MGT 331 Final Exam Review

What does ADR mean? What are three different methods of ADR?

ADR - Alternative Dispute Resolution Conciliation, Mediation, Arbitration

What does BATNA stand for?

Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement

How can you lessen fear and anxiety inherent in public speaking? (List three ideas)

Deep breaths, know your topic, get organized, don't fear a moment of silence.

Professional written communications should be CRISP. What does this mean?

Keeping the same message while using as minimal words as possible. No useless information.

What is task-specific self-efficacy?

Knowing you have the ability to perform certain tasks.

State what P = M x A x E means. What happens if one of these factors becomes deficient?

Performance = Motivation x Ability x Environment Performance decreases.

State what a resource is and identify (at least) two important resources.

Something a company can utilize to ensure the best performance out of that company. Employees, Customer Feedback.

All teams are groups; all groups are not teams. Why?

Team - a group of 2 or more people who share a common goal that must be achieved by collaboration among members. Groups - a group of 2 or more people

Identify the three components of organizational behavior:

The individual, organization, and the interface between them

Organizational behavior is defined as the study of three interrelated areas. What are the three areas?

The individual, organization, and the interface between them.

Identify the three components of organizational behavior.

The individual, the organization, and the interface between them

Why do conflicts develop in a business organization?

When in disagreement, one or more parties may begin using aggressive tactics.

What are the consequences of not addressing conflicts in a business organization?

Conflict could become worse and employees may not see you as a valuable resource.

Why does an organization's culture matter? How is it created and maintained?

Culture matters because it "sets the mood" for how the organization operates. It's created by upper level management by mission statement/values and maintained by lower level management reinforcing it through communication with the employees.

Organizational behavior can best be described as: a. Complex b. Simple c. Insignificant d. Effortless e. Confusing

a. Complex

Which of the following is a goal of a realistic job preview? a. Presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate b. Describing the job opportunity in the most positive light c. Presenting only negative information to the candidate d. Selling a candidate on the job and the company

a. Presenting both positive and negative information to the candidate

When each side sacrifices something in order to end the conflict, this is called __________ a.Competing b. Compromising c. Collaborating d. Avoiding

b. Compromising

What term refers to the degree to which employees have the authority to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems? a. Collaboration b. Empowerment c. Expectancy d. Job security e. Participation

b. Empowerment

Management by Objectives (MBO) and Objectives and Key Results (OKR) are two examples of the following: a. Task-specific self-efficacy b. Goal setting process c. Indirect compensation d. Customer service skills e. Delegation

b. Goal setting process

After WW1, organizations shifted their attention away from scientific management to understanding the role of ________ a. Gender and sexual harassment b. Human factors and psychology c. Religion and spirituality d. Managerial corruption e. Law and politics

b. Human factors and psychology

Which of the following is an organizational consequence of prolonged stress? a. People can actually become more productive b. People call in sick more often and quit their jobs c. People will take shorter lunch breaks to compensate d. People stop complaining about unimportant things

b. People call in sick more often and quit their jobs

What is the goal of brainstorming? a. Identify "mind guards" who can protect the group from adversity information b. Produce new ideas and solutions by stimulating group members' creativity c. Provide the resolution of a problem or decision d. Gather judgements from noted experts to help develop forecasts

b. Produce new ideas and solutions by stimulating group members' creativity

Angelina is trying to decide how large a group she should put together to address a fairly complex problem her company faces. Which of her following assumptions is correct? a. A large group will be the most efficient because members will set agendas and follow them. b. If Angelina chooses a larger group size, there's likely to be less social loafing and more productivity. c. A culturally similar group will get off to a smoother start and require less management attention. d. Complex problems are solved more effectively with homogenous groups due to lack of conflict.

c. A culturally similar group will get off to a smoother start and require less management attention.

Which of the following is true about global mindset? a. It is the ability to effectively communicate with, understand, and motivate individuals and groups b. It is an inherent personality trait c. It combines cultural intelligence and a multinational business orientation d. It is dependent upon the number of languages a person speaks

c. It combines cultural intelligence and a multinational business orientation

Which of the following statements explains why 360-degree feedback is highly beneficial to managers? a. It is performed more frequently than traditional methods of feedback b. It helps managers be more aware of their employees' day-to-day performance c. It gives managers a much wider range of feedback than traditional performance d. It is the easiest to administer and is the most cost-efficient form of appraisal e. The feedback focuses on objective performance criteria

c. It gives managers a much wider range of feedback than traditional performance

All of the following are examples of oral communication in organizations EXCEPT: a. A telephone call b. Discussing a task c. Sending a memo d. Reading a manual out loud to others e. A conversation on a cell phone

c. Sending a memo

What distinguishes a command group from an affinity group? a. A command group is permanent and has a formal reporting relationship. An affinity group is impermanent and meets whenever members choose to. b. A command group is impermanent and isn't required to report until its work Is done. An affinity group is permanent and each of its members has a special role. c. A command group is impermanent and has an informal reporting relationship. An affinity group is permanent but isn't really apart of the formal organization structure. d. A command group is relatively permanent and has a formal reporting relationship. An affinity group meets regularly but isn't really apart of the formal organizational structure.

d. A command group is relatively permanent and has a formal reporting relationship. An affinity group meets regularly but isn't really apart of the formal organizational structure.

After working in a fast food restaurant for three years to pay for college tuition, Amanda vowed to never work in a restaurant again. But after graduation, the only job offer she received was as a manager at a local restaurant. If Amanda accepts the job, it may result in ___________ dissonance. a. Attitudinal b. Behavioral c. Affective d. Cognitive e. Intentional

d. Cognitive

What type of communication occurs when top-level executives in an organization seek feedback from white-collar employees at all level of the organization? a. Upward b. Downward c. Horizontal d. Diagonal

d. Diagonal

Which of the following identifies post-decision dissonance? a. Staying with a decision even when it appears wrong b. More extreme post-discussion attitudes c. An innate belief about something without conscious consideration d. Doubt about a choice that has been made

d. Doubt about a choice that has been made

Which would NOT be included in designing an organization? a. Grouping activities and resources b. Determining staffing c. Providing vertical coordination of activities d. Evaluating employee performance e. Providing horizontal coordination of activities

d. Evaluating employee performance

Plans in which employees can earn additional compensation in return for certain types of performance are called: a. Performance management system b. Performance appraisal systems c. Base pay d. Incentive systems e. Compensation packages

d. Incentive systems

Developing new ways to hire and train employees and paying them higher wages can result in which of the following benefits? a. It can result in better communication with management b. It can result in fewer employees being needed c. It can result in reduced emphasis on global mindset d. It can result in better retention of employees

d. It can result in better retention of employees

Karson Photography Studios previously hired and managed its own custodial staff, but the company recently started contracting this work to a cleaning company. This is an example of: a. Corporate government b. Offshoring c. Insourcing d. Outsourcing e. Nearshoring

d. Outsourcing

Implementation of teams is a five-phase process. At one phase in the process, there is a danger that a team will become so internally focuses that it may stop communicating with other teams or even develop rivalries with other teams. At which step is this likely to occur? a. Reality and unrest b. Start-up c. Leader-centered d. Tightly formed

d. Tightly formed

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory identifies motivating factors for business organizations. Which of the following is a hygiene factor that management could control so that employees aren't dissatisfied with their jobs? a. Responsibility b. Advancement c. Recognition d. Working Conditions

d. Working Conditions

You disagree with your boss about a decision, and you're really frustrated. Which of the following strategies would work best to keep this conflict from escalating? a. You can avoid talking about the problem because it might lead to angry words. b.You can speak separately to other people involved in the conflict to get their support. c. You can document your boss's action in order to keep a paper trail for future use. d. You can focus on the outcomes you want rather than on your boss's actual position.

d. You can focus on the outcomes you want rather than on your boss's actual position.

Active listening can be demonstrated through: a. Engagement b. Intensity c. Empathy d. Acceptance e. All of the above

e. All of the above

_________ provides an organization an edge over rivals. a. Cultural privilege b. Monopoly c. Business bias d. Personal talent e. Competitive advantage

e. Competitive advantage

Which of the following is true about brainstorming? a. The number of ideas should be limited b. Ideas should be criticized and judge quickly c. Ideas should not be written down d. Implausible ideas should not be suggested e. None of these are correct

e. None of these are correct

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the nature of organizational behavior? a. An individuals expectations and goals b. Formal organizations policies and procedures c. The environment surrounding the organization d. The organization itself e. Product price levels

e. Product price levels

Which of the following allows organizations to reduce the amount of office space they own or rent and decreases employees' need to travel to an office outside of their home? a. Informal communication b. Formal communication c. Instant messaging d. Email e. Telecommunicating

e. Telecommunicating

Which term refers to similarities and differences among people, including those such as race, age, ethnicity, physical abilities and characteristics, and gender? a. Variety diversity b. Surface-level diversity c. Deep-level diversity d. Seperation diversity

b. Surface-level diversity

All of the following are features of group discussion that contribute to group discussion EXCEPT: a. Group members could take an extreme view of an opinion b. Task uncertainty can be impacted by the decision c. Persuasive arguments can encourage polarization d. Members will accept a more radical decision from their own e. Members may feel they are not individually responsible

b. Task uncertainty can be impacted by the decision

Organizations can usually benefit from conducting performance appraisals on an annual basis.

True

Power and authority are delegated as far down the chain of command as possible in a decentralized organization.

True

The purpose of reward systems in most organizations is to attract, retain, and motivate qualified employees.

True

The workplace is becoming increasingly diverse, which also raises ethical challenges.

True

Which of the following is NOT a method companies use to improve job design? a. Introducing a wider variety of tasks b. Raising pay for most standardized jobs c. Shifting employees from one job to another d. Giving employees more control over tasks e. None of these are correct

b. Raising pay for most standardized jobs

An assembly line is an example of this type of task interdependence: a. Diagonal b. Sequential c. Reciprocal d. Pooled e. Collaboration

b. Sequential

ADR processes include each of the following EXCEPT: a. Concilation b. Litigation c. Mediation d. Arbitration

b. Litigation

Avoidance conflict cultures have which of the following conflict management norms? a. Active b. Passive c. Dominant d. Disagreeable e. Strategic

b. Passive

Individual differences are personal attributes that vary from one person to another.

True

Nonverbal communication has a major impact on a recipient's understanding of meaning.

True

Why are conflicts in business organizations not addressed?

-Escalation -Ruins the environment

Meeting roles include the leader, facilitator, timekeeper, record keeper, and participant. Provide at least four behaviors of a successful participant.

-Give input -Engage in conversation -Provide feedback -Listen actively

Provide at least three suggestions for how a manager can de-escalate conflict.

1. Address each party separately 2. Compromise with each party 3. Explain how conflict has a negative impact on an organization

What are the seven steps of decision making?

1. State the issue 2. Weigh the criteria 3. Generate options 4. Evaluate options 5. Select the best option 6. Implement the option 7. Review decision

Workforce diversity only refers to observable similarities and differences among employees of an organization.

False

What makes an effective organization?

An effective organization reinforces a stable culture and a positive work environment. People are satisfied, more productive, and motivated to complete the tasks they're assigned in order to benefit the company.

Provide three examples of external environmental factors which may impact an organization.

Customer, Competition, International Affairs

Describe "media richness" and provide examples of low, moderate, and high richness.

Define: the ability to portray a message through a certain piece of media. Low = written letter Moderate = telephone High = video chat

Identify two functions with Human Resources Management.

Employee relations and Recruitment

A manager with strong technical skills has the ability to think in the abstract.

False

Decision rules are used to make nonprogrammer decisions.

False

Dysfunctional conflict balances the interests of both parties to maximize mutual gains.

False

Frederick Taylor, the father of scientific management, believed people were motivated by the opportunity to contribute to the workplace.

False

Innovation and organization culture are not generally related.

False

Integrative negotiation attempts to combine relationship issues (such as emotions and misconceptions) with substantive issues as work towards an agreement.

False

Providing the best customer support before, during, and after a sale can create goodwill with customers, but it is not likely to give an organization a competitive advantage.

False

Supervisors can most easily manage their employees' motivation, but it is more difficult to manage employee' abilities or their environment.

False

Supervisors can not easily manage their employees' motivation, but it is more difficult to manage their employees' abilities or their environment.

False

The grapevine form of communication has no management value.

False

The rational decision-making process assumes that managers follow an unsystematic, random process when evaluating alternatives.

False

When an organization's enacted values contradict its exposed values. new employees adopt the espoused values.

False

In the workplace, stress can sometimes be a positive factor.

True

Describe the concept of fit, as it relates to the workplace. Identify two of the four different types of fit and what they mean in the workplace setting.

Fit - a sense of belonging within the organization. -Job Fit (am I right for the job?) -Group Fit (do I fit in with my coworkers?)

How does the changing environment impact organizations?

For example, if there's something bad happening over in the Middle East, that can cause an increase in gas prices. In turn, that can possibly eliminate the demand for fast food delivery because now they can't afford gas.

Identify four basic structures which may be used for an organizational chart.

Functional, Divisional, Matrix, and Flat

Identify at least two primary purposes of an organizational chart.

Gives a visual of the chain of command. Can encourage an employee to be motivated ("I want to be in that position one day").

Why might a highly motivated person perform poorly?

Lack of interest in the task. Although the overall job may be satisfactory, they may not like the task as much OR they may not feel a sense of inclusion within the organization.

How do you apply the four management functions to lead a business meaning? (Identify the management functions and provide an example of each for business meeting leadership)

Plan - when is the meeting going to be held? Organize - how will the meeting be structured? Lead - hold the meeting/stay on topic Control - how did the meeting go?

Define Management:

The planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the efficient and effective allocation and utilization of resources to obtain certain goals and objectives for added value.

Define Management.

The planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the efficient and effective utilization and allocation of resources to obtain certain goals and objectives for added value.

Define Communication -- provide examples of at least two barriers to successful communication.

The process of relaying a desired message from one person to another for shared understanding. Barriers: Noise, body language, visual distractions.

What are the purposes of rewards in employment?

They motivate employees while increasing retention and decreasing absenteeism.

A group is homogeneous if the members are similar in one or more ways that are critical to the work of the group.

True

A manager with strong conceptual skills has the ability to think in the abstract.

True

According to reinforcement theory, if rewards are removed from behaviors thet were previously reinforced, the behaviors are likely to decrease in frequency, and eventually will disappear.

True

An organizational chart illustrates the chain of command and reporting relationships in a company.

True

Communication and trust are essential for good leadership.

True

Cultural diversity can enhance synergy in an organization.

True

Empathy, managing emotions, and social skills are component of emotional intelligence.

True

Extended work schedules require employees to work extended periods of time followed by long periods of paid time off.

True

Globalization is a major part of the changing environment of business.

True

In order for goals that are difficult to attain to motivate behavior, they must be set at realistic levels.

True

Far Horizons. Inc has experience a lot of absenteeism and turnover among employees, particularly among ethnic and religious minorities. Management decided to implement several policies to better reflect its values of nondiscrimination and respect for everyone. Which of the following steps could it take to create a culture of inclusion? a. Adjust working hours to accommodate workers' personal needs. b. Give everyone the week off between Christmas and New Year's Day. c. Survey customers on social media about their perceptions of organizational culture. d. Explain to employees why they need to be kind and respectful.

a. Adjust working hours to accommodate workers' personal needs

Delegating authority consists of: a. Assigning responsibility, granting authority, and creating accountability b. Establishing mission and values for the organization c. Determining strategic short-term and long-term plans d. Learning about diversity, ethics, and globalization

a. Assigning responsibility, granting authority, and creating accountability

Which of the following is an early perspective on motivation that suggested fostering a false sense of employees' inclusion in decision making would boost job performance? a. Human relations approach b. Frederick Taylor's approach c. Human resource approach d. Scientific management e. None of these are correct

a. Human relations approach

If you decide to take a break and go for a hike in order to focus less consciously on the creative process, which stage in the creative process are you experiencing? a. Incubation b. Preparation c. Verification d. Insight

a. Incubation

Which of the following is NOT a type of resource organizations use when pursuing corporate goals and objectives? a. Invisible b. Information c. Human d. Financial e. Physical

a. Invisible

What term refers to the encoded information of the communication process? a. Message b. Decoding c. Channel d. Feedback

a. Message

What term refers to employer and employee expectations about the employment relationship that go beyond the formal employment contract and are not explicitly stated? a. Psychological contract b. Emotional intelligence c. Prenuptial agreement d. Emotional contract e. Informed consent

a. Psychological contract

You are worried about some of the costs associated with shifting to a team approach. Which of the following factors is a legitimate reason? a. Some employees may feel concerned that their jobs are in jeopardy. b. It can be hard to attract younger workers, who tend to prefer workplaces with traditional manager-based systems. c. Teams lake a fair amount of work but have a relatively short lifespan. d. Managers may take their desirable new skills as coaches to a competitor.

a. Some employees may feel concerned that their jobs are in jeopardy.

The Delphi Technique is a method that allows people to _______. a. Systematically gather the judgements of experts to develop forecasts b. Analyze the benefits of situations, phenomena, or events c. Generate ideas and then discuss them and vote until reaching consensus d. See differences among situations, phenomena, or events

a. Systematically gather the judgements of experts to develop forecasts

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic reasons for the rise in the volume of international business? a. The ease with which companies can obtain financing b. A need to control labor costs by moving operations overseas c. A desire to keep pace with competitors gaining market share d. Advances in communication and transportation technologies

a. The ease with which companies can obtain financing

Which of the following conditions is NOT true for virtual organizations? a. They tend to be very simple b. They can exist without a permanent physical office c. Companies gain competitive advantages from them d. Career paths can be challenging for virtual employees

a. They tend to be very simple

What term refers to a repeated mistreatment of another employee through verbal abuse? a. Workplace bullying b. Machiavellianism c. Sexual harassment d. Organizational politics e. None of the above

a. Workplace bullying

Studies show that listening to employees and building trust with them does what? a. Increases the number of product lines b. Improves the organization's earnings c. Decreases the number of product lines d. Lowers prices e. Raises prices

b. Improves the organization's earnings

Age-based diversity is: a. Non beneficial to organizations, since different age groups do not work well together b. A major issue affecting organizations since there is a large increase in older workers c. Difficult to achieve in the workplace, since older people rarely look for work d. An issue organizations experienced in the past, but it is not impacting them today e. Not a goal for organizations today, since there is little value of this type of diversity

b. A major issue affecting organizations since there is a large increase in older workers

Age-based diversity is: a. Not beneficial to organizations, since different age groups do not work well together b. A major issue affecting organizations since there is a large increase in older workers c. Difficult to achieve in the workplace, since older people rarely look for work d. An issue organizations experienced in the past, but it is not impacting them today e. Not a goal for organizations today. since there is little value of this type of diversity

b. A major issue affecting organizations since there is a large increase in older workers

Decision making is the process of: a. Finding the answer to a question b. Choosing one alternative from among several c. Staffing positions within the organization hierarchy d. Motivating employees to pursue organizational goals e. Fixing problems that arise in the operations of the business

b. Choosing one alternative from among several

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the nature of conflict? a. Conflict must be manages correctly b. Conflict is inherently destructive c. Conflict can increase employee commitment d. Conflict can undermine decision quality

b. Conflict is inherently destructive

Derek serves on the board of directors for a furniture company. He is also the CEO of a timber company attempting to secure a contract with the furniture company. What situation does this example represent? a. Expedited payments b. Conflict of interest c. Corporate social responsibility d. Environmental intelligence

b. Conflict of interest

Which of the following represents the step of rational decision-making approach in which the outcomes of the decision are compare to the desired goal? a. Analyze the decision b. Control: measure and adjust c. Determing the goal d. Collect data e. Analyze the situation

b. Control: measure and adjust

You have been hired as a CEO of a new company focuses on providing home health services. What could you do to establish a strong and positive organizational structure? a. Let the culture develop organically b. Craft organizational vision, values, and goals c. Embrace the company's enacted values and norms d. Delegate to subordinates the power to maintain culture

b. Craft organizational vision, values, and goals

After WWI, organizations shifted their attention away from scientific management to understanding the role of ___________. a. Gender and sexual harassment b. Human factors and psychology c. Religion and spirituality d. Managerial competition e. Law and politics

b. Human factors and psychology

According to the goal-setting theory, which of the following strategies is NOT likely to result in improved performance? a. Establishing goals that will encourage worker acceptance b. Setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures c. Setting goals that are challenging and require effort d. Holding employees accountable for goals they were involved in setting

b. Setting unspecified goals so that workers can establish their own measures

Which of the following statements describes the "Big Five" personality traits? a. They are dimensions which determine if someone is considered Type A or Type B b. They are dimensions that represent fundamental personality traits c. They are identical to the Myers-Brigg indicators d. They are considered poor predictors of employee behaviors e. They are not applicable in most employment settings

b. They are dimensions that represent fundamental personality traits

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the difference between decision making and problem solving? a. When making a decision, you must evaluate various outcomes in terms of a goal. b. When solving a problem, you must choose from among various alternatives. c. When solving a problem, you must find the answer to a question. d. When making a decision, you must choose from various alternatives.

b. When solving a problem, you must choose from among various alternatives.

Which of the following should NOT be delegated? a. Something the manager enjoys doing b. Something that takes a lot of time but has little impact c. A hot potato d. Something the manager might do poorly because of the lack of time e. All of the above

c. A hot potato

4. Motivation is best described as: a. High performance b. Efficient behavior c. A willingness to exert high levels of effort d. Being told to exert high levels of effort e. Individual abilities

c. A willingness to exert high levels of effort

Collaborate conflict cultures have which of the following conflict management norms? a. Dominating b. Passive c. Agreeable d. Disagreeable e. strategic

c. Agreeable

What is "noise"? a. People talking during an oral presentation b. Roommate playing loud music while you are studying c. Anything that disrupts the communication process d. The dog barking next door

c. Anything that disrupts the communication process

This management skill involves the ability to think in the abstract and to see cause and effect relationships: a. Technical b. Human c. Conceptual d. Delegating

c. Conceptual

A homogenous group tends to be less productive than a heterogenous group in situations where: a. Cooperation is needed b. Group tasks are simple c. Creativity is required d. Group tasks are sequential e. Quick action is required

c. Creativity is required

Which of the following is NOT an element of managing an organization's culture? a. Teaching the organization culture b. Taking advantage of the existing culture c. Criticizing the current culture d. Changing the culture

c. Criticizing the current culture

Assignment of tasks to an individual is: a. Coordination b. Organizing c. Delegation d. Responsibility

c. Delegation

David is self-aware, manages his emotions, expresses empathy for others, and possesses social skills. He has high _________. a. Internal locus of control b. General mental ability c. Emotional intelligence d. Self-efficacy

c. Emotional intelligence

Given current demographic trends, which of the following is NOT a strategy companies would use to gain a competitive advantage through promoting diversity? a. Put women in top management b. Utilize reverse mentoring c. Encourage older workers to retire d. Create heterogenous teams

c. Encourage older workers to retire

What makes job specialization difficult to implement, even though it seems as if it would be highly effective? a. Increased demands placed on each worker b. High level of expertise required to fulfill each task c. Monotony associated with each task d. High cost of dividing labor among tasks e. Lower costs for training

c. Monotony associated with each task

Motivated behavior begins with one or more: a. Wants b. People c. Needs d. Behaviors e. Motives

c. Needs

Conflict is most likely to escalate due to _____________. a. A high degree of task interdependence b. The uncertainty associated with change c. One party involved using aggressive tactics d. Differences in people's value or world views

c. One party involved using aggressive tactics

According to Herzberg, once a state of no dissatisfaction has been reached: a. A manager's increase attention to motivation factors will not be effective b. The employee will be motivated to achieve but some attention from managers can increase motivation further c. The employee will naturally be satisfied so managers need not focus on employees' individual needs d. Further attempts to enhance motivation via the hygiene factors will not be effective e. The manager should strive to create a feeling of equity among all employees

d. Further attempts to enhance motivation via the hygiene factors will not be effective

The human resource approach to motivation assumes that: a. Employees will achieve their security needs b. Illusory employee contributions are valuable c. Employees are economically motivated d. Meaningful employee contributions are valuable e. None of these are correct

d. Meaningful employee contributions are valuable

During the ______ phase of team implementation, managers have withdrawn from the daily operations and are counseling teams. a. Tightly formed teams b. Start-up c. Leader-centered teams d. Self-managing teams e. Reality and unrest

d. Self-managing teams

________ ties refer to relationships with coworkers, bosses, and others we know because of the roles we hold a. Lateral b. Horizontal c. Diagonal d. Informal e. Formal

e. Formal