MGT 315 Exam 2
disparate impact
A hotel in Florida has instituted a policy to hire individuals living in close proximity to the hotel premises to reduce instances of employees coming in late. As the area surrounding the hotel is predominantly populated with individuals of Hispanic origin, the Caucasian and African-American communities became underrepresented in the hotel's workforce. This is an example of Multiple Choice reverse discrimination. disparate impact. disparate treatment. reasonable accommodation. sexual harassment.
job characteristics theory
A theory that argues that five core characteristics (variety, identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback) combine to result in high levels of satisfaction with the work itself. - variety, identity, significance -> meaningfulness of work - autonomy -> responsibility for work - feedback -> knowledge of results
expectancy theory
A theory that describes the cognitive process employees go through to make choices among different voluntary responses - expectancy= possibility, effort -> performance - instrumentality = goal, performance -> outcome - valence = outcome is valuable
goal setting theory
A theory that views goals as the primary drivers of the intensity and persistence of effort - challenging and specific vs DO your best
burden of proof shifts to the defendant
According to the Civil Rights Act of 1991, once the plaintiff has made a prima facie disparate impact case, the Multiple Choice defendant is punished for engaging in discrimination. plaintiff is asked to present witnesses for his or her case. defendant is asked to pay punitive damages. burden of proof shifts to the defendant. defendant is freed from conviction for discrimination.
conjunctive
At Bark Shape industries, each employee has a workspace in which to debark logs used to make rustic homes and patio furniture. The policy is that everyone on a team must remain at his or her workstation until everyone has secured the logs they were working on. At the end of the shift, everyone on team C is ready to go home, but they are waiting on Felipe, who still has not secured his logs. Exceeding the time allocated in a shift hurts the production rating of a team. Team C is witnessing a(n) _____ task. Multiple Choice conjunctive disjunctive subtractive additive virtual
instrumentality
Blake is determined to finish a building project for Mr. Hicks before the deadline. Blake is certain that if he successfully performs this building project, Mr. Hicks will hire him as a permanent builder for his expanding condominium business. Blake's belief demonstrates Multiple Choice instrumentality. self-efficacy. complexity. expectancy. valence.
equity
Brandy has been given a great deal of opportunity to advance her career. She recently got a huge increase in authority and salary, and she was hired to do what she has always claimed was her dream job. However, Brandy is not enthusiastic about coming to work, and when she is there, she spends most of her time complaining about how Maurice got a bigger office and nicer furniture than she did. Brandy's behavior would seem to support _____ theory. Multiple Choice equity extrinsic expectancy goal setting psychological empowerment
conjunctive tasks
tasks for which the teams performance depends on the abilities of the weakest link are called
significance
the degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives of other people, particularly people in the world at large
groupthink
the drive toward conformity at the expense of other team priorities and is thought to be associated with feelings of overconfidence about the teams capabilities
significance
Greta is responsible for the organization and distribution of relief packages to nations affected by famine throughout the world. According to the job characteristics theory, Greta's job has a high degree of Multiple Choice variety. significance. autonomy. identity. feedback.
instrumentality
the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome
types of reinforcement
+ reinforcement: give good/ desirable - reinforcrement: take bad / undesirable + punishment: give bad / undesirable - punishment: take good / desirable
strong positive
Motivation has a _____ effect on job performance. Multiple Choice strong positive moderate positive weak positive moderate negative strong negative
intrinsic
Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is _____ motivation. Multiple Choice instrumental extrinsicI intrinsic expectant efficacious
surface level
_____ diversity refers to diversity regarding observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age. Multiple Choice Disjunctive Additive Surface-level Conjunctive Deep-level
facially neutral employment
lacks obvious discriminatory content yet affects one group to a greater extent than other groups, such as an employment test
job crafting
customization of who is worked with and what is done
job rotation
variety of tasks or jobs to be engaged in
content theories
what motivates us? Job characteristics theory
decrease pressure on HR practice
why is motivation important
responsibility for work
autonomy leads to what psychological state?
extrinsic motivation
desire to put forth work effort due to some contingency that depends on task performance
intrinsic motivation
desire to put forth work effort due to the sense that task performance serves as its own reward
equity theory
- acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people - create a mental ledger of the outcomes they receive - motivated by fairness and justice - compare ratio of inputs to output to others - equal vs over rewarded vs under rewarded
psychological states (of Job characteristics theory)
- meaningfulness of work - responsibility for work - knowledge of results
reinforcement theory
- operant conditioning presence of stimulus - positive: add a stimulus - negative: subtract a stimulus change in behavior - reinforcement: increase in behavior - punishment: decrease in behavior
job characteristics
- variety, identity, significance - autonomy - feedback
team will be less able to adapt to new situations
Charles is an accountant at a large firm. His boss has instituted a plan designed to create high levels of task interdependence. Which of the following is an example of a trade-off resulting from this plan? Multiple Choice The team will be less able to adapt to new situations. Charles will have less opportunity to interact with co-workers. Charles will have less time to complete tasks he is responsible for as an individual. Less knowledge will be shared among workers. Fewer people will understand how to do tasks outside their job description.
team members are instructed to take the perspective of their teammates
Deep-level diversity has positive effects on team creativity when Multiple Choice team members are instructed to take the perspective of their teammates. all team members are highly conscientious. there are no team members exhibiting individualistic roles. team size is more than 15 people. there are fewer than three fault lines in the team.
intrinsic
Enjoyment, interestingness, accomplishment, knowledge gain, skill development, and personal expression are __ outcomes, which foster ___ motivation
engage in affirmative action programs to hire and promote minorities
Executive Order 11246, signed by President Lyndon Johnson, required all federal contractors and subcontractors to Multiple Choice deny payments to private contractors based on the availability of money. pay taxes for the capital goods exported from other countries for operation. form and implement private laws that are consistent with the Constitution. engage in affirmative action programs to hire and promote minorities. refrain from exporting their services to projects in foreign countries.
mixed motive
In a _____ case, the defendant acknowledges that some discrimination may have occurred but argues that the same hiring decision would have been reached even ignoring the discrimination. Multiple Choice prima facie disparate impact reasonable accommodation quid pro quo mixed-motive
180
Individuals who feel they have been discriminated against must file a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) or a similar state agency within _____ days of the incident. Multiple Choice 30 60 180 270 365
greater commitment
Jamie owns a small sporting goods store. He has decided to aggressively pursue a policy to make sure employees feel a sense of equity in his store. What result is Jamie most likely going to see as a result of his push for equity? Multiple Choice greater commitment from his employees fewer citizenship behaviors from his employees huge improvement in employee task performance the elimination of merit-based compensation plans a slight increase in counterproductive employee behavior
Jason is not a certified welder
Jason, an African-American, and Robert, a Caucasian, both experienced welders, apply for two openings at Virgo Inc. Robert is hired and Virgo continues to look for candidates to fill the other position. Jason alleges racial discrimination by Virgo, but Virgo denies this. Which of the following statements would both negate Jason's case and support Virgo's case? Multiple Choice Virgo deals in building equipment that requires a certified welder and Jason is a certified welder. Virgo deals in building equipment that requires a certified welder and Robert is a certified welder. Virgo has had a history of discrimination. Virgo has never had a history of discrimination. Virgo deals in building equipment that requires a certified welder and Jason is not a certified welder.
groupthink
John F. Kennedy's decision to go forward with the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, NASA's decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger in unusually cold weather, and Enron's board of directors' decisions to ignore illegal accounting practices are famous examples of Multiple Choice noise. groupthink. team process. network structure. communication complexity.
making people write down ideas on their own
Nominal group technique decreases social loafing and production blocking—problems with brainstorming—by Multiple Choice making people pool their ideas in a face-to-face meeting. making people write down ideas on their own. discouraging bad ideas in the meeting. making people agree to one idea generated in a face-to-face meeting. making people speak in turns during all face-to-face meetings.
devils advocate
One way to potentially prevent problems associated with too much cohesion is to formally institute the role of a(n) _____, a person who is responsible for evaluating and challenging prevailing points of view in a constructive manner and also bringing in fresh perspectives and ideas to the team. Multiple Choice mediator arbitrator mental model devil's advocate conflict appraiser
make the goals specific
Rocco has been asked to set some effective goals for the workers in his sales department. Rocco wants to get the best performance out of his team that he can, because he is being evaluated on how well they do. How should Rocco go about determining the goals for his team? Multiple Choice allow the team to have autonomy and ownership by letting them set their own goals set the goals beyond what people can actually do, so they go above and beyond in trying keep the goals very broad and general, allowing them to evolve as market conditions fluctuate make the goals very specific, stating exactly how many sales he wants and when he wants them show his faith in the team by asking them to do their very best, because that's all he can ask of them
quid pro quo harassment
Sanjay is the manager at a restaurant and offers to promote Linda, a waitress at the same restaurant, in return for sexual favors. This is an example of Multiple Choice reasonable accommodation. glass ceiling. disparate treatment. prima facie. quid pro quo harassment
utilization
Sarah has been asked to compare the current workforce of her company with that of the available labor supply. She creates a spreadsheet with the columns "Race," "Ethnicity," and "Gender." She is doing a _____ analysis. Multiple Choice contingency matrix path goal differential utilization
hostile working environment
Saturn Inc., a large manufacturing firm, is a male-dominated organization. Julia, who works for Saturn, interacts predominantly with male employees, who frequently make sexist remarks. This is an example of Multiple Choice disparate treatment. disparate impact. glass ceiling. quid pro quo. a hostile working environment.
40
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 prohibits discrimination against employees over the age of Multiple Choice 30. 35. 40. 18. 15.
100
The EEOC analyzes EEO-1 reports to look for patterns of discrimination, especially in companies with a minimum of _____ employees. Multiple Choice 60 100 50 80 25
11
The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to keep records of deaths, injuries, and illnesses if the employers have _____ or more full-time or part-time employees. Multiple Choice 100 50 51 11 25
needs
The dimensions of psychological empowerment include all of these except Multiple Choice meaningfulness. self-determination. competence. impact. needs.
general duty clause
The main provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Act states that each employer should furnish each employee a place of employment free from recognized hazards that cause or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm. This is referred to as the Multiple Choice general duty clause. employer clause. employee clause. first aid clause. national consensus clause.
meaningfulness of work
Variety, Identity, Significance all lead to what psychological state?
equal employment opportunity commission
Which of the following agencies is responsible for enforcing Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, Equal Pay Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act? Multiple Choice U.S. Department of Commerce Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Office of Personnel Management
14th
Which of the following amendments is called the equal protection clause? Multiple Choice Fourteenth Amendment Sixteenth Amendment Eighteenth Amendment Twentieth Amendment Third Amendment
Min-jun
Which of the following examples of work involves the core job characteristic of identity? Multiple Choice Min-jun took two years to write a novel, from starting the first draft to getting it published. Malik works as a jack-of-all trades, which includes carpentry, plumbing, and yard work. Harry spends most his day driving from place to place, trying to sell appliances. Joan works as a therapist rehabilitating accident victims so they can walk again. Diego requires little supervision for his office work because it involves standardized forms.
Cosmetic disfigurement
Which of the following is considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act? Multiple Choice Cosmetic disfigurement Obesity Substance abuse Eye color Lefthandedness
debarment
Which of the following is the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs' most potent weapon and its last penalty? Multiple Choice Debarment General warning Right to sue letter Class-action suits Specific treatment if the OFCCP finds that contractors or subcontractors are not complying with an executive order, its representatives may notify the EEOC (if there is evidence that Title VII has been violated), advise the Department of Justice to institute criminal proceedings, request that the secretary of labor cancel or suspend any current contracts, and forbid the contractors or subcontractors from bidding on future contracts.
four fifths rule
Which of the following rules states that an employment test has disparate impact if the hiring rate for a minority group is less than 80 percent of the hiring rate for the majority group? Multiple Choice Standard deviation rule Mixed-motive rule Prima facie rule Four-fifths rule Business necessity rule
for there to be discrimination under disparate treatment, there has to be intentional discrimination. (Under disparate impact, intent is irrelevant
Which of the following statements is true of disparate treatment and disparate impact? Multiple Choice The discriminating individual's intent is irrelevant in disparate treatment. For there to be discrimination under disparate treatment, there has to be intentional discrimination. A selection practice that results in disparate impact is necessarily illegal in nature. The four-fifths rule for discrimination is not applicable to disparate impact. In a disparate impact case, the defendant is required to pay compensatory and punitive damages to the plaintiff.
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which of the following states that it is illegal for an employer to refuse to hire an individual or otherwise discriminate against this individual with respect to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin? Multiple Choice Unlawful Corporate Payments Act of 1977 Federal Employers' Liability Act Executive Order 11246 Executive Order 1148 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
floyd
Which scenario depicts an employee who experiences a high level of meaningfulness? Multiple Choice Don is a mechanic. He stays after work sometimes to look at tools and engines. On evenings and weekends, he goes to car shows and works on cars in his garage. Lloyd works in a leather tannery. He can come and go as he pleases and schedule orders as he wishes as long as he completes each week's orders on time. Floyd walks around his pet rescue, patting his employees on the back and reminding them they are improving the lives of animals and people. Becky leaves work early several days a week, but she still produces more sales and earns more money than anyone else on the sales force. Jimmy can put up drywall faster than anyone else on his crew, and customers say his work is the neatest they have ever seen.
task conflict
_____ can be beneficial to teams if it stimulates conversations that result in the development and expression of new ideas. Multiple Choice Task conflict Relationship conflict Noise Groupthink Social loafing
social loafing
___________ is the phenomenon occurring when members of a team exert less effort when working on team tasks than they would if they worked alone on those same tasks. Multiple Choice Groupthink Social loafing Self-serving bias Social facilitation Framing effect
motivation
a set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee, initiates work related effort, and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence
meaningfulness
captures the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a persons own ideals and passions
ability and motivation
effective job performance often requires high levels of ____ and ___-
knowledge of results
feedback leads to what psychological state?
process theories
how do things motivate us? - reinforcement theory - expectancy theory - goal setting theory - equity theory
job enrichment
increase challenge and skills utltized
job enlargement
increase the scope of job to include more tasks
outcome/ motivation (of Job characteristics theory)
intrinsic enjoyment of job
interventions to improve job characteristics
job rotation job enlargment job enrichment job crafting connect with beneficiaries
behavior
motivation affect _____ - direction: what are you doing? - intensity: how hard? - persistence: how long?
strong
motivation has ______ positive influence on performance
