MGT 300 History of Management

Studies of relay assembly rooms and bank wiring rooms increased our understanding of the amount of influence ______ have on workers' behavior.

group members

Something unique about the Gilbreths' studies was the use of ______ to record the time for each operation, break jobs into different parts, and identify the most efficient approach to a work task.

micro-motion photographs

Behavioral perspectives were changed after Munsterberg's work laid the groundwork for the use of ______.

more scientific logic to understand organizational behavior

Which of the following accurately lists the parts of the Juran Trilogy?

Quality planning, quality control, and quality improvement

Which of the following represent contemporary approaches to management? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. The systems perspective Lean manufacturing Knowledge management

The systems perspective Knowledge management

A firm's processes and routines represent ______ capital, while knowledge shared by team members in the firm represents ______ capital.

organizational; social

key principle of the human relations perspective, not the administrative and bureaucratic perspective.

understanding why people act the way they do at work

Knowledge management can be described as a (n) ______.

effort by management to leverage intellectual capital and information in organizations

A manager using a contingency perspective would most likely ______.

employ different motivational strategies for different employees

The ______ approach to management focuses on managing the firm's various types of capital; while the ______ approach to management focuses on organizational adaptability.

knowledge management; systems

Which of the following represent production innovations during the Industrial Revolution? (Select all that apply.) Harnessing electricity to extend work hours Speeding up the manufacturing process with the assembly line Using automobiles to commute to work from farther distances Speeding up the manufacturing process with the assembly line

Harnessing electricity to extend work hours Speeding up the manufacturing process with the assembly line

Which of the following statements are accurate regarding Weber's contributions to organizational studies? (Select all that apply.) Orientation toward more efficient operations More efficient decision making due to decreased rules and regulations Emphasis on more stability and reliability for employees and supervisors

Orientation toward more efficient operations Emphasis on more stability and reliability for employees and supervisors

Key principles of the administrative and bureaucratic perspective include ______.

allocating authority and figuring out the division of labor

Theories of management which suggest that the effectiveness of a managerial policy, practice, or behavior depends on factors such as the work being done are known as ______ theories.

contingency

The systematic process of managing a work-related project from its inception to conclusion is known as ______.

project management

Total quality management (TQM) emphasizes ______.

quality throughout the production process

Key management roles according to the systems perspective include ______. (Select all that apply.) scanning for possible threats and opportunities being attuned to the organization's external environment making processes as efficient as possible

scanning for possible threats and opportunities being attuned to the organization's external environment

One major consideration in the human relations movement included the ______.

importance of coordination, conflict, and group pressures

Management science aims to use statistical and mathematical models in order to ______ in organizations.

improve decision making

The systems perspective might argue that the organizations that survive over time are those that are able to ______.

self-regulate

The domestic system of production is defined as a ______.

system of small-scale production where work is done by hand, often by family members in their own homes, or in local workrooms

Management science can be described as ______.

a way of improving organizational decision making through the use of sophisticated mathematical and statistical models

The human relations perspective

view of management that recognizes and incorporates the reality and complexity of human behavior and social relationships that exist within the organizations.

Weber's approach emphasized ______.

clear roles and more well-equipped supervision

Which of these represent some of Fayol's principles of management? (Select all that apply.) Authority Remuneration of personnel Centralization Plurality of direction Subordination of individual interest to the general interest Equality

Authority Remuneration of personnel Centralization Subordination of individual interest to the general interest

Changes in the behavior of someone that occur solely as a function of the individual's awareness of being observed by others characterize the ______ Effect.

Hawthorne

Helping organizations to realize a TQM approach successfully was the purpose behind ______.

Deming's 14 principles

Which of the following are important innovations of the industrial revolution? (Select all that apply.)

Steam engine Cotton gin Telegraph Telephone Incandescent light bulb Airplane Model T Ford assembly line

Which of the following are important innovations of the industrial revolution? Telephone Telegraph Airplane Diving bell

Telephone Telegraph Airplane

One disadvantage of the factory model over the domestic system of production was ______.

a lack of oversight and regulation related to employee safety and working conditions

The administrative and bureaucratic perspective sought to make organizations better by focusing on ______; while the scientific management perspective sought to make organizations better by focusing on ______.

how management functions were structured; work tasks and tools that could be improved

The human relations movement studied ______.

how work was really done

Contingency perspectives advocate for ______.

matching situations with appropriate management principles

Scientific management perspective

perspective of management which seeks to examine work tasks and tools to identify changes that can be made to increase employee productivity and their well-being.

key principle of scientific management, not the administrative and bureaucratic perspective.

relying on scientific methods to improve workers' productivity

Weber's contributions to organizational studies included the belief that ______.

roles should be clear so that there is less confusion

Munsterberg's work used ______ to study ______.

scholarly approaches; the effect of individual differences at work

The human relations perspective is different from the administrative perspective in that it focuses more on ______ and less on ______.

social complexities; management structure

The inventions of the Industrial Revolution generated industry growth in part because ______.

firms became less reliant on manual labor and were able to standardize processes, thereby increasing their capabilities

Follet's contributions to behavioral perspectives included the ______.

focus on the interaction of management and workers in organizational settings

Project management is defined as ______.

the systematic process of managing a work-related project from its inception to conclusion

The basic premise of Theory X/Theory Y is that ______.

there are two broad assumptions regarding what motivates people at work

Characteristics of Rational-Legal Authority

A continuous organization of official functions bound by rules A specified sphere of competence based on the principles of division of labor, allocation of authority, and enforcements for role performance Principle of hierarchy: each lower office under the control and supervision of a higher one Rules of conduct for an office either technical rules or norms with specialized training required for those in their roles Complete separation of administrative staff from company ownership Ban on incumbents using their office position for personal gain Written records of administrative acts, decisions, and rules, even where oral discussion is the rule or is even mandatory

Which of the following statements accurately describes the systems approach to management?

A management perspective that considers the organization's environment as an important influence on the firm's decisions

A belief that organizations can be improved through a focus on either the quality of the management function or the design of work tools and tasks describes the primary difference between which two management perspectives?

Administrative and bureaucratic; scientific

Which of the following are some of Taylor's principles of scientific management? (Select all that apply.) Scientific development and then the progressive selection of workers Development of a science to replace the old "one best way" knowledge of workers Bringing together the science and the scientifically selected and trained workers

Development of a science to replace the old "one best way" knowledge of workers Bringing together the science and the scientifically selected and trained workers

Which of the following are some of Taylor's principles of scientific management? Development of a concept of "one best way" knowledge for workers Dividing work into two great divisions Scientific selection and then the progressive development of workers

Dividing work into two great divisions Scientific selection and then the progressive development of workers

Select all of the accurate statements about McGregor's Theory X and Y. Multiple select question. How managers treat and motivate their workers depends upon the managers' preset views of their employees' work habits. Managers with a Theory X view of workers believe that workers dislike and avoid work at all costs and must be coerced into doing it. Theory X views would lead a manager to use intrinsic forms of motivation, while Theory Y views would lead a manager to use extrinsic forms of motivation. Managers with a Theory Y view of workers believe that workers find purpose in their jobs, view work as an important part of their existence, and enjoy their tasks.

How managers treat and motivate their workers depends upon the managers' preset views of their employees' work habits. Managers with a Theory X view of workers believe that workers dislike and avoid work at all costs and must be coerced into doing it. Managers with a Theory Y view of workers believe that workers find purpose in their jobs, view work as an important part of their existence, and enjoy their tasks.

According to contingency perspectives, which of the following factors should be considered when selecting management techniques? (Select all that apply.) Industry Company age Universal principles Business strategy

Industry Company age Business strategy

Which of these are reasons management history remains relevant today? (Select all that apply.) Knowing how past leaders and managers dealt with similar situations gives us more ideas for dealing with current and future events. Understanding management thought and development allows us to better anticipate future events. Remembering management history reminds us of how simple it is to be an effective manager in today's workplace.

Knowing how past leaders and managers dealt with similar situations gives us more ideas for dealing with current and future events. Understanding management thought and development allows us to better anticipate future events.

Select all of the reasons it is important to continue to study management history. Knowledge of an organization's history gives us the context necessary to understand why certain rules exist. New management theories haven't emerged for centuries, so we must study historical theories because they are all still used today. Studying history helps us learn from failures and recreate successes

Knowledge of an organization's history gives us the context necessary to understand why certain rules exist. Studying history helps us learn from failures and recreate successes.

Which of the following statements best describes knowledge management?

Managers' endeavors to capitalize on what employees know, rather than what they can physically do

The introduction of electricity into organizations had which of the following positive effects? The ability to operate for longer hours Faster employee turnover Better workplace safety

The ability to operate for longer hours Better workplace safety

Which of the following represent production innovations during the Industrial Revolution? Shipping products to distant locations, using steam technology Transmitting messages electronically by telegraph, using Morse code Using electricity to illuminate work facilities Using technology to accomplish work that was previously done by hand

Using electricity to illuminate work facilities Using technology to accomplish work that was previously done by hand

The Hawthorne Studies included the ______. (Select all that apply.) bank wiring room study illumination experiments authority programming experiment relay assembly room study

bank wiring room study illumination experiments relay assembly room study

Hawthorne effect

changes in a person's behavior that are due solely to the individual's awareness of being observed by others.

The Hawthorne Effect is defined as ______.

changes in the behavior of someone that occur solely as a function of the individual's awareness of being observed by others

Follet advocated for the need to understand the role of ______ in navigating dynamic organizational challenges.

coordination, participation, and leadership

Munsterberg affected behavioral perspectives through the use of ______.

experimental psychology to study workplace variables

The human relations movement focused on ______.

how people actually work and behave within organizations

The term ______ capital is used in reference to individuals, while ______ capital is used in reference to teams.

human; social

One of Taylor's famous studies looked at workers shoveling small blocks of crude iron (which had been produced from the smelting process) in order to ______.

identify the optimal shovel and shoveling method that could be used for all workers

Studies such as the bank wiring room study and the relay assembly room study highlighted the influence of ______ in the workplace.

informal groups

A system of small-scale production where work is done by hand, often by family members in their own homes, or in local workrooms, is known as ______.

the domestic system of production

Contingency theories can be defined as management theories which suggest that ______.

the effectiveness of a managerial policy, practice, or behavior depends on factors such as the work being done

While the administrative perspective focuses on improving the organization through management principles and structure, the human relations perspective suggests these improvements should be made by ______.

understanding why the people inside the organization behave as they do at work

Which of the following represent production innovations during the Industrial Revolution? Relying on the telegraph to coordinate a firm's multiple business units over large distances in a timely manner Harnessing electricity to extend work hours Using automobiles to commute to work from farther distances Speeding up the manufacturing process with the assembly line

Harnessing electricity to extend work hours Speeding up the manufacturing process with the assembly line

Select all of the accurate statements regarding Theory X/Theory Y. Managers tend to have one of two basic views regarding what motivates their workers. Theory X managers believe that workers require intense direction and control. Theory Y managers believe employees avoid taking responsibility. McGregor saw Theory Y as superior to Theory X.

Managers tend to have one of two basic views regarding what motivates their workers. Theory X managers believe that workers require intense direction and control. McGregor saw Theory Y as superior to Theory X.

Which of the following represent transportation innovations during the Industrial Revolution? (Select all that apply.) Exchanging verbal give-and-take messages over the telephone Relying on airplanes to ship products and people to distant locations more quickly Using automobiles to commute to work from farther distances Harnessing electricity to extend work hours

Relying on airplanes to ship products and people to distant locations more quickly Using automobiles to commute to work from farther distances

Which statements regarding total quality management (TQM) are accurate? (Select all that apply.) TQM emphasizes quality throughout the entire process of production. TQM blends parts of administrative theory, scientific management, and behavioral perspectives. TQM is most concerned with the efficiency of production.

TQM emphasizes quality throughout the entire process of production. TQM blends parts of administrative theory, scientific management, and behavioral perspectives.

Which of the following represent contemporary approaches to management? (Select all that apply.) Multiple select question. Performance management Total quality management The contingency perspective

Total quality management The contingency perspective

What are Weber's primary types of authority in organizations?

Traditional, charismatic, rational-legal

The idea that we can improve organizations from the top down by improving the quality of management functions is a key principle of the ______ perspective.

administrative and bureaucratic

One advantage of the factory model compared to the domestic system of production was a decrease in ______.

production time and the cost per unit

Henri Fayol's basic principles

Division of labor Authority Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interest to the general interest Remuneration of personnel Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure of personnel Initiative Esprit de corps

Which of the following are important innovations of the industrial revolution?

Model T Ford assembly line Incandescent light bulb

Which of the following represent transportation innovations during the Industrial Revolution? Developing wireless technology to send messages via Morse code over radio waves Relying on the U.S. railroad system to broaden customer bases and increase sales Shipping products to distant locations, using steam technology Using technology to accomplish work that was previously done by hand

Relying on the U.S. railroad system to broaden customer bases and increase sales Shipping products to distant locations, using steam technology

Which of the following are characteristics of rational-legal authority? (Select all that apply.) . Incumbents cannot use their office positions for personal gain. Administrative acts, decisions, and rules are formulated and recorded in writing, even in cases where oral discussion is the rule or is even mandatory. Organization of offices should avoid the principle of hierarchy, meaning that the span of control is wide and there is a high level of autonomy at all levels. Members of the administrative staff should be completely separated from ownership of the means of production or administration. Officials should not be owners of company property.

Incumbents cannot use their office positions for personal gain. Administrative acts, decisions, and rules are formulated and recorded in writing, even in cases where oral discussion is the rule or is even mandatory. Members of the administrative staff should be completely separated from ownership of the means of production or administration. Officials should not be owners of company property.

Which of the following are characteristics of rational-legal authority? (Select all that apply.) Rules that regulate the conduct of an office may be technical rules or norms, with specialized training required for those in their roles. Organization of offices follows the principle of hierarchy; that is, each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one. Continuous organization of official functions bound by rules Members of the administrative staff should be completely intertwined with the ownership of the means of production or administration. Specified sphere of competence based on the principles of division of labor, allocation of authority, and enforcements for role performance

Rules that regulate the conduct of an office may be technical rules or norms, with specialized training required for those in their roles. Organization of offices follows the principle of hierarchy; that is, each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one. Continuous organization of official functions bound by rules Specified sphere of competence based on the principles of division of labor, allocation of authority, and enforcements for role performance