which of the following defines task identity? A) the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) the degree to which work activities generates direct and clear information about performance C) the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and procedure D) the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities

Robert sells a full line of equipment—from sawmills to machines that cut wood veneers. His sales manager wants him to spend his time selling. But, his customers expect him to spend a large part of his time showing them how to install, operate, and maintain their equipment. What can Robert do to handle his role stress? A. Ask his sales manager to explain exactly what his duties are. B. Quit this job and find one that is less stressful. C. Work overtime to satisfy both his customers and his sales manager. D. Accuse the sales manager of unfair treatment. E. Always put the needs of his customer ahead of the requirements of his sales manager.

A. Ask his sales manager to explain exactly what his duties are

The saying, "In times of change, the learners inherit the earth, while the learned find themselves beautifully equipped to handle a world that no longer exists" refers to the need for salespeople to: A. constantly improve their knowledge, skills, and abilities. B. always scope out the competition first. C. have a degree in selling as a prerequisite for any position. D. do their job the way they learned it in college. E. do all of the above.

A. constantly improve their knowledge, skills, and abilities.

Molly works as a salesperson for a manufacturer of aquariums and other aquatic equipment. She has promised one of her loyal customers that she will host an in-store presentation on April 12th on how to set up a garden pond. But her supervisor informs her that she is required to attend a trade show in Chicago on April 12th. Molly is most likely experiencing _____. A. role conflict B. situational stress C. buyer's remorse D. twin stress E. cultural breakdown

A. role conflict

Amalgamated Industries manufactures parts for furniture. Management has decided to change the method of payment to a skill-based plan. You are interested in increasing your current compensation and see this as an opportunity. As a manager, you like the plan because it allows ________. A) protection of territory B) increased flexibility of the workforce C) elimination of workers D) decreased payroll costs E) increased control

Amalgamated Industries manufactures parts for furniture. Management has decided to change the method of payment to a skill-based plan. You are interested in increasing your current compensation and see this as an opportunity. You should expect to earn more if you ________. A) volunteer for overtime B) increase your production C) cross train in other jobs D) become a specialist E) master common skills

Which of the following might account for the disparities between the percentages of African, Hispanic, and Asian Americans in the general population and their smaller representation in management positions? a. Federal Trade Commission regulations b. racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace c. watchdog advocacy groups d. congressional lobbying e. affirmative action programs

Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense? a. Diversity increases an organization's retained earnings. b. Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees. c. Diversity makes individuals whole by returning them to the condition or place they would have been had it not been for discrimination. d. Diversity allows a company to act with economic responsibility. e. Diversity eliminates glass ceilings.

With surface-level diversity, differences are immediately observable, easy to measure, and ____. a. a negative way of bundling employees b. typically unchangeable c. culturally specific d. irrelevant to work behavior e. time-activated

As you seek a job in sales, it is important that you understand your own needs. Which of the following questions is one you should ask yourself to help you determine what motivates you? A. Do I prefer to set my own deadlines, or do I need deadlines set by others? B. Am I propelled more by financial incentives, personal recognition, or the satisfaction of just getting a task completed? C. Am I a risk taker, or do I prefer more secure activities? D. Do I prefer mechanical and technical topics, or am I more disposed to art, fashion, and merchandising? E. What should I do when faced with rejection?

B. Am I propelled more by financial incentives, personal recognition, or the satisfaction of just getting a task completed?

Which of the following statements is true about employment ads? A. An ad offering a "sales manager trainee" position is an opportunity to become a sales manager without selling experience. B. Employment ads for an "independent contractor" mean that the salesperson will work on straight commission with no employee benefits. C. Any company that advertises a job opportunity using a blind box number is too deceitful for an ethical person to consider working for. D. When you write a cover letter to answer a job advertisement, make sure that it is not more than two sentences long. E. Job candidates should look for only one thing in an ad: what they can offer the company.

B. Employment ads for an "independent contractor" mean that the salesperson will work on straight commission with no employee benefits.

Which of the following statements is true of the recruiting process? A. Unlike résumés, application forms are often too individualized. B. The application form should include factual questions concerning the job profile. C. Intelligence, ability, personality, and interest tests are no longer used by companies. D. Responses on the application form are most useful for structuring intelligence test. E. The most frequently contacted references are coworkers.

B. The application form should include factual questions concerning the job profile.

Which of the following statements is true about an interviewee? A. During the approach phase of the interview, the interviewee would need the same type of attention getter just as he/she would in a cold call. B. The interviewee should come to the interview prepared to take notes, especially when asking about the company. C. The interviewee should remember that it does not make any difference in the interview whether the interviewer is a personnel manager or a sales manager. D. The interviewee should not engage in social amenities at any time during the interview. E. None of the above statements are true.

B. The interviewee should come to the interview prepared to take notes, especially when asking about the company.

Ferguson was a little early for his interview at the college placement center. Fortunately, the interviewer had brought along a recent graduate of the college who had been hired two years ago, and Ferguson spent time talking to her prior to the time for his interview. Which of the following terms best describes this recent graduate brought in by the interviewer? A. maven B. greeter C. decoy D. moderator E. lobbyist

B. greeter

Melanie was about 10 minutes into her third interview with a sales manager when, without warning, the manager picked up the ashtray from her desk and handed it to Melanie saying, "Here, sell me this ashtray." Melanie was in a(n) _____ interview. A. action B. stress C. intelligence test D. measurement E. capability

B. stress

The first step in making a good match between what you have to offer and a company's position is to determine: A. the pricing strategies used by the company. B. what you need. C. what the company has to offer you. D. the needs of the company. E. the competitor's strategies.

B. what you need

Which is not a reason why it is difficult to base decision making on ethics when working abroad?

Because the United States is the only nation without corruption. --- Explanation: There are no global ethical standards. The U.S. has various cases of corruption, making it equally difficult for decision makers to make ethical decisions.

conduct a job analysis

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.

To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following?

Before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve

According to the job characteristics model, autonomy is defined as the degree to which ________. A) a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work B) work activities generates direct and clear information about performance C) a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling the work D) a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people E) a job requires a variety of different activities

Affirmative action programs are typically designed to ____. a. create homogeneous diversity b. be punitive c. compensate for past discrimination d. protect white, non-Hispanic Americans e. do all of these

For which of the following positions would the hiring organization be most likely to require someone who has high degree of emotional stability? a. car mechanic b. landscape designer c. 911 operator d. electrician e. meteorologist

In the nursing home industry, there is a growing pool of older workers who may not be capable by themselves of performing physically demanding, labor-intensive work. By pairing two younger workers with an older one, more job opportunities for older workers are created. Furthermore, this pairing could be a significant advantage in nursing homes where an older worker may have more sensitivity to aging problems. This would be an example of a type of mentoring called ____. a. awareness training b. coaching c. diversity pairing d. social integration e. acculturation

Increasingly, research on motivation focuses on approaches that link motivational concepts to changes in the way ________ is/are structured. A) organizational design B) payment C) work D) benefits E) organizational culture

To help companies reduce age discrimination, their managers can ____. a. recognize that age discrimination is not a very widespread problem b. hire workers under 40 c. ensure that younger and older workers interact with each other d. accept the fact technological obsolescence is one of the costs of doing business e. create more glass ceilings

Vance and Jared were both recently hired to be program directors at an urban university. Vance attended a large, historic university while Jared attended a branch campus of a regional university. Jared is paid 15% more than Vance. The best explanation for this is ________. A) Jared is a better negotiator B) Vance did not do well in school C) Jared's position is worth more to the university D) Vance's position is not important to the university E) the institution is not competitive within the industry

When Suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, she could find no one to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew. She finally did convince someone to teach her to sail, and after mastering sailing, she started an all-woman sailing school called Womanship as a sole proprietorship. The male sailors who would not teach her were exhibiting ____. a. organizational plurality b. behavioral diversity c. surface-level diversity d. deep-level diversity e. ego-driven heterogeneity

Which of the following is the major drawback of job sharing from management's perspective? A) increase in supervisory workload B) increased costs for providing supporting infrastructure (such as desk and computer) to two employees instead of one C) difficulty in finding compatible partners D) difficulty in designing the reward structure E) difficulty in coordinating schedules

Sales can be a stressful occupation although different sales jobs have different stress levels. As you seek a job in sales, which of the following questions is one you should ask yourself to help you determine your acceptable level of stress? A. Do I prefer to set my own deadlines, or do I need deadlines set by others? B. Am I propelled more by financial incentives, personal recognition, or the satisfaction of just getting a task completed? C. Am I a risk taker, or do I prefer more secure activities? D. Do I prefer mechanical and technical topics, or am I more disposed to art, fashion, and merchandising? E. Can I work well when assignments are ambiguous, or do I need a lot of instruction

C. Am I a risk taker, or do I prefer more secure activities?

diversity programs

Doris Cunningham, CEO of Members Choice Federal Credit Union in West Virginia, believes keeping staff excited about the business they're in is one of a leader's primary roles. She believes a spirit of enthusiasm must start at the top. This indicates that Cunningham is high in ____.

Consideration

Janice and Shunil are both senior software analysts. They have worked together on projects for six years and get along great. Janice is pregnant and anticipating the arrival of her first child and she is not willing to work full time. Shunil would like to experiment with opening his own business as a home media installation consultant, and does not want to continue to work full time. They both need some income. Which of the following alternative job structures would be best for Janice and Shunil? A) job enlargement B) telecommuting C) job rotation D) job sharing E) job enrichment

Ned is particularly adept at designing and creating new fashions. In which of the following would Ned have the highest level of task identity? A) doing alterations at the dry cleaners B) creating custom bridal gowns in a bridal store C) creating custom gowns and suits for a pageant store D) working as a private tailor for a local real estate agent E) working as a stylist for a local celebrity

Unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences. a. affirmative action; self-monitoring b. diversity; self-monitoring c. diversity; affirmative action d. affirmative action; diversity e. federal agency monitoring; self-monitoring

Mandy works for a company that sells wholesale products to grocery stores. She is unsure whether she should spend her time in convincing store owners to carry her company's products or in promoting the products to support her company's pull strategy. Mandy is experiencing: A. ambiguous control. B. subliminal stress. C. directional incoherence. D. role ambiguity. E. indecisive implementation.

D. role ambiguity

_____ occurs when the salesperson is not sure what actions are required. A. Ambiguous control B. Subliminal stress C. Directional incoherence D. Role ambiguity E. Indecisive implementation

D. role ambiguity

Organizing

Deciding where decisions will be made, who will do what jobs and tasks, and who will work for whom in the company

_____ consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors.

Deep-level diversity

Explain how the dimensions of deep-level diversity affect individual behavior and interactions in the workplace.

Deep-level diversity matters because it can reduce prejudice, discrimination, and conflict while increasing social integration. It consists of dispositional and personality differences that can be recognized only through extended interaction with others.

Describe diversity and explain why it matters.

Diversity exists in organizations when there are demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the employees and the customers. diversity is broader in focus (going beyond demographics); voluntary; more positive in that it encourages companies to value all kinds of differences

Companies in several industries are now waking up to the needs of gays and lesbians. They are not only valuable consumers but also great employees who actually help their employers better understand the market. Companies that have hired gays and lesbians more than likely have ____. a. disparity programs b. continuous federal agency monitoring c. poor codes of ethics d. ethical ombudsmen on staff e. diversity programs

Theory Y ________. A) advocates job sharing B) if implemented, reduces intrinsic employee motivation C) encourages telecommuting D) encourages fixed pay structure E) is consistent with participative management

Tomas is a recent college graduate who is looking for a job. He has been asked to take some tests as part of the selection process to see if he is suitable for a sales job position that he has applied for. Which of the following test will Tomas have to take? A. A personality test B. An intelligence test C. An ability test D. An interest test E. Any or all of the above types of tests

E. Any or all of the above types of tests

Which of the following statements is true about a job interview? A. One difference between sales calls and job interviews is that needs do not have to be identified in the job interview. B. Most interviewers would perceive you to be excessively insecure if you took notes during a job interview. C. Periods of silence should be avoided during the interview. D. It is important not to seem over eager at the close of the interview, so avoid asking for a commitment from your interviewer at this time. E. Be sure to learn when you can expect to hear from the company.

E. Be sure to learn when you can expect to hear from the company.

The anxiety you feel on the day of a big test that you are ill-prepared for is an example of _____. A. permanent stress B. subliminal terror C. felt stress D. temporary urgency E. situational stress

E. situational stress

What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where employees acquire stock as part of their benefits?

ESOP ---- Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) is a company-established benefits plan in which employees acquire stock, often at below-market prices, as part of their benefits

Which of the following statements about social responsibility is true?

Economic and legal responsibilities play a larger role in a company's social responsibility than do ethical and discretionary responsibilities.

Who proposed that intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work motivation?

Edwin Locke ---- In the late 1960s, Edwin Locke proposed that intentions to work toward a goal are a major source of work motivation. That is, goals tell an employee what needs to be done and how much effort will need to be expended.

____ is the accomplishment of tasks that help fulfill organizational objectives.

Effectiveness

Which of the following is the term for a document that specifies job title, department, the date the employee is needed for work, and other details and that is initiated at the start of recruitment for a position?

Employee requisition

Which of the following is not true about referent comparisons in equity theory

Employees in sex-segregated jobs use more cross-sex comparisons ---- Employees compare themselves to friends, neighbors, co-workers, or colleagues in other organizations. Employees in jobs that are not sex segregated will make more cross-sex comparisons than those in jobs that are either male or female dominated

T or F Activity-based diversity training teaches employees the practical skills they need for managing a diverse work force, skills such as flexibility and adaptability, negotiation, problem solving, and conflict resolution.

T or F The two basic types of diversity training are cultural training and attitude-based diversity training.

If one is interested in changing employee attitudes or in improving organizational performance, representative participation would be a good choice.

FALSE

Job enlargement is also called cross-training.

FALSE

Job rotation allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job.

FALSE

Skill-based pay encourages employees to concentrate on one or two highly desirable skills.

FALSE

Some research suggests nonfinancial incentives may be more motivating in the short term, but in the long run financial incentives are more motivating.

FALSE

Intuitive decision analysis must operate independently of rational analysis.

FALSE Explanation: Intuition does not operate in opposition to rational analysis; rather, the two can complement each other.

Rashid and a group of friends from Pakistan are going out to eat. At the restaurant the hostess tells them a bit distractedly, that there is no seating for the next two hours. Monica, a young Hispanic woman, and her boyfriend, arrive at the same restaurant a few minutes later, and are told the same thing by the same hostess in the same tone. They will probably perceive the situation similarly.

FALSE -- Explanation: Characteristics that affect perception include your attitudes, personality, motives, interests, past experiences, and expectations. Rashid and Monica have different backgrounds and contexts and will probably perceive the hostess' tone differently.

One of the most expensive motivation programs is that which recognizes an employee's superior performance

FALSE ---- An obvious advantage of recognition programs is that they are inexpensive since praise is free.

Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the execution of company plans.

FALSE ---- Job enrichment expands jobs by increasing the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work

Job rotation, flex time, and job sharing are all designed to increase employee flexibility

FALSE ---- Only flex time and job sharing increase flexibility. Job rotation is used to increase motivation by stimulation

Participative management implies joint decision making and equal decision-making roles

FALSE ---- The distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs is joint decision making, in which subordinates share a significant degree (but not an equal degree) of decision-making power with their immediate superiors

If one is interested in changing employee attitudes or in improving organizational performance, representative participation would be a good choice

FALSE ---- The influence of representative participation on working employees seems to be minimal.

The JCM model consists of task significance, feedback, meaningfulness, and autonomy

FALSE ---- The job characteristics model ( JCM) describes jobs in terms of five core job dimensions: skill variety, the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities; task identity, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work; task significance, the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people; autonomy, the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling; and feedback, the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about performance.

Variable-pay compensation pays people for the time they spend on the job and seniority.

FALSE ---- Variable-pay compensation is a pay plan that bases a portion of an employee's pay on some individual and/or organizational measure of performance. Seniority is not a factor

The two basic types of diversity training are cultural training and attitude-based diversity training.

False

How do most employees react to job enlargement efforts? A) unqualified approval B) somewhat enthusiastically C) with a lack of enthusiasm D) with mixed emotions E) with very little reaction.

What is perceived organizational support attitude?

How much you believe that the organization cares about you and values your work.

People who perceive that they are victims of interactional injustice tend to blame their immediate supervisor rather than the organization at large. Why is this?

Interactional injustice usually occurs during face-to-face encounters. ---- Interactional justice refers to an individual's perception of the degree to which she is treated with dignity, concern, and respect. Because people intimately connect interactional justice or injustice to the conveyer of the information, perceptions of injustice tend to be more closely related to the supervisor

What is the major failure of reinforcement theory in explaining changes in behavior?

It does not recognize the effect of feelings, attitudes, and other cognitive variables ---- In its pure form, reinforcement theory ignores feelings, attitudes, expectations, and other cognitive variables known to affect behavior. In fact, some researchers look at the same experiments reinforcement theorists use to support their position and interpret the findings in a cognitive framework.

What is the main strength of job rotation?

It increases motivation. --- Explanation: The strengths of job rotation are that it reduces boredom, increases motivation, and helps employees better understand how their work contributes to the organization. The weaknesses are that training costs increase, and productivity is reduced, and it's more demanding on supervisors.

Job evaluation establishes ________. A) the amount of compensation to be paid B) external equity C) the worth of the job to the organization D) how many tasks to be included in a job E) how to evaluate an employee

Which employee would be best suited to a challenging new assignment where they would receive rapid feedback?

Joe ---- Joe's need for achievement (nAch) stimulates a drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed. Joe would enjoy a challenging assignment with a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback

to make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everywhere else, organizations can.......

Make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations provide assistance technology provide employees with training to address incorrect stereotypes.

What is a thinking personality type?

Make decisions objectively Appear cool, reserved Are most convinced by rational arguments Are honest, direct Value honesty, fairness Take few things personally Tend to see flaws Are motivated by achievement Argue or debate issues for fun

Which internal recruitment method is a policy to fill openings for positions that are above entry level with existing employees?

Promotion from within

What would be the predicted result of overpaying a piece-rate worker, according to equity theory?

Quality will increase ---- When a person sees himself as overrewarded, it creates guilt. In order to reinstate a sense of equity, according to equity theory, the worker will change his inputs (exert more if overpaid). He will increase the quantity or the quality of the work

______is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment.

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

Racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace

external recruiting

Refer to Domino's. Robert Chabot relies heavily on employee referrals to first identify good job applicants. In other words, Chabot uses ____.

Which employee would probably be best to leave in charge while you are on vacation?

Sarah ---- The best managers are high in their need for power and low in their need for affiliation. Sarah scored high in both categories.

Diane wants her students to actively participate more in class. She has decided to use reinforcement theory to get the results she wants. Which of the following methods is she most likely to use?

She is going to place a tally mark beside a student's name each time they contribute ---- Diane is most likely going to use operant conditioning in which she places a tally mark beside the participating students' names. With this practice she is motivating the students because she is conditioning them to expect a reward (earning class credit) each time they demonstrate a specific behavior (speaking up in class).

Which of the following is a behavior that would most likely be exhibited by a Theory X manager?

She strictly controls the details of any project she is managing ----Maslow believed that under Theory X, managers believe employees inherently dislike work and must therefore be directed or even coerced into performing it. A manager would not trust her employees and would feel inclined to control all aspects of their work

_____ can be best defined as the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices if doing so helps teams meet their stretch goals.

Structural accommodation

T or F Reasonable accommodations for disabled worked include assistive technology.

T or F The primary benefit of the discrimination and fairness paradigm is that it generally brings about fairer treatment of employees and increases demographic diversity.

True or False Affirmative action is required by law for all private employers, while diversity is voluntary.

True or False Affirmative action is purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women. It is required by law for private employers with 15 or more employees.

True or False The fastest-growing racial group in the United States is Hispanics.

True or False The glass ceiling is the so-called invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations.

The relationship of a target to its background influences our perception of that target.

TRUE Explanation: Because we don't look at targets in isolation, the relationship of a target to its background also influences perception, as does our tendency to group close things and similar things together.

Profit-sharing programs may be direct cash outlays or allocations of stock options

TRUE ---- A profit-sharing plan is an organization-wide program that distributes compensation based on some established formula designed around a company's profitability. Compensation can be direct cash outlays or, particularly for top managers, allocations of stock options.

According to Maslow, a need that is essentially satisfied no longer motivates

TRUE ---- According to Maslow, although no need is ever fully gratified, a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates

The scheduling options of flex time, job sharing, and telecommuting are all approaches to make the workplace environment more motivating

TRUE ---- Beyond redesigning work itself and including employees in decisions, another approach to motivation is to alter work arrangements with flex time, job sharing, or telecommuting.

Employee involvement programs could provide employees with intrinsic motivation by increasing opportunities for growth and responsibility

TRUE ---- Employee involvement programs clearly have the potential to increase employee intrinsic motivation in work tasks.

Equity theory proposes that equity tension is the negative tension state which provides the motivation to do something to correct it

TRUE ---- Equity theory is a theory that says that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. When we see the ratio as unequal, we experience equity tension

Flexible spending plans allow employees to set aside up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for particular services

TRUE ---- Flexible spending plans allow employees to set aside pretax dollars up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for particular benefits, such as health care and dental premiums.

Individuals with a high need to achieve prefer job situations with personal responsibility, feedback, and an intermediate degree of risk

TRUE ---- When jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are strongly motivated.

Which of the following is not true about our perceptions of a target?

Targets are usually looked at in isolation. ---Explanation: Characteristics of the target we observe can affect what we perceive. Targets are not perceived in isolation/ The relationship of a target to its background influences perception, as does our tendency to group close things and similar things together.

glass ceiling

The ______ is a barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in an organization

Tony loves programming. He was on the ground level of the computer revolution. This year his boss has set personal goals for each of the programmers, one of which includes a presentation from each programmer about a project. Tony is very annoyed because he has a tremendous amount of work to do and he'll have to spend the weekend, his personal time, preparing the presentation. Taking into account self-determination theory, why did his boss' goals and the presentation reduce Tony's motivation?

The externally imposed goal feels coercive, causing Tony's intrinsic motivation to suffer ---- Working to an externally imposed goal feels coercive, and Tony's intrinsic motivation suffers. He is less interested in the task and might reduce his effort.

The global research on telecommuting found that A) telecommuting is more common in the US than in Europe. B) across the globe, employers are more interested in telecommuting than employees. C) of the EU countries, Portugal has the highest rate of telecommuting. D) telecommuting simply works better in the US than in other countries.

false

False

Employee turnover

The loss of employees who choose to leave the company.

Explain the basic principles and practices that can be used to manage diversity.

Unlike the other paradigms that focus on surface-level differences, the learning and effectiveness paradigm values common ground, distinguishes between individual and group differences, minimizes conflict and divisiveness, and focuses on bringing different talents and perspectives together.Follow and enforce federal and state laws regarding equal employment opportunity. Treat group differences as important but not special. Find the common ground. Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups. Solicit negative as well as positive feedback. Set high but realistic goals.

What is the distinct characteristic common to all participative management programs? A) joint decision making B) autonomy C) empowerment D) productivity enhancement E) quality awareness

What term is used for a participative process that uses the entire capacity of employees and is designed to encourage increased commitment to the organization's success? A) MBO B) employee involvement C) reengineering D) OB Mod E) job sharing

surface-level diversity

When Suzanne Pogell wanted to learn to sail, she could find no one to teach her because men were the ones who sailed, and women were their crew. After mastering sailing, Suzanne started an all-woman sailing school called Womanship as a sole proprietorship. The male sailors who would not teach her were exhibiting ____.

Which benefit plan can increase employee take-home pay? A)modular plans B) core-plus plans C) flexible spending plans D) ESOPs E) employee recognition plans

Which is not cited as a drawback to job rotation? A) Training costs are increased. B) Productivity is reduced. C) Disruption is created. D) Jobs are eliminated. E) Supervisors spend more time answering questions.

conscientiousness

Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations?

Which of the following are all forms of variable-pay programs? A) piece-rate, merit-based pay, gainsharing B) profit sharing, lump-sum bonuses, extended vacations C) wage incentive plans, flextime, piece-rate D) retirement benefits, extended vacations, wage incentive plans E) wage rate increases, bonuses, flextime

work sample tests

Which of the following is a direct (rather than indirect) measure of job applicants' capability to do the job?

Which of the following is a form of recognition? A) personal congratulations B) job enlargement C) job sharing D) flexible benefit packages E) profit sharing

Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting? A) an attorney who spends most of her time researching on the computer B) a writer of copy for an advertising firm C) a car salesman who demonstrates the features of a new model of car D) a telemarketer who uses the phone to contact clients E) a product support specialist who fields calls from irate customers

a.Treat group differences as important, but not special. b.All of these are examples of diversity principles. c.Set high but realistic goals. d.Find the common ground. e.Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups.

Which of the following is an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity programs?

Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan? A) time and a half for overtime B) $2 for each unit produced C) productivity bonus D) commission E) $10 per hour worked

Which of the following is cited as a limitation of merit pay plans? A) Being based on an annual performance appraisal, the merit pay is as valid (or invalid) as the performance ratings on which it is based. B) The pay raise pool seldom fluctuates. C) Unions encourage merit pay plans. D) Employees tend to like merit pay plans. E) There is little link between pay and performance.

Which of the following is not a downside of skill-based pay? A) People can "top out." B) Skills can become obsolete. C) Ambitious people can confront minimal advancement opportunities. D) People are paid for acquiring skills for which there is no immediate need. E) It doesn't address the level of performance.

Which of the following is not one of the most widely used variable-pay programs? A) piece-rate wages B) merit-based pay C) base pay D) employee stock ownership E) profit-sharing plans

Which of the following is one advantage of variable pay plans to management? A) They turn fixed labor costs into variable labor costs. B) They turn low producers into high producers. C) They turn slow employees into fast employees. D) They turn high fixed costs into low fixed costs. E) They turn lower performance into fewer employees.

salesperson

Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has high degree of extraversion?

racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace

The Internet allows companies to quickly reach large numbers of people

Which of the following statements about Internet recruiting is true?

Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive.

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

Employee-related laws apply to job application forms and résumés.

Which of the following statements about résumés and job application forms is true?

Sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex.

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true?

all of these

Which of the following types of information would typically be collected as part of a job analysis?

Your supervisor has heard that employee involvement is important and you have been instructed to research various methods of employee involvement. You are supposed to help assist in the analysis of the probable effects of each of the programs being considered. You have decided to let employees select a small group to represent them and work with management. This is termed ________. A) representative participation B) an ESOP C) quality circles D) participative management E) an AESOP

Your workforce is diverse in terms of their needs for benefits. Jim is married with two children and his wife is at home full time. Janet is single and supports her widowed mother. Bob is married and his wife has a high-paying job You decide that you want to devise a benefits program that is tailored to their individual needs. What sort of plan would provide pre-designed packages of benefits, put together to meet the needs of a specific group of employees? A) flexible spending B) core-plus C) cafeteria D) modular E) customized

Your workforce is diverse in terms of their needs for benefits. Jim is married with two children and his wife is at home full time. Janet is single and supports her widowed mother. Bob is married and his wife has a high-paying job You decide that you want to devise a benefits program that is tailored to their individual needs. You should expect that a flexible benefits program will be all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) less expensive B) consistent with expectancy theory C) more responsive to individual needs D) motivational E) accommodate employee differences

job specification

Zachary Schneider saw a sign in the window of an Amy's Ice Creams franchise operation. The sign said the company was looking for new employees. When he went in to ask for a job application, he was given a paper bag and told to do "something creative with it." The test was to see whether the job applicant was suited to carrying out the chain's mission: "To make people's day." This type of pre-employment assessment is not unusual. Gourmet grocery chain Central Market uses a four-page application form which includes essay questions such as "Tell us about your favorite food experience." If it seems an applicant is a good match for the company, he or she is asked to make a statement about himself or herself using items found in the grocery store and to participate with other applicants in a roundtable discussion. Refer to Trends in Hiring Practices. The need for creative skills in order to work at Amy's would be listed as a ____ that the company's HR department would have developed for franchisees.

A__________ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information of the important work-related aspects of a job. a. job analysis b. task evaluation c. job specification d. job validation e. job description

Which of the following is a legal problem employers may encounter in seeking, providing, or using employment references as part of the selection process? a. defamation lawsuits b. adverse impact lawsuits c. product liability lawsuits d. accusations of disparate discrimination e. accusations of reciprocity

Which of the following is a job that does not lend itself to telecommuting?

a car salesman who demonstrates the features of a new model of car ---- Three categories of jobs are candidates for telecommuting: routine information-handling tasks, mobile activities, and professional and other knowledge-related tasks. Writers, attorneys, analysts, and employees who spend the majority of their time on computers or the telephone,(such as telemarketers, customer-service representatives, reservation agents, and product support specialists), are natural candidates. A car salesman is not a candidate

focus

a company uses either cost leadership or differentiation to produce a specialized product or service for a limited, specially targeted group of customers in a particular geographic region or market segment.

Human resource information system

a computerized system for gathering, analyzing, storing and disseminating info related to the HRM process

quid pro qup sexual harassment

a form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes, such as hiring, promotion or simply keeping ones job, depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment

Individuals with a high need to achieve prefer all of the following except

a high degree of risk ----High achievers perform best when they perceive their probability of success. They dislike gambling with high odds because they get no achievement satisfaction from success that comes by pure chance. They would not like a high degree of risk.

360 degree feedback

a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers and the employee themselves.

360 degree feedback

a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and coworkers and the employees themselves

Job posting

a procedure for advertising job openings within the company to existing employees.

cross functional

a team composed of employees from different functional crease of the organization

self managing teams

a team that manages and controls all of the major tasks of producing a product or service.

stakeholders

a theory of corporate responsibility that holds that management most important responsibility, long-term survival, is achieved by satisfying the interest of multiple corporate stakeholders.

Organizational plurality

a work environment where (1) all members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves, and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group

organizational plurality

a work environment where 1) all members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers and themselves 2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a group

job description

a written description of the basic tasks, duties, and responsibilities required of an employee holding a particular job

a. Acculturation b. Cultural proaction c. Cultural advantage d. Diversity- CORRECT e. Affirmative differentiation

a. diversity audit- CORRECT b. diversity comparison c. individual SWOT analysis d. stereotypical audit e. employee-oriented attitudinal review

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____.

a. diversity requires a wider span of management b. affirmative action does not alter organizational structures, and diversity does c. affirmative action is legally mandated in all private companies d. diversity has a broader focus- CORRECT e. diversity is legally mandated in all private companies

a. diversity; self-monitoring b. affirmative action; self-monitoring c. diversity; affirmative action d. affirmative action; diversity- CORRECT e. federal agency monitoring; self-monitoring

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?

a. emotional stability b. conscientiousness c. agreeableness d. extraversion e. empathy- CORRECT

Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations?

a. emotional stability b. openness to experience c. agreeableness d. extraversion e. conscientiousness- CORRECT

Two of the most important results of a job analysis are _____. a. job descriptions and job specifications b. recruiting guidelines and selection boundaries c. rater training and selection validation d. employee-needs assessment and performance appraisal evaluation e. employee-needs assessment and job mapping

a. job descriptions and job specifications

An individual's ____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.

a. personality b. motivation c. locus of control d. disposition- CORRECT e. attitude

a. positive affectivity b. deep-level diversity c. social integration d. organizational plurality- CORRECT e. social internalization

Manuwer's firm won a bid on a small programming project for $26,000. The client recently changed the project specifications, and when Manuwer explained that the new work could not be included in the price of the original bid because it involves completely changing the already written code, the client got angry and said, "I'm only asking you to add one thing! You're charging me $30,000 and you can't do this one thing?" Manuwer's client is engaging in ________.

anchoring bias -- Explanation: Manuwer's client is fixating on the rounded up number of the bid. The anchoring bias is a tendency to fixate on initial information and fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information. The client is not paying attention to the details of the work, but rather has anchored on the price. Research suggests that people think of adjustment after an anchor is set, as rounding off a number. So Manuwer's contract of $26,000, has been rounded up to $30,000 in the client's perception.

Variables in employment interview: knowledge, skills, abilities, opportunities education, experience, interests, perceptions, nonverbal cues age, sex, race

applicant

The first selection device most job applicants encounter when they seek a job are ______.

application forms and resumes

Training Methods: System in which a worker entering the skilled trades is given thorough instruction and experience in the practical and theoretical aspects of the work

apprenticeship training

project team

are created to complete specific, one time projects or tasks within a limited time.

Behavioral questions

ask applicants what they did in previous jobs that were similar to the job for which they are applying ("In your previous jobs, tell me about . . ."). These questions are more appropriate for hiring experienced individuals

general motivator tools

ask people what their needs are satisfy lower-order needs first expect peoples need to change as needs change and lower-order needs are satisfied, create opportunities for employees to satisfy higher-order needs.

Jean-Marie has excellent keyboarding skills and enters data for a marketing research firm. Jean-Marie has a problem that his eyes get irritated when he looks at the monitor for long. In order to perform his job, Jean-Marie needs a computer monitor that does not irritate his eyes when he works longer. Providing the monitor to facilitate Jean-Marie's job performance is an example of _____ chp12

assistive technology

The world's biggest manufacturer of locks is part of a national program in which employers are encouraging workers to continue working as long as they are physically able. To help its aging workers, the lock maker has provided them with magnifying lenses that give them the vision acuity they need to work on the small parts within a lock. These lenses are an example of ____.

assistive technology

What is assumed similarity?

assuming that others are more like us than they actually are.

When individuals observe another person's behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. This phenomenon is most directly relevant to which of the following?

Nikhil is a design manager for a production company. He independently assigns teams, chooses projects, researches trends, and is able to work from home two to three days a week. He provides a status report to the design director once a month. Based on this description, it's safe to say that Nikhil's job is high in which job characteristic?

autonomy --- Explanation: Although Nikhil's job has many job characteristics, the description provided best describes autonomy and Nikhil's freedom and control over his job procedures and assignments.

What do we call the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that they can easily obtain?

availability bias --- Explanation: The availability bias explains a person's tendency to base judgments on information readily available. Events that evoke emotions, are particularly vivid, or are more recent tend to be more available in our memory, leading us to overestimate the chances of unlikely events such as an airplane crash.

Which of the following is not a way to increase creativity?

avoid risks and trying new things -- Explanation: Creativity is increased in an upbeat and fun environment. It allows opportunities to have fun and experiment. Spending extensive periods of time in other cultures generate more innovative solutions to problems. Avoiding risks and being afraid to experiment will curb creativity.

Despite the layoffs and plant closings that have eliminated thousands of jobs over the past two years, the Louisiana chemical industry faces a looming shortage of process operators and is hiring new ones as fast as it can. The average age of an effective plant operator is 50. A wave of retirements among these highly qualified and experienced operators in coming years will create openings for as many as 10,000 operators in the chemical industry. The retirement of the current operators in an example of ________. a. de-employment b. dysfunctional turnover c. reactive turnover d. regressive turnover e. a "brain leak"

The International Gay Rodeo Association (IGRA) began in 1976. By the end of the 1980s, gay rodeos were being held in more than a dozen states, and today there are 24 chapters that have raised millions for charity. But even the IGRA is not exempt from concern about discrimination. To avoid claims of ____________, straights are allowed to participate in all IGRA events. a. bona fide discrimination b. disparate treatment c. gender selectivity d. quid pro quo selectivity e. hostile impact

The ________ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates a. formalized b. structured c. semi-structured d. informal e. canned

Which of the following statements about employee turnover is true? a. For top management, dysfunctional turnover is preferable to functional turnover b. One of the best ways to discourage turnover is to link pay directly to performance c. Employee turnover is the loss of employees who involuntarily choose to leave a company d. Functional turnover requires outplacement centers e. Sales commissions and bonuses should not be used to decrease employee turnover

______ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related background information not provided by applicants. a. Integrity checks b. Background checks c. Recruitment evaluation procedures d. Biographical data assessments e. Validation tests

Which type of selection information would employers in the construction industry receive the greatest benefit from if their goal is to stop employee theft?

background checks

recommendations for the method's success: Translate the firm's strategy into a scorecard of clear objectives, Attach measures to each objective, Provide performance feedback based on measures, Empower employees to make performance improvements, Reassess the strategy

balanced scorecard

To improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers _____.

base performance appraisal feedback sessions on self-appraisals

incorporating the principles of learning: feedback and reinforcement Operates on the principle that behavior that is rewarded will be exhibited more frequently

behavior modification

Behavioral methods: Measures the frequency of observed behavior Preferred over BARS for: Maintaining objectivity, Distinguishing good performers from poor performers, Providing feedback Identifying training needs

behavior observation scale (BOS

Behavioral methods: Rater checks statements on a list that the rater believes are characteristic of the employee's behavior

behavioral checklist method

Types of interviews: Applicant is asked questions about what he or she actually did in a given situation

behavioral description interview (BDI)

Performance diagnosis: these measures are affected by both ability and motivation ("can do" and "will do") these tend to be less contaminated by environmental factors

behavioral measures

Behavioral methods: Consists of a series of vertical scales, one for each important dimension of job performance behavioral descriptions or critical incidents captured a scale of increasing complexity or difficulty

behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)

According to self-determination theory, if rewards and deadlines are to motivate a person, the person must

believe they control their behavior ----Extrinsic rewards such as verbal praise and feedback about competence can improve even intrinsic motivation, and deadlines and specific work standards can too, if people believe they are in control of their behavior. This is consistent with the central theme of self-determination theory: rewards and deadlines diminish motivation if people see them as coercive. The rewards cannot be viewed as bribes, and the deadlines cannot be perceived as coercive

Training methods: Use of multiple training methods to achieve optimal learning on the part of trainees

blended learning

What is the name for employees who sit on a company's board of directors and represent the interests of the firm's employees?

board representatives ---- Board representatives are employees who sit on a company's board of directors and represent the interests of the firm's employees. The influence of representative participation on working employees seems to be minimal

The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of ______.

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs)

A limitation on weight and height of individuals working in quality control at this company would be legal because it is an example of ___

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFQQs)

Video Arts Inc., a Chicago-based business training company, is currently marketing The Grapevine, a 30-minute training video designed to teach companies how to deal with and prevent damaging gossip. Which of the following is an example of a secondary stakeholder group for Video Arts?

business magazines that run ads for the training video

A sales manager has carefully selected the members of two sales teams so that they have as nearly as possible identical skills and abilities. Both are assigned potential customers in the same industry. Both groups are offered the same rewards. One team makes the sale, and the other does not. This information tells you that ______________. a. performance and motivation are unrelated b. the concept of synergy is faulty c. one of the components that leads to job performance was weak d. nothing motivates some people e. all of these are true

According to come industrial psychologists, ___________ is a function of motivation times ability times situational constraints. a. leadership skill b. creativity c. job performance d. performance valence e. compliance

One of the reasons items manufactured in Southeast Asia can be imported into the United States so cheaply is that workers are paid a small amount of money for each item produced. The manufacturers operating in Southeast Asia use what type of pay plan? a. real-time pay b. compressed pay c. piecework d. batch processing e. commission

The term _________ refers to both the financial and non financial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work a. wages b. value-added c. compensation d. salaries e. fees

The three components of ___________ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort. a. compliance b. self-management c. motivation d. performance e. efficiency

Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable (ie legal) for employers to ask applicants during the selection process? a. Are you a United States citizen? b. Have you ever filed a lawsuit against an employer? c. Have you ever been convicted of a crime? d. Do you smoke or use tobacco products? e. none of these

Which of the following statements about 360-degree feedback is true? a. 360-degree feedback is most effective when used to train performance raters b. A 360-degree feedback provides feedback from peer workers only c. With the 360-degree feedback approach, feedback comes from four sources d. Employees do not provide feedback about their own efforts in the 360-degree feedback approach e. 360-degree feedback should not be used for developmental purposes

A _____ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and co-workers, as well as the employees themselves.

c. 360-degree feedback

_____ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related information not provided by applicants.

c. Background checks

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs? a. Work sample tests b. Personality tests c. Cognitive ability tests d. Achievement tests e. Specific ability tests

c. Cognitive ability tests

Which of the following statements about employee separation is true? a. Dysfunctional turnover gives an organization a chance to replace poor performers with better workers. b. Downsizing and dysfunctional terminations are not considered as employee separation. c. Functional turnover is the loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave the organization. d. Poor performers are usually likely to stay when paid large, guaranteed monthly salaries and small sales commissions and bonuses. e. Employee separations can be only voluntary.

c. Functional turnover is the loss of poor-performing employees who choose to leave the organization.

Which of the following methods of training should be used when the objective of training is practicing, learning, or changing behaviors? a. Films and videos b. Lectures c. Role-playing d. Group discussions e. Case studies

c. Role-playing

Those making the selection decision review all the data on the applicants Decision is made on the basis of applicant's understanding of the job and his/her previous success in that job Varies according to the evaluator most commonly used approach EX: sees different individuals arriving at different decisions EX: reviews all data, including interview answers, on the applicants

clinical approach

According to the text, if an employer were to use only one type of selection test, ____ would be the one to use.

cognitive ability tests

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

cognitive ability tests

Which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance

cognitive conflict

_______ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it.

cohesiveness

The term ____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.

compensation

Mariana has purchased her paper from Acme Paper Company for years. When she started her business they offered the best paper for the lowest price, and they delivered it to her office with friendly service. Recently Mariana's office manager submitted a report on various prices for paper supply companies in the city. Mariana quickly skimmed the report and saw that Acme was in the same ball park price per ream, although a little more expensive than two of the companies, but they continued to deliver free of charge. Mariana decided to stay with Acme. Her decision was based on ________.

confirmation bias --- Explanation: Mariana noticed information in the report that reaffirmed her past choice of using Acme, and she discounted the information that contradicts them, or rather that they were a little more expensive and that over time she may save a considerable amount of money by switching. Mariana's decision was based on the confirmation of old information, or the confirmation bias.

Which of the following is NOT necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

conflict management teams

Self-determination theory proposes that not only do people seek autonomy, but also

connections to others ---- Self-determination theory also proposes that in addition to being driven by a need for autonomy, people seek ways to achieve competence and positive connections to others. People want to feel that they have a positive input in the work environment

Personality dimensions: the degree to which someone is dependable and organized and preserves in tasks

conscientiousness

The term _____ refers to the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, persevering, thorough, and achievement oriented.

conscientiousness

Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations?

conscientiousness

In terms of leadership behavior, the term ____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

consideration

In terms of leadership behavior, the term _____ refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.

consideration

Which of the following is not an ingredient common to all MBO programs?

consistent monetary rewards ---- Four ingredients are common to MBO programs: goal specificity, participation in decision making (including participation in the setting of goals or objectives), an explicit time period, and performance feedback

for punishment to work, the punishment must be strong enough to stop the undesired behavior and must be administered......

consistently, contingently, and quickly

deep-level diversity

consists of differences that are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors and are recognized only through extended interaction with others.

Determining validity of tests: Extent to which a selection tool measures a theoretical trait EX: scores on cognitive test and performance ratings of a new hire are strongly correlated at .62 accuracy

construct validity

The time at which an object or event is seen is an example of what type of factor influencing the perceptual process?

context --- Explanation: Context is important to perception. Context includes the time at which a perceiver sees an object or event, as well as location, light, heat, or any number of situational factors.

Andy works as a freelance journalist at a local newspaper. He is paid $10 for every article he writes for the newspaper. In terms of reinforcement theory, this is a _____ reinforcement schedule.

continuous

One of the shortcuts used to judge others involves evaluating a person based on how he/she compares to other individuals on the same characteristic. What is this shortcut called?

contrast effects -- Explanation: Contrast effect is the evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. The high score in the interview may be attributed to this effect.

Your rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was interviewed directly before you, who was rated extremely low. Your own high rating might be partially attributed to which of the following?

contrast effects --- Explanation: Contrast effect is the evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. The high score in the interview may be attributed to this effect.

Evaluation is biased upward or downward because of comparison with another employee just previously evaluated

contrast error

benefits of diversity

cost savings attracting retaining talent driving business growth

Initial screening methods: Assesses the applicants based on the skills, abilities, education, and experience outlined in the job description

cover letters and resumes

Establishing performance standards: elements that affect the appraisal measures that are not part of the actual performance performance measures performance capability is not reduced by external factors EX: During the performance evaluations of his two employees, Tom Jones, a manager, ignored the fact that one of the employees had a newer machine than the other employee

criterion contamination

Establishing performance standards: aspects of actual performance that are not measured actual performance standards capture all of an individual's contributions EX: During performance evaluation of his sales staff, a manager decided to focus only on sales revenue while ignoring other important but less quantifiable performance dimensions, such as customer service

criterion deficiency

Additional training and development programs: Process of training employees to do multiple jobs within an organization Advantages: Gives firms flexible capacity and Keeps workers interested and motivated

cross training

You should expect to earn more if you

cross-train in other jobs ---- Skill-based pay is an alternative to job-based pay that bases pay levels on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do. If you cross-train in other jobs you will acquire more skills and by doing so raise your pay

Types of performance evaluations: Conducted by a firm's external and internal customers

customer evaluations

Statistical approach: Point in the distribution of scores above which a person should be considered and below which the person should be rejected

cutoff

According to the text, ______ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal. a. attitude b. self-management c. persistence d. motivation e. compliance

Asa and Ruby both sell insurance. Asa is married, has three children, and a new house. Ruby is single and has recently purchased a new Lexus. According to come industrial psychologists _________. a. they will be motivated by the same needs b. Asa can be motivated through need, and Ruby cannot c. Ruby has no needs d. how well their employer motivates them relates directly to their individual needs e. none of these is true

d. work sample

When a German pharmaceuticals company decided to implement a diversity training program, its human resources managers did a research and discovered that Americans typically reach decisions very quickly. One German manager described them as "hip shooters." This discovery had to do with _____.

deep-level diversity

The social responsiveness strategy that could be considered essentially a public relations approach is the ____ strategy.

defensive

What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?

defining the problem --- Explanation: The rational decision-making model follows a six-step process. The steps are: 1) Define the problem; 2) Identify the decision criteria; 3) Allocate weights to the criteria; 4) Develop the alternatives; 5) Evaluate the alternatives; 6) Select the best alternative.

4 phases in chief learning officer: objectives, trainee readiness, principles of learning Issues to be focused on: Training's instructional objectives, Readiness of trainees and their motivation, Principles of learning, Characteristics of instructors

design

Surface-level diversity

differences such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure

deep-level diversity

differences such as personality and attitudes that are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors and are learned only through extended interaction with others.

According to the goal-setting theory of motivation, highest performance is reached when goals are set to which level?

difficult but attainable ---- If factors such as acceptance of the goals are held constant, the more difficult the goal, the higher the level of performance. Once a hard task is accepted the employee will exert a high level of effort to try to achieve it.

Which of the following is the principal drawback from job sharing?

difficulty in finding compatible partners ---- The major drawback from management's perspective is finding compatible pairs of employees who can successfully coordinate the intricacies of one job.

Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' performances than their job satisfaction. From this information, what type of leadership style is being used?

directive

Under the leadership of Michael Eisner, The Walt Disney Company developed an "executive-centric, Eisner-centric culture"—whatever Eisner wanted to happen, he made happen. In terms of the path-goal theory, Eisner used a(n) ____ leadership style to improve Disney's profitability.

directive

According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations.

directive leadership

C type

disagreement that focuses on problem issue related differences of opinion.

Refer to Wal-Mart. The addition of the corporate compliance department reflects the implementation of a(n) ____.

discrimination and fairness paradigm

The primary benefit of the ____ paradigm is that it generally brings about fairer treatment of employees and increases demographic diversity.

discrimination and fairness paradigm

Darlene Jespersen used to work in a sports bar. She was an outstanding employee, but she did not wear makeup because she felt it "took away her credibility" and interfered with her ability to be an effective bartender, which sometimes required her to deal with unruly, intoxicated guests. This changed when the sports bar implemented a "beverage department image transformation" program. Female employees were told they would be fired if they did not wear makeup. Since male employees did not have to wear makeup, Darlene contended it. This is an example of _____.

disparate treatment

incorporating the principles of learning: Spacing out training will result in faster learning and longer retention

distributed learning (massed vs distributed learning)

Equity theory historically focused on ________ justice

distributive ---- Recent research has expanded the meaning of equity. Historically, equity theory focused on distributive justice, the employee's perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals. Equity can also be considered from the standpoint of organizational justice, a larger perception of what is fair in the workplace

_____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.

diversity

______ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there

diversity

A(n) is a formal assessment that measures employee and management attitudes, investigates the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and reviews companies' diversity-related policies and procedures.

diversity audit

which of the following statements explains why diversity makes good business sense

diversity helps companies attract and retain talented employees

Avoid asking questions related to race, color, age, religion, sex, or national origin Questions are acceptable if job-related, and do not discriminate against a protected class Consult EEOC and FEP information when constructing guidelines for interviewers

diversity management

Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring?

diversity pairing

Additional training and development programs: was designed in response to: Increase in globalization, Awareness of the varied, demographics of the workforce, Challenges of affirmative action, Dynamics of stereotyping, Changing values of the workforce, Potential competitive payoffs from bringing different people together for a common purpose

diversity training

When hiring employees for her spa and relaxation center, Hope Kharzov wants to hire people with strong empathy, a willingness to listen to others, and trustworthiness. What kind of selection tests would most likely reveal if a job applicant had these characteristics? a. biodata b. skills ability tests c. cognitive ability tests d. work sample tests e. personality tests

Which of the following is a direct (rather than indirect) measure of job applicants' capability to do the job? a. creativity tests b. cognitive ability tests c. personality tests d. achievement tests e. work sample tests

Which of the following types of information would typically be collected as part of a job analysis? a. work activities b. tools and equipment used c. knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to do the job d. job context e. all of these

_____ are procedures used to verify the truthfulness and accuracy of information that applicants provide about themselves and to uncover negative, job-related information not provided by applicants. a. Recruitment evaluation procedures b. Validation tests c. Biographical data assessments d. Integrity checks e. Background checks

e. Background checks

_____ can be best defined as the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force.

e. Human resource management

The primary advantage of a structured interview is its ability to: a. directly predict job performance. b. act as a substitute for biodata. c. reveal all background information. d. offer variety during the interview for each applicant. e. compare applicants more easily.

e. compare applicants more easily.

Before beginning to recruit job applicants, organizations must _____. a. promote the existing employees b. advertise for job candidates c. introduce new product lines d. organize internal job posting e. conduct a job analysis

e. conduct a job analysis

e. hostile work environment

Bernd Pischetsrieder, chief executive of Volkswagen, announced restructuring plans for the company. VW is Europe's largest carmaker and needed to make itself profitable once again. To do so, VW cut thousands of jobs in the ensuing years through natural attrition, early retirement, and buying workers out of their contracts. The carmaker also considered whether its component parts factories in Brunswick, Kassel, and Wolfsburg were helping VW accomplish its organizational goal. Pischetsrieder blamed much of the company's problems on restructuring that was done in 1993. He insisted that the company is missing a whole generation of managers because its former CEO eliminated a whole layer of management. Now, 45 percent of managers were expected to go into retirement in the following three or four years. Refer to Volkswagen. VW is examining the ____ of its component parts factories.

effectiveness

If an employee believes that no matter how hard he works, his boss will give him the same performance evaluation as last year and the year before, it is the ________ relationship that explains his lack of motivation.

effort-performance -- The effort-performance relationship is the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance. If an employee expects to get a poor appraisal, regardless of his level of effort, his source of low motivation is the belief that, no matter how hard he works, the likelihood of getting a good performance appraisal is low

Helen is an office worker who processes health insurance forms. She has worked at her present job for three years. Initially she was criticized by her supervisor for sloppy work, but in the months after that improved considerably. Now she consistently processes her forms without errors and above quota. However, she has found her supervisor has not responded to the extra effort she puts in, giving her no praise and no financial reward. Helen will most likely perceive that there is a problem in which of the following relationships?

effort-performance ---- The effort-performance relationship is the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance. Helen expects to get a poor appraisal, regardless of her level of effort. Her new source of low motivation is the belief that, no matter how hard she works, the likelihood of getting a good performance appraisal is low

When people perceive an imbalance in their outcome-input ratio relative to others

equity tension is created ---- : If a person sees the outcome-input ratio as unequal, they experience equity tension. If they see themselves as underrewarded, the tension creates anger; if they see themselves as overrewarded, it creates guilt

Trait methods: Requires the rater to compose a statement describing employee behavior

essay method

recommendations for minimizing the occurrences of affecting conflict and having a good fight.

establish common goals work with more, rather than less information maintain a balance of power inject humor into the workplace

Additional training and development programs: came up due to violations such as: Harassment Health and safety Wage-and-hour violations

ethics training

The glass ceiling is most closely associated with _____.

ethnic, racial, and gender discrimination

the glass ceiling is most closely associated with _____

ethnic, racial, and gender discrimination

Taken by the managers or supervisors who communicate to the applicant through the HR department Internal candidates are informed about the recruitment by the hiring managers Rejected candidates are to be notified about the decision by the organization

final decision

Mike Walker supervises operations on the chassis assembly line for a large vehicle manufacturer. Most of his time is spent in quality control maintenance, scheduling workers, and training new employees. Walker would be categorized as a:

first-line manager

flex time ---- With flex time, employees can schedule their work hours to align with personal demands, reducing tardiness and absences, and they can work when they are most productive

Today, what are offered by almost all U.S. corporations and are becoming the norm in other countries?

flexible benefits --- Today, almost all major corporations in the United States offer flexible benefits. And they're becoming the norm in other countries, too. In Canada 93 percent of 136 firms have adopted or will adopt flexible benefits. And similar survey results are found in the United Kingdom.

The access and legitimacy paradigm

focuses on the acceptance and celebration of differences to ensure that the diversity within the company matches the diversity found among primary stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, and local communities

discrimination and fairness paradigm

focusses on assimilation (having a demographically representative work force)

Distributional errors: Raters are required to place a percentage of employees into various performance categories

forced distribution

Trait methods: Requires the rater to choose from statements designed to distinguish between successful and unsuccessful performance

forced-choice method

Which one of the following is not one of the guidelines for enriching jobs based on the job characteristics model?

form telecommuting units ---- The guidelines based on the job characteristics model are: combining tasks, forming natural work units, establishing client relationships, expanding jobs vertically, and opening feedback channels. Forming telecommuniting units is not a part of the job enrichment guidelines.

diversity audits

formal assessment that measure employee and management attitudes, investigate the extent to which people are advantages or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and review companies diversity related policies and procedures

What term is used for the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?

fundamental attribution error --- Explanation: Errors and biases distort attributions. When a person makes judgments about the behavior of other people, he tends to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors. This is called fundamental attribution error.

Your boss never gives you the benefit of the doubt. When you arrived late from lunch, he assumed that you had simply taken too much time. He never considered that the elevators were out and you had to walk up 10 flights of stairs. Your boss is guilty of ________.

fundamental attribution error --- Explanation: Your boss has underestimated the influence of external factors and overestimated the influence of internal or personal factors. He is sure that your late arrival is caused by your own efforts, or lack thereof. This is called fundamental attribution error.

To get the best results when using reinforcement theory, rewards should be

given immediately follow the desired behavior ---- People will engage in desired behaviors if they are positively reinforced for doing so. Rewards are most effective if they immediately follow the desired response, and behavior that is not rewarded, or is punished, is less likely to be repeated.

David has the opinion that people who drive SUVs are dangerous drivers. He often perceives that people driving SUVs are doing so in a dangerous manner, even when other observers can see nothing wrong with the behavior of the SUV drivers. What factor in David is affecting his perception in this case?

his expectations --- Explanation: David expects all SUV drivers to be dangerous. His expectations are what color his perception. The example doesn't explain why he expects this, although it could be from a previous bad experience.

The fastest-growing population group in the United States is ______.

hispanic-americans

improving the quality of problem solving

internal attribution

in which behavior is thought to be voluntary or under the control of the individual

Why can performance evaluations fail?

inadequate preparation of the part of the manager, employee is not given clear objectives at the beginning of performance period, inconsistent ratings among supervisors

what creates dissonance?

inconsistency between attitudes and between attitudes and behaviors.

External Recruiting Methods: Workers who are self-employed and do project work on a contract basis for different organizations free to work on multiple projects at the same time, do not receive benefits, companies do not pay social security, unemployment, or workers' compensation taxes when they hire them they must pay taxes themselves hiring them cuts employment-related costs

independent contractors

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage associated with the use of work teams?

initially high employee turnover

Which of the following is an example of an objective performance measure?

input/output measures

Information collected through needs assessment, can help state the desired outcomes of training through written items Desired outcomes of a training program Describe skills or knowledge to be acquired and attitudes to be changed Are performance centered are clear statements of what you intend the results of training or instruction to be

instructional objectives

disparate treatment

intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities bc of their race, color, sex, age, ethnic group, or religious beliefs

Advantages for what? Talent is already readily available, get up to speed faster, there is less uncertainty about how they will perform, you do not have to run advertisements to find them support for a culture of employee engagement, increased employee morale, lower orientation and training costs

internal recruiting

Initial screening methods: are checked before inviting applicants for face-to-face interviews

internet checks and phone screening

The managers of a company decided to lay off about twenty percent of their employees to cope with the financial loss they incurred over the year. This is an example of a(n) _____.

involuntary separation

Hierarchical pay structures

involve big differences from one pay level to another. The highest pay levels are for people near the top of the pay distribution.

Researchers today believe that intuition can be helpful in decision making because it ________.

is a developed form of reasoning that is based on years of experience and learning --- Explanation: For most of the twentieth century, experts believed decision makers' use of intuition was irrational or ineffective. That's no longer the case. Intuition can improve decision making because it is a highly complex and highly developed form of reasoning that is based on years of experience and learning.

Job analysis

is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job

The learning and effectiveness paradigm

is consistent with achieving organizational plurality.

Awareness training

is designed to raise employees' awareness of diversity issues, such as the big 5 personality dimensions discussed in this chapter, and to get employees to challenge underlying assumptions or stereotypes they may have about others.

Conscientiousness

is the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented.

Technology

is the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs to outputs

Discontinuous Change

is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition

Adverse impact

is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group.

Two of the most important results of a job analysis are ____.

job descriptions and job specifications

Two of the most important results of a job analysis are _____.

job descriptions and job specifications

Janice and Shunil are both senior software analysts. They have worked together on projects for six years and get along great. Janice is pregnant and anticipating the arrival of her first child. Shunil would like to experiment with opening his own business as a home media installation consultant. They both need some income. Which of the following alternative job structures would be best for Janice and Shunil?

job sharing ---- Because Janice and Shunil are looking for fewer required work hours, the best option for them would be to participate in job sharing, which allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-hour-a-week job. The other structure options are still 40 hour a week commitments.

Trends in Hiring Practices Zachary Schneider saw a sign in the window of an Amy's Ice Creams franchise operation. The sign said the company was looking for new employees. When he went in to ask for a job application, he was given a paper bag and told to do "something creative with it." The test was to see whether the job applicant was suited to carrying out the chain's mission: "To make people's day." This type of pre-employment assessment is not unusual. Gourmet grocery chain Central Market uses a four-page application form which includes essay questions such as "Tell us about your favorite food experience." If it seems an applicant is a good match for the company, he or she is asked to make a statement about himself or herself using items found in the grocery store and to participate with other applicants in a roundtable discussion. Refer to Trends in Hiring Practices. The need for creative skills in order to work at Amy's would be listed as a ____ that the company's HR department would have developed for franchisees.

job specification

Training Methods: e-learning Delivered to trainees when and where they need it to do their jobs, via computer or the Internet

just in time training

Which of the following is not a process involved when determining how a model, such as a parent, influences social-learning?

justification processes ---- Four processes determine a model's influence on an individual: 1. Attentional processes in which people learn from a model only when they recognize and pay attention to its critical features; 2. Retention processes in which a model's influence depends on how well the individual remembers the model's action after the model is no longer readily available; 3. Motor reproduction processes in which, after a person has seen a new behavior by observing the model, he must reproduce the behavior alone; 4. Reinforcement processes in which individuals are motivated to exhibit the modeled behavior if positive incentives or rewards are provided

quantitive

kind of facility being build, trade barriers, exchange rates, and transportation and labor costs.

Characteristics of successful instructors:

knowledge of subject, enthusiasm, sincerity, interest in trainees, sense of humor, ability to communicate clearly, willingness to provide individual assistance

External Recruiting Methods: are principal source of applicants for blue collar and some professional jobs

labor unions

In what sort of companies is gainsharing most popular?

large manufacturing companies ---- Gainsharing's popularity seems narrowly focused among large manufacturing companies such as Champion Spark Plug and Mead Paper.

As the human resources manager for Spring Engineering and Manufacturing Corp. in Canton, Michigan, Kim Radeback had to find inexpensive ways to reward high performing employees and bolster morale during a sales-flattening economic downturn. Radeback had to engage in which management function?

leading

Robert Rothschild Farm boosted morale and showed its gratitude to its 75 employees at its retail store by hosting its first employee appreciation week. It used the management function of ____ to boost morale.

leading

Distributional errors: Appraiser gives employees either unusually high or unusually low ratings

leniency or strictness error

Randy always turns in reports with punctuation errors. The reports of the three other employees on the QA report writing team always produce grammatically clean reports. Randy is about to turn in another report, and his manager has already noticed errors. Randy demonstrates ________. His sloppy reports can be attributed to an ________ cause.

low distinctiveness, low consensus, and high consistency; internal--- Explanation: Randy's behavior is not different from previous behavior, demonstrating low distinctiveness. His reports are different from the other reports of the team, showing low consensus. His next report is the same as his previous work, showing high consistency of poor work quality. Therefore, Randy's poor work could be perceived as coming from an internal cause, probably his own carelessness and lack of conscientious work ethic.

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.

make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations

Shortcuts in judging people are applied in organizations. Which of the following is not an application of a judgement shortcut?

market evaluations --- Explanation: Employment interviews, performance expectations (high and low), and performance evaluations, are all applications of shortcuts in judging people in an organization.

cost leadership

means producing a product or service of acceptable quality at continently lower producing costs than competition so that the firm can offer the product or service at the lower price in the industry.

Training

means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance

objective performance measures

measure the job performance that are easily and directly counted or quantified

Objective performance measures

measures that are easily and directly counted or quantified -include output, scrap, waste, sales

Types of tests: ensure the healthy of an applicant is adequate to meet the job requirements ONLY may be required after a conditional job offer is made

medical examinations

Incorporating principles of learning: Increases quality of behavioral training

modeling

What sort of plan would provide pre-designed packages of benefits, put together to meet the needs of a specific group of employees?

modular ---- Modular plans are predesigned packages or modules of benefits, each of which meets the needs of a specific group of employees. A module design for Jim would include optional benefits that would include options that he could purchase for his family

Deanna just got a job after four years of working part time to raise her children. The whole family has been covered under her husband's excellent and affordable benefits package up until now. The family plan is more expensive with her new company, but 100% of her benefits are part of her new salary. Which of the following benefits plans is Deanna most likely to choose?

modular core plan ---- : A modular core plan designed for single employees with no dependents that includes only essential benefits that are entirely paid for by the company, would be the best solution for Deanna. Her husband and children could continue under his package

Corina works full time for a pharmaceutical company, but her husband is a freelance writer who works from home and helps care for their baby daughter. Which of the following benefits plans is Corina most likely to choose?

modular core-plus plan ---- Core-plus plans consist of a core of essential benefits and a menulike selection of others from which employees can select. In this case Corina would select additional insurance for her husband and daughter

Which of the following is something you would not expect your supervisor to do?

monitor your work closely for an opportunity to praise you for work well done ---- Your boss demonstrates a belief in Theory Y in which managers assume employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play, and therefore the average person can learn to accept, and even seek, responsibility. In this example the boss believes that the employee views the actual work as something extremely positive, not just a means to a secure life. He would allow them to take responsibility, and he would not micro-manage their work.

Which of the following is not a typical option in a flexible benefit program?

mortgage relief ---- Standard plans usually include life insurance, disability insurance, expanded health coverage, and flexible spending accounts, which allow employees to set aside pretax dollars up to the dollar amount offered in the plan to pay for particular benefits, such as health care and dental premiums.

tend to perform less effectively compared to younger workers are more likely to quit, be late, or be absent than younger workers typically demonstrate poor judgement care less about the quality of their output than younger workers -are accurately described by none of these-

older workers____.

Training Methods: Method by which employees are given hands-on experience with instructions from their supervisor or other trainer most common method used for training nonmanagerial employees

on-the-job training (OJT)

Additional training and development programs: Process of systematically socializing new employees to help them get on board with an organization

onboarding

she was not looking to change jobs, she saw a posting on LinkedIn and is now considering taking a new job at Google for its superb health benefits and early retirement opportunity is someone who is being considered for a position but is not actively searching for a job sought out by recruiters people who are not looking for jobs but could be persuaded to take new ones given the right opportunity

passive job seeker

hierarchy of needs

people are motivated by physiological (food, water) safety (physical and economic) belongingness (friendship, love, social interaction) esteem (achievement and recognition) self actualization (realizing your potential needs)

Diversity pairing

people of different cultural backgrounds, sexes, or races/ethnicities are paired for mentoring. The hope is that stereotypical beliefs and attitudes will change as people get to know each other as individuals.

what causes communication problmes

perception because two people exposed to the same communication can view it differentely

A team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the _____ stage of development.

performing

4 phases in chief learning officer: Needs assessment determination of the specific individuals who need training

person analysis

Which of the following is a form of recognition?

personal congratulations ---- Employee recognition programs range from a spontaneous and private thank-you to widely publicized formal programs in which specific types of behavior are encouraged and congratulated, and the procedures for attaining recognition are clearly identified

_____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other.

personality

________ is a compensation system in which employees are paid a set rate for each item they produce.

piecework

Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the ________.

planning, execution, and evaluation of his or her work --- Explanation: Job enrichment is the vertical expansion of jobs, which increases the degree to which the worker controls the planning, execution, and evaluation of the work.

Tactical Plans

plans created that specify how the company will use resources, budgets, and people over the next six months to two years to accomplish specific goals within its mission.

standing plans

plans used repeatedly to handle frequently recurring events. Example: Pay Roll

incorporating the principles of learning: mass vs distributed learning Learning situation when progress does not occur Learning curve can be used to track an individual's progress

plateau

Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida where he started as a part-time teller. He's learned to ignore one bit of advice he's frequently heard, "Work with what you have." Tobin doesn't buy that view. He subscribes to the philosophy that calls for "having the right people on the bus and the right people in the right seats on the bus." After Tobin assumed the helm at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes. This ability to make these personnel changes defines Tobin's ____.

position power

McClelland's Learned Needs Theory identifies three needs. They are the needs for _____.

power, achievement, and affiliation

Criterion-related validity: Extent to which applicants' test scores match criterion data obtained from those applicants after they have been on the job for some indefinite period

predictive validity

When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, the Indian government immediately ordered Coke to stop production. The Indian government served as a(n) ____.

primary stakeholder

External Recruiting Methods: for a fee, match people with full-time jobs

private employment agencies

Jessica believes that she received an appropriate salary increase this year but she does not believe that the company's methods for determining salary increases were fair. She believes that there is a problem with the firm's ________ justice.

procedural ---- Procedural justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards. Jessica believes that there were inequities in the process in determining salary increases

The _____ is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time and is always temporary.

project team

a change of assignment to a job at a higher level in an organization

promotion

which of the following might account for the disparities of african, hispanic, Asian american among the general population and their smaller representation in management positions

racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace

Leniency errors

rate all workers as performing particularly well

Bayer AG was indicted as a participant in an international price-fixing scheme that drove up the costs of rubber chemicals used to make shoes, tires, and other products. Bayer AG paid its fine but did not admit culpability. Instead, the company announced that paying the fine was less costly than litigation. Bayer AG implemented a(n) ____ strategy.

reactive

Performance standards: these are measurable and written down communicate precise information to employees

realistic and specific performance standards

Laura only makes minimum wage, but she loves her job. Her supervisor regularly compliments her and she has been chosen employee of the month twice this year. Which of the following is Laura's attitude most likely a function of?

recognition ---- Intrinsic rewards in the form of employee recognition programs are increasingly being recognized as important in job satisfaction and motivation. Laura's attitude stems from recognition.

Researchers report that which of the following was considered by employees to be the most powerful workplace motivator?

recognition ---- Of 1,500 employees surveyed in a variety of work settings to find out what they considered the most powerful workplace motivator, the majority responded recognition

Which theory is, strictly speaking, not a theory of motivation since it does not concern itself with what initiates behavior?

reinforcement theory ---- Because it does not concern itself with what initiates behavior, it is not, strictly speaking, a theory of motivation. But it does provide a powerful means of analyzing what controls behavior, and this is why we typically consider it in discussions of motivation

Degree to which interviews, tests, and other selection procedures yield comparable data over time and alternative measures EX: two administrations of the same preemployment test yield similar results EX: GMAT test yield the same results 2 weeks later

reliability

Performance standards characteristics: reliability process whereby managers meet to discuss the performance of individual employees to ensure their employees appraisals are in line with one another

reliability

Internal Recruiting Methods: are used for succession planning

replacement charts

You have decided to let employees select a small group to represent them and work with management. This is termed

representative participation ---- Representative participation is a system in which workers participate in organizational decision making through a small group of representative employees

performance diagnosis: these measures are affected by ability, motivation, and external environment

results measures

According to expectancy theory, the degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual is known as what sort of relationship?

rewards-personal goals ---- The employee works hard in the hope of getting a promotion but gets a pay raise instead. This is an example of rewards-personal goals relationship, or the degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual.

Jill is an excellent technical writer. She has never missed a deadline and the projects that she leads are superior. She is extremely upset with her annual performance review, though. She had asked to telecommute two days a week, to be able to spend more time with her family. She feels like she has proven her reliability. However, her boss said that such a policy is simply not possible right now and gave her a substantial raise instead. Jill's disappointment demonstrates a breakdown in the ________ relationship.

The tendency to prefer a sure thing describes which decision making bias?

risk aversion --- Explanation: Risk aversion is the tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome, even if the riskier outcome might have a higher expected payoff.

Tom knows that the title insurance company made a mistake on his property title. Because of their mistake, his neighbor now has access to an easement road through his back 25 acres. He can't use the acreage for pasture, because his neighbor insists that the gates remain open. The title company has offered a $40,000 settlement. Tom has decided to take the settlement rather than possibly lose in court if he were to sue the title company for more money. Tom's decision is based on ________.

risk aversion --- Explanation: Risk aversion is the tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome, even if the riskier outcome might have a higher expected payoff.

You are looking at flex time and realize that it will probably work least well for which of the following jobs?

school nurses ---- Flex time is not applicable to every job. It is not a viable option for receptionists, sales personnel in retail stores, or similar jobs for which comprehensive service demands that people be at their workstations at predetermined times. A school nurse must be at her workstation during school hours.

A committee is made up of 12 managers: three each from the sales, production, accounting, and human resources departments. They read a comprehensive study of the company they work for, and are asked which of its recommendations are most important. In discussion they find that the managers perceive that the most important recommendations are those concerning their own departments. This finding is most likely the result of what type of bias?

selective perception ---- Explanation: The managers' behavior is an example of how vested interests can significantly influence the problems a person sees, which is a form of selective perception. The managers perceived as important the aspects of a situation specifically related to their own unit's activities and goals.

Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we perceive, we engage in ________.

selective perception ---- Explanation: The tendency to take in bits and pieces, and to take more notice of an object or event because it stands out due to a person's interests, background, experience, and attitudes., is called selective perception. Selective perception occurs because it is impossible for a person to assimilate everything he sees; he can take in only certain stimuli.

Glendon has a degree in business and worked for two years at an international firm in Spain. When the firm suffered cutbacks and Glendon returned home, he took a job at a non-profit agency mentoring at-risk Spanish-speaking children. Glendon earns a third of what he earned in the business world, but has decided that his new goal is to acquire a larger case load and continue to use his Spanish to help people. Which theory explains why Glendon is happy with a much smaller external reward for his work?

self-concordance ---- An outgrowth of self-determination theory is self-concordance, which considers how strongly peoples' reasons for pursuing goals are consistent with their interests and core values. If individuals pursue goals because of an intrinsic interest, they are more likely to attain their goals and are happy even if they do not. Glendon is happy because his goals are in line with his core values.

Which of the following is not a comparison an employee can use in equity theory

self-goal ---- The referent an employee selects adds to the complexity of equity theory. There are four referent comparisons: 1. Self-inside is an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization; 2. Self-outside is an employee's experiences in a situation or position outside the employee's current organization; 3. Other-inside refers to another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization; 4. Other-outside refers to another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization

What term is used for the tendency of an individual to attribute his own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors?

self-serving bias --- Explanation: Individuals and organizations tend to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort, and place the blame for failure on external factors such as bad luck or unproductive co-workers. This is called a self-serving bias.

Whenever Jane is successful she takes full credit for what has happened, but whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck or blames one of her fellow employees. She is guilty of ________.

Training methods: Useful for bringing groups of people together for training and development

seminars and conferences

Types of interviews: Format in which a candidate is interviewed by multiple people, one right after another

sequential interview

______ occurs when people are treated differently because of their gender

sex discrimination

What is the term used for a pay plan where pay levels are based on how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do?

skill-based pay ---- Skill-based pay is a pay plan that sets pay levels on the basis of how many skills employees have or how many jobs they can do.

In general, _______ is most effective for self-managing and self-directing teams performing complex tasks, while _______ works best in relatively stable environments where employees can focus on improving the productivity, cost savings, or quality of their current work system.

skill-based pay; gainsharing

behavior modeling combined with practice and feedback is a training method that appeals to this domain

skills/psychomotor training

A team of men and women of different ethnic backgrounds, age, and physical capabilities work for a TV show which involves decorating gardens in a very short time frame. The team worked in co-ordination to come up with new decorative ideas for each episode. This is an example of _____. chp12

social integration

When the world's biggest manufacturer of locks looked at its employee composition, it discovered that its workers were either over 50 or under 30 because the company had done little hiring during the 1980s and 1990s. ____ was needed to get these two groups to respect each other's work abilities.

social integration

_____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective

social integration

_____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.

social integration

when the worlds biggest manufacturer of locks looked at its employee composition, it discovered that its workers were either of ages over 50 or under 30. this age differences brought conflicts on important decisions which the company identified as a threat to its growth ______ was needed to get these two groups to respect each others work abilities

social integration

In an article about BP Amoco, its CEO said that the company's commitment to ____ is all about trying to align its policies, values, and behavior with those of the societies in which it operates because, ultimately, superior performance means being in touch

social responsibility

Kowalski's Markets, a local supermarket chain in Minneapolis, expanded by purchasing four existing stores. One of the stores was located in Minneapolis' Camden neighborhood, a lower-class community unlike the store's typical upscale customer demographic. Rather than sell the property, the owners decided they had a(n) ____ to provide a neighborhood grocery store to that community.

social responsibility

Aptitude tests are also called ______.

specific ability tests

Management by Objectives (MBO) emphasizes translating overall organizational objectives into

specific objectives for organizational units and individual members ---- Management by objectives (MBO) emphasizes participatively set goals that are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. The organization's overall objectives are translated into specific objectives for each succeeding level in the organization. MBO works from the bottom up as well as from the top down. The result is a hierarchy that links objectives at one level to those at the next.

External Recruiting Methods: Firms that hire and place workers in temporary jobs

staffing agencies

Types of interviews: Uses a set of standardized questions that have an established set of answers

structured interviews

_________ measures by requiring someone to judge a worker's performance. Ex: behavioral observation scales

subjective performance measure

Steps in selection process:

submission of resume, completion of application, interviews, references and background checks, pre-employment tests, medical exam/test, hiring decision

employee involvement teams

team that provides advice or makes suggestions to management concerning specific specific issues

What is attribution theory?

tendency to jude observed behavior

work sample tests

tests that require applicants to perform tasks that are actually done on the job

The basic idea behind compressed pay structures is

that similar pay levels should lead to higher levels of cooperation, feelings of fairness and a common purpose, and better group and team performance.

the access and legitimacy paradigm

Which of the following paradigms for managing diversity is similar to the business growth advantage of diversity?

the access and legitimacy paradigm

Which of the following defines autonomy?

the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and procedure --- Explanation: The job characteristics model ( JCM) describes jobs in terms of five core job dimensions: skill variety, the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities; task identity, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work; task significance, the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people; autonomy, the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling; and feedback, the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about performance.

Which of the following defines skill variety?

the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities --- Explanation: The job characteristics model ( JCM) describes jobs in terms of five core job dimensions: skill variety, the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities; task identity, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work; task significance, the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people; autonomy, the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling; and feedback, the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about performance.

Which of the following defines task identity?

the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work -- Explanation: The job characteristics model ( JCM) describes jobs in terms of five core job dimensions: skill variety, the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities; task identity, the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work; task significance, the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people; autonomy, the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling; and feedback, the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about performance.

It's Marisol's first day on a new job. At first she was very nervous, but when she was introduced to her cubicle neighbor, Hanna, she was taken aback by Hanna's soothing smile. Marisol knew that a person with such a beautiful smile could not be bad, and that she would enjoy having her in such close proximity.

the halo effect -- Explanation: The halo effect is the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. Marisol is judging Hanna based only on her smile, without getting to know any other details.

What is the term used for a general impression about an individual based on a single characteristic such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance?

the halo effect --- Explanation: When we draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance, a halo effect is operating. A single trait is allowed to influence the overall impression of the person being judged.

Organizational plurality is consistent with _____.

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity?

the learning and effectiveness paradigm

chain of command

the vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organizations

Recruitment Metrics: Metric that refers to the number of days from when a job opening is approved to the date a person is chosen for the job the lower this statistic the better

time-to-fill

What is the goal of representative participation?

to redistribute power within the organization ---- The goal of representative participation is to redistribute power within an organization, putting labor on a more equal footing with the interests of management and stockholders by letting workers be represented by a small group of employees who actually participate.

Criteria for Evaluating: Behavior Effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job Maximize this by: Feature identical elements, Focus on general principles, Establish a climate for transfer, Give employees transfer strategies

transfer of training

UPS was founded UPS in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business if UPS's founder had not been a ____ type of leader. One who was able to get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers.

transformational

UPS was founded in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business. The founder of UPS was able to encourage and get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers. Due to this reason the company was able to succeed. In this context, the founder of UPS displayed _____ leadership.

transformational

Sex discrimination

treating people differently because of their sex

Creating an effective MBO (management by objectives) Objectives should be quantifiable and measurable and accompanied by a description of how they will be accomplished, Results that are expected must be under the employee's control, Firm's goals and objectives must be consistent, or aligned, with the goals of employees at all levels, Timeframes for when the goals are to be reviewed and evaluated need to be established

true

Developing an effective performance management system: true or false? primary responsibility Overseeing and coordinating its performance management system Employees are to accept and be satisfied with a performance management system when they have the chance to participate in its development Experienced employees are asked to help identify important job behaviors Helps ensure that the system takes into account the tasks that need to be done in an organization

true

Legal guidelines for evaluations: Performance ratings must be job-related Employees must be given a written copy of their job standards in advance of evaluations Managers who conduct the evaluation must be able to observe the behavior they are rating Do not allow performance problems to continue unchecked Supervisors must be trained to use the evaluation form correctly

true

People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n) ____.

unethical charismatic leader

Gantt Chart

visually indicated what tasks must be completed at which times in order to complete project.

fundamental attribution error,

which is the tendency to ignore external causes of behavior and to attribute other people's actions to internal causes.

Companies that can't manage incremental innovation deteriorate slowly as they fall farther behind industry leaders

which of the following statements about managing innovation is true?

As a manager, you like the plan because it allows

workforce flexibility ---- For employers, the lure of skill-based pay plans is that they increase the flexibility of the workforce; filling staffing needs is easier when employee skills are interchangeable

When Jack Welch, former Chairman of General Electric, a Fortune 5 company, assumed the role of CEO, he immediately began to make drastic changes in the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient General Electric becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. Jack Welch ____.

would be characterized as a leader

Recruitment Metrics: Percentage of applicants from a particular source that make it to the next stage in the selection process Helps indicate which recruitment sources are most effective at producing qualified job candidates Used to determine how many total applicants a firm needs to attract and advance to different stages in the hiring process to fill different jobs

yield ratio

_____ means that transformational leaders encourage followers to be creative and innovative, to question assumptions, and to look at problems and situations in new ways even if their ideas are different from those of leaders.

Intellectual stimulation

Training Methods: Learning that takes place via web and computer-based training (CBT)

e-learning

In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term ____ refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.

position power

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must __________. a. advertise for job candidates b. create a job description c. conduct a job analysis d. create a job specification e. match salaries to industry averages

Which of the following will you probably use to evaluate this situation?

"equity ---- Equity theory refers to a theory that says that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. In this situation, because you are comparing income, it is likely that you will use equity theory

diversity

The primary benefit of the _____ is that it generally brings about fairer treatment of employees and increases demographic diversity. chp12

discrimination and fairness paradigm

Types of tests: used for predicting job performance and disruptive behaviors for the applicant by asking series of questions

honesty and integrity tests

4 parts of balanced scorecard: Allows each individual to see how his or her performance ties into the overall performance of the firm

financial measures, customer measures, process measures, learning measures

temporal error: a tendency to allow one's judgement of another person, esp in a job interview, to be unduly influenced by an unfavorable

horn effect

A satisficing solution is satisfactory but not sufficient.

"FALSE- - Explanation: Many problems don't have an optimal solution because they are too complicated to be broken down into the parameters of the rational decision-making model. People must satisfice; that is, seek solutions that are satisfactory and sufficient.

What is the major problem with Maslow's hierarchy of needs in organizational behavior?

"There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes ----Research does not validate Maslow's theory. Maslow provided no empirical substantiation, and several studies that sought to validate the theory found no support for it. There is little evidence that need structures are organized along the dimensions proposed by Maslow, that unsatisfied needs motivate, or that a satisfied need activates movement to a new need level.

According to Maslow, when does a need stop motivating?

"when it is substantially satisfied ----According to Maslow, although no need is ever fully gratified, a substantially satisfied need no longer motivates. Thus, as each of these needs becomes substantially satisfied the next one becomes dominant.

Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan?

$2 for each unit produced ---- The piece-rate pay plan is a means of compensating production workers by paying a fixed sum for each unit of production completed. Paying $2 for each unit produced represents a piece-rate pay plan.

Cognitive Ability Test

-measure the extent to which applicants have abilities in perceptual speed, verbal comprehension, numerical aptitude, general reasoning, and spatial aptitude. -indicate how quickly and how well people understand words, numbers, logic, and spatial dimensions -cognitive ability tests accurately predict job performance in almost all kinds of jobs -if you were allowed to use just one selection test, a cognitive ability test would be the one to use.

Hostile work environment

-occurs when unwelcome and demeaning sexually related behavior creates an intimidating, hostile, and offensive work environment. -may not result in economic injury but it can lead to psychological injury from a stressful work environment.

What is fundamental attribution error?

-overestimating the influence of internal factors -typically applied to our judgement of others

Resumes

-pose a problem because of false data -managers should verify all information in resumes

outplacement services

-provide employment counseling for people faced with downsizing -services often include advice and training in preparing résumés, getting ready for job interviews, and even identifying job opportunities in other companies

Applicants have a limited time to

-read through the in-basket, prioritize the items, and decide how to deal with each item -Experienced managers then score the applicants' decisions and recommendations

Computer Based Learning (E-Learning) Advantages

-reduce travel costs -increase productivity -decrease employee stress -can be faster than traditional training methods

If companies do find themselves in financial or strategic situations where downsizing is required for survival

-they should train managers in how to break the news to downsized employees -have senior managers explain in detail why downsizing is necessary -time the announcement so that employees hear it from the company and not from other sources, such as TV or newspaper reports -companies should do everything they can to help downsized employees find other jobs.

To build successful relationships managers must...

-treat each employee with respect -demonstrate care and concern

Assessment Centers

-use a series of job-specific simulations that are graded by multiple trained observers to determine applicants' ability to perform managerial work -most often used to select applicants who have high potential to be good managers

The best way to handle role stress is to: A. increase role accuracy. B. increase role ambiguity. C. force the individual to multitask. D. quit the job. E. refuse to perform the stress-creating tasks.

. increase role accuracy

According to the text, ______ typically amount to more than 90 percent of employees' salaries.

turnover costs

Assessment centers often last

two to five days and require participants to complete a number of tests and exercises that simulate managerial work.

Incorporating principles of learning: Hands on activities and breaking large groups to smaller groups can help trainers accommodate different learning styles

individual learning differences

According to research findings, which of the following is more likely to be motivating for the employees in the long run? A) commissions B) merit-based pay C) recognition D) bonuses E) stock options

Lavon has been feeling dissatisfied with his position of late. Particularly, he feels that he is underutilized. According to motivation theories, what should Lavon's supervisor do? A) fire him B) promote him C) include him in revising his job description D) mentor him to use his time better E) appoint him to numerous committees

Ned is particularly adept at designing and creating new fashions. In which of the following would Ned have the highest level of skill variety? A) doing alterations at the dry cleaners B) creating custom bridal gowns in a bridal store C) creating custom gowns and suits for a pageant store D) working as a private tailor for a local real estate agent E) working as a stylist for a local celebrity

The glass ceiling is most closely associated with ____. a. cultural diversity b. participative management, delegation, and autonomy c. ethnic, racial, and gender discrimination d. broad spans of management, decentralization, and flat organizational structures e. narrow spans of management and long chains of command

Training Methods: e-learning Online system that provides a variety of assessment, communication, teaching, and learning opportunities

learning management systems (LMS)

Training methods: behavior modeling components (4)

learning points, model, practice and role play, feedback and reinforcement

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true? a. A disability is only covered by discrimination laws when it is physical. b. A disability must be visible to the average person to be considered a true disability. c. Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive. d. On average, people with disabilities earn the same amount as those without disabilities. e. None of these statements about disabilities is true.

Which of the following statements about applicant information sources is FALSE? A. An application form should include factual questions concerning the profile the company established for the position. B. Contacting references is a good way to validate information on the application form. C. The most frequently contacted references are former professors. D. Experienced sales managers expect to hear favorable comments when they contact an applicant's references. E. One should choose a variety of references that can provide different information about him/her.

C. The most frequently contacted references are former professors.

Samantha is an emergency medical technician. Yesterday, due to an emergency, she was called to a house where a man suffered a heart attack. She was able to resuscitate the man, and while her colleagues were transporting him to the ambulance she spent 10 minutes calming the 12-year-old daughter, who was home alone with the father at that time. Based on this description, it's safe to say that Samantha's job is high in ________. A) task identity B) feedback C) reward D) task significance E) skill variety

Which of the following may be a disadvantage of introducing this type of pay plan? A) It increases supervisory work load. B) It encourages social loafing. C) It generally decreases the profitability of the organization. D) It does not address the level of performance. E) It tends to reduce employee job satisfaction.

While setting pay levels initially, an organization has to balance internal equity and external equity. Here external equity indicates ________. A) the amount of growth opportunities the job provides to the employee B) the worth of the job to the employee C) the worth of the job to the organization D) competitiveness of an organization's pay relative to pay elsewhere in its industry E) the amount of job satisfaction the job provides to the employee

____ consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors. a. Organizational plurality b. Behavioral diversity c. Surface-level diversity d. Deep-level diversity e. Ego-driven heterogeneity

The most frequently contacted references are _____. A. church leaders B. relatives C. friends D. former employers E. coworkers

D. former employers

____ are the expectations that a company will voluntarily serve a social role beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities.

Discretionary responsibilities

profit sharing

a compensation system in which a company pays a % of its profits to employees in addition to the regular compensation

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

a. Cognitive ability tests

surface level diversity

differences such as age, sex, race, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable and easy to measure

single use plans

one time event plans example- Budget because it has a start and end date

affirmative action

refers to purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women

Employment references

sources such as previous employers/coworkers who can provide job related information about candidates

Rater training

training performance appraisal raters in how to avoid rating errors and increase rating accuracy

diversity training programs

Awareness training and skill based diversity training

Flextime tends to reduce absenteeism and frequently improves worker productivity.

TRUE

Which of the following is an external recruiting method?

advertising

perception and perpetual filters

people perceive according to personality, psychology and experiences based filters.

The two general categories of stakeholders are ____ stakeholders and ____ stakeholders.

primary; secondary

Refer to Gap. Today it could be argued that Gap has become the most proactive retailer in the industry. This means Gap ____.

anticipates responsibility for a problem before it occurs and does more than society expects to address the problem

Refer to Oakland Athletics. Beane operates within windows of opportunity; that's all he can afford. Because compensation trails performance, he must find players on the rise, guys who haven't caught fire yet but who could. His ability to see potential players creates a positive image for the baseball club's future. Beane's ability to provide direction for the future means that he could be classified as a(n) ____.

visionary leader

The last step in the basic model of ethical decision making is to ____.

act

The Finnish government is working to change the perception of older workers and encourage Finnish companies to abandon mandatory retirement plans. What kind of surface-level diversity is the Finnish government hoping to achieve?

age

According to the stakeholder model, which primary stakeholder group is theoretically most important to the company?

all primary stakeholders are of equal importance

In recent years Kowalski's Markets expanded by purchasing four existing stores. One of the stores was located in Minneapolis' Camden neighborhood, a lower-class community unlike the store's typical upscale customer demographic. Rather than sell the property, the owners decided they had an obligation to provide a neighborhood grocery store to that community. Which of the following is an example of a primary stakeholder group for Kowalski's markets?

customers in the Camden neighborhood

In the nursing home industry, pairing two younger workers with an older worker creates more job opportunities for the older workers. Furthermore, this pairing could be a significant advantage in nursing homes where an older worker may have more sensitivity to aging problems. This would be an example of a type of mentoring called ____.

diversity pairing

For some time now, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has been making anti-AIDS drugs like Retrovir and Epivir available in hard-hit areas of Africa at up to 75 percent off the global price. But that wasn't enough for AIDS prevention groups, which were outraged by GSK's decision to use the World Trade Organization's (WTO's) patent protection rules to take action against governments importing lower-cost versions of these drugs. AIDS prevention groups saw GSK's use of WTO regulation as acting at which level of social responsibility?

economic

Refer to Amazon.com. CEO Jeff Bezos must wrestle with basic management issues such as how to get more done at Amazon with a minimum of effort, expense, or waste. In other words, Bezos must make Amazon more:

efficient

What term describes the degree of concern people have about an ethical issue?

ethical intensity

Connie O'Day is a middle-level manager for the publishers of Free Spirit magazine, a publication targeted to women who are not focused on finding a husband or maintaining a house and garden. She spends much of her day conducting interviews with groups of women to determine what they consider most important in their lives. She also keeps an eye on the sales and content of other women's magazines. Which informational role does O'Day perform?

monitor

Doug has a low-paying job for a telecommunications company. Every day when he goes home from work, Doug puts a headset, a stapler, or something similar in his lunch box and takes it home with him. Doug sees nothing wrong with his behavior since he feels he is being paid less than he should. In terms of Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Doug is operating at which level?

preconventional

Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored once again in a safe location. Graf actions can be described as a(n) ____.

whistleblower

Alex and Rick are discussing Alex's last sales presentation as they walk to the car from the customer's office. Rick—Alex's sales manager—is giving Alex feedback on the strengths and weaknesses he noticed during Alex's presentation. This immediate feedback should help Alex improve his ability as a sales rep. This form of feedback is known as _____. A. backdoor selling B. basic training C. a parking lot accolade D. a curbside conference E. a kickback

D. a curbside conference

Bianca has just completed her degree in advertising and selling. She is interviewing for her first sales position. She has to convince the interviewer about her KSAs which refer to her: A. kinetics, salesmanship, and authority. B. kanban, strategy, and agility. C. kaizen, sincerity, and accuracy. D. knowledge, skills, and abilities. E. none of the above.

D. knowledge, skills, and abilities

Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?

Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees.

For management, the major downside of telecommuting is ________. A) decreased productivity B) increased turnover C) reduced morale D) difficulty in scheduling work E) less direct supervision of employees

In the job characteristics model (JCM), which three core job dimensions combine to create meaningful work? A) autonomy, task identity, and feedback B) skill variety, autonomy, and task significance C) skill variety, autonomy, and feedback D) feedback, task identity, and task significance E) skill variety, task identity, and task significance

Characteristics of introverts?

Have quiet energy Listen more than talk Think quietly inside their heads Think, then act Feel comfortable being alone Prefer to work "behind the scenes" Have good powers of concentration Prefer to focus on one thing at a time Are self-contained and reserved

When a firm needs an entry-level employee, such as clerical help, what external recruitment source is usually the BEST source?

High schools and vocational schools

Which of the following do you think would motivate Jonathan the most?

a greater sense of inner peace ---- Because Jonathan is wealthy and loves his job, he would be seeking self-actualization according to Maslow. A greater sense of inner peace might achieve this goal

job evaluation

a process that determines the worth of each job in a company by evaluating the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it

types of discrimination

age sex race mental/ physical disability

the two basic types of diversity training programs are _____

awareness and skill based

Which of the following statements about validation is true? a. The Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures recommend validation only for written tests used as selection procedures b. Validation refers to the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance c. A test is said to be valid when it produces the same results every time it is used d. In terms of recruitment, validation is most important in identifying what training prospective employees need. e. none of these statements about validation is true

_______means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance. a. supervising b. directing c. training d. mentoring e. mediating

Statistical approach: Selection decision model in which a high score in one area can make up for a low score in another area

compensatory model

Methods for administering interview: Questions are administered to applicants via computers Conducted at a firm's facilities, using kiosks, online or via phone

computer-administered (automated) interview

External Recruiting Methods: Process of dismissing employees who are then hired by a leasing company which handles all HR activities and contracting with that company to lease back the employees

employee leasing

To help companies reduce age discrimination, their managers can ____ chp12

ensure that younger and older workers interact with each other

Sue wants to go back to work after having taken a few years off while the kids were young. Her husband earns a good living, and they both want Sue to be available for the children's events and at home after school. School gets out at 2:20. When looking for a job, which of the following schedules would be most appealing for Sue?

enter at 9:00 a.m. and leave at 1:00 p.m., Monday through Friday ---- Because Sue's income is secondary to her family responsibilities, the part-time job that allows her to get the kids ready for school in the morning and be home when they arrive in the afternoon would be most appealing for her. She would be most interested in the job that allows her to enter at 9:00 a.m. and leave at 1:00 p.m., Monday through Friday.

3 factors that affect an employee's performance: equipment/materials, job design, economic conditions, unions, rules and policies, managerial support, laws and regulations

environment

When individuals compare their outcomes and inputs against those of others, the framework is

equity ---- Equity theory is a theory that says that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequities. Employees perceive what they get from a job situation (salary levels, raises, recognition) in relationship to what they put into it (effort, experience, education, competence) and then compare their outcome-input ratio with that of relevant others

a group of actors gather to read the critical reviews of the new play they presented to audiences last night. the actors are looking for....... rewards

extrintric

Which of the following is an example of an interpersonal role?

figurehead

Incorporating principles of learning: Description of the training program, its objectives, and learning points

goal setting

difference between diversity and affirmative action

is that affirmative action is more narrowly focused on demographics such as sex and race, while diversity has a broader focus that includes demographic, cultural, and personal differences

In terms of the chain of command ___ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ___ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates

line; staff

Which of the following is not a factor in the individual perceiver?

location --- Explanation: Characteristics that can affect perception include perceiver attitudes, personality, motives, interests, past experiences, and expectations. Location is a factor in the situation, or as background for the factor of the target.

functional turnover

loss of poor performing employees who voluntarily choose to leave the company

Refer to Anglo American. The wave of relief, optimism, and hope throughout South Africa is a reflection of the ____ caused by Anglo's decision.

magnitude of consequences

Additional training and development programs: Formal process of familiarizing new employees with: Organization, Jobs, Work units

orientation

Types of performance evaluations: Conducted by one's fellow employees, on forms compiled into a single profile for use in the evaluation meeting

peer evaluations

which of the following statements about disabilities is true

people with disabilities have better safety records

Training methods: Involves playing the roles of others, often a supervisor and a subordinate who are facing a particular problem

role playing

Internal Recruiting Methods: Firms track employee skills to see how best these skills can be used in job postings

skills inventories

Agreeableness

the degree to which someone is cooperative, polite, flexible, forgiving, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting

Conscientiousness

the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, persevering, thorough, and achievement oriented

general environment

the economy, technological, social cultural, and political/legal trends that indirectly affect all companies. Effects all types of businesses

What is the affective component of an attitude?

the emotional/feeling part of attitude

internal/cultural

the events and trends inside an organization that affect management, employees, and organizational culture. How we do things within our organization, communicate, dress.

According to the path-goal theory, which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency?

the formal authority system

glass ceiling

the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations.

glass celling

the invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top of jobs in an organization

decentralization

the location of a significant amount of authority in the lower levels of the organization

perceptual filters

the personality-, psychology-, or experience-based differences that influence them to ignore or pay attention to particular stimuli.

Validation

the process of determining how well a selection test or procedures predict future job performance

Affective Conflict

undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness

MGMT exam 3 q's pt 4

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