MGT 410 Exam 1
Leadership
leadership deals with the interpersonal aspects of a manager's job, whereas planning, organizing, and controlling deal with the administrative aspects. Leadership deals with change, inspiration, motivation, and influence.
coersive power
power that comes from the ability to punish
initiating structure
the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks
Which of the following is a means by which a leader can instill a desire for customer service and quality and foster feelings of proprietorship and involvement in group members?
Emphasis on ethical leadership
Empowerment
You identify skilled and motivated team members and provide them with the recourses to initiate and manage new projects
Personalized Power Motive
Do not worry about everybody liking them because they recognize that when one acquires power one acquires enemies
moral identity
A self-regulatory mechanism rooted in a person's sense of what is right and wrong
Emotional Intelligence
Uses relationship management to effectively disarm conflicts and has the ability to build strong personal bonds
Team Builder
A key aspect of a leader's role is to build an effective team. Activities contributing to this role include: 1. ensuring that team members are recognized for their accomplishments, such as through letters of appreciation 2. initiating activities that contribute to group morale, such as giving parties and sponsoring sports teams 3. holding periodic staff meetings to encourage team members to talk about their accomplishments, problems, and concerns
Which attitude or behavior is recommended to successfully lead a business through crisis?
A leader should provide employees with opportunities to talk about what happened, such as holding group meetings to discuss the crisis or arranging for grief counseling.
Which of the following does not meet Jim Collins's criteria for an inspirational vision statement?
"To create a sustainable, just world without poverty"
Negotiator
1. bargaining with superiors for funds, facilities, equipment, or other forms of support 2. bargaining with other units in the organization for the use of staff, facilities, equipment, or other forms of support 3. bargaining with suppliers and vendors for services, schedules, and delivery times 4. bargaining with job candidates about starting compensation and benefits
Management Openness
A set of leadership behaviors particularly relevant to subordinates' motivation to voice their opinion
Fiedler's Contingency Theory
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership effectiveness, leadership effectiveness depends on matching leaders to situations in which they can exercise more control. A leader should therefore be placed in a situation that is favorable to, or matches, his or her style. Jeremy is a task-oriented leader who has difficulty boosting morale and forming relationships with all team members, and he believes that he should lead team members that need task-related guidance, as this is where his strengths lie.
Amy, a team leader at a consumer goods industry, gives her team members optimistic and constructive feedback and acknowledges individual contributions. In this scenario, Amy is encouraging group member development by _____.
providing supportive leadership
Celebrity Charismatic
public stances to improve their own standing
Edward, an executive of a global retail store, often takes deliberate steps to create a strong, favorable effect on his group members. He is always professionally dressed and works hard to build positive visions for his team members. This is an example of:
successful impression management
Consideration
the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, and supportive and shows concern for employees
Legitimate Power
the power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the formal hierarchy of an organization
T or F... According to Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership Effectiveness, leadership style is a relatively permanent aspect of behavior that is difficult to change.
True... According to Fiedler, leadership style is a relatively permanent aspect of behavior and thus difficult to modify. Leaders are regarded as having a consistent style of task or relations orientation.
Charismatic leaders deliberately engage in impression management because they believe _____.
that the perceptions of constituents determine whether they function as charismatic leaders
Which of the following is true of a pyramid-shaped organization structure?
d. Each successive layer wields less power than the layer above.
Types of Leaders
Entrepreneurial, democratic, Servant, Autocratic
Audrey is the CEO of a technology firm. She prefers an affluent lifestyle and craves more prestige and power. She spends her money extravagantly, throwing big lavish parties every month. Which of the following motives best describes Audrey's characteristic?
Personalized power motive
When Timothy A. Judge and Ronald F. Piccolo evaluated the impact of three styles of leadership based on six criteria, including job satisfaction and job performance of both leaders and followers, _____ leadership showed the highest overall relationships.
transformational
Deontological principle of reversibility
which evaluates the ethics of a decision by reversing the decision maker.
Fiedler's Contingency theory
In situations with high control or low control leaders with task motivated style are more effective.
Michelle, an auditor, firmly believes in honesty and always presents the real findings of auditing processes assigned to her. She continues to be honest despite pressures from her superiors to manipulate results. Which ethical characteristic does Michelle possess?
Integrity
Which of the following is a disadvantage of displaying an in-your-face attitude?
It could bring many detractors
Which statement is true of developing an ethical mind?
It begins with the belief that retaining an ethical compass is essential to the health of an organization.
Which of the following is regarded as a useful tool for getting people to embrace change by capturing their attention?
Storytelling
Practical Intelligence
Street Smart who relies on experiences to adapt to environment
Entreprenuer
Although not self-employed, managers who work in large organizations have some responsibility for suggesting innovative ideas or furthering the business aspects of the firm. Three entrepreneurial leadership role activities are: 1. reading trade publications and professional journals to keep up with what is happening in the industry and profession 2. talking with customers or others in the organization to keep aware of changing needs and requirements 3. getting involved in situations outside the unit that could suggest ways of improving the unit's performance, such as visiting other firms, attending professional meetings or trade shows, and participating in educational programs
Socialized Power Motive
Are less defensive and more willing to accept advice than those with personalized power motives
Maxwell, a CEO, is known for his spontaneous style of leadership. Every week, he takes time off from his work schedule to personally meet the employees of the company to hear their ideas and opinions. Which of the following traits best describes Maxwell's approach?
Authenticity
What does Julian Barling's research indicate about the relationship heredity and environment in leadership potential?
Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to leadership emergence and leadership behavior.
Carlos prides himself on being able to hire skilled team members and then letting them take initiative and responsibility for their tasks. He sets high standards for each of his employees. John has been on Carlos's team for 6 months and feels that he is not competent enough and, therefore, becomes less motivated. According to the path-goal theory of leadership effectiveness, what would be the best course of action in helping John?
Carlos should listen to and encourage John and also coach John to accomplish tasks.
Which statement is true of corporate social responsibility?
Company leaders should work with suppliers to improve physical and mental working conditions.
Assertiveness
Confront group members about their mistakes and are capable of making legitimate demands on higher management
Grace is a finance manager at her firm. She wants to make a decision based on the inputs of her group members and their agreement. Which participative leadership style should Grace use?
Consensus
Which type of leadership is based on the belief that leaders are most effective when they make their behavior dependent on situational forces, including group member characteristics?
Contingency approach to leadership
George, a senior manager in a company, appears to be fair and reasonable when deciding on salary increases and bonuses for his employees. He tries to create an impression of being a good leader who cares for his employees. Which level of moral development is shown by George in the given example?
Conventional level
Which suggestion paves the way for an effective 360-degree survey?
Customize the assessment dimensions based on the leadership competencies that are associated with success in one's organization.
Decision Making Styles (Normative Decision Model)
Delegate, Decide, Facilitate, and Consult
Craig, a businessman, obtains confidential information on one of his rival companies. The information, if misused, could possibly destroy his rivals. Craig considers what he would advise his son to do if he was in a similar situation. In the given scenario, Craig demonstrates which ethical principle or concept?
Deontological principle of reversibility
Which behavior or attitude is considered task-oriented?
Direction setting
Which behaviors are typical of a servant leader?
Displays honest and ethical behavior and is willing to help out wherever needed
When deadlines are nearer, Roger assigns tasks and methods to accomplish them to his subordinates rather than giving them authority to choose on their own. He does this because he has found that when timelines are short, empowerment is less effective than delegation. In this scenario, Roger is practicing which type of leadership?
Evidence-based
Personalized Charismatic
Expects their team to meet extremely tight deadlines because their productivity improves the chances of being promoted
T or F... Leaders will build strong relationships with their team by being consistent in their leadership style and approaching all employees in an equal manner.
False-Leaders establish high-quality relationships with team members when they vary their style to meet the needs of each subordinate rather than treat every employee in the same manner
Jeremy is an effective leader who is capable of helping his subordinates complete their tasks. However, he is considered intimidating by some of his team members and is often unable to boost the group's morale. Jeremy feels that since his strengths are task oriented, management should place him as the leader of team members who need task-related guidance. Jeremy is a strong believer of which leadership theory or approach?
Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership effectiveness
Achievement Motive
Find Joy in accomplishment for its own sake. they tens to moderate risks that can be handled through their own efforts
Which leader is adopting a relationship-oriented behavior or attitude?
George motivates his team members by satisfying their needs for recognition and self-esteem.
Tom is considered to be skilled at adopting task-related attitudes and behaviors to effectively manage his team. Which of his behaviors is most likely the reason for this impression by his team?
He adapts to any situation as required by circumstances
Guidelines of Evaluating the ethics of a decision
How does it smell? --- A persons intuition and common sense Is it Right? --- Deontological Theory of Ethics Who Gets Hurt?-- The utilitarian notion of attempting to go the greatest good for the greatest number of people Is it Fair? Deontological Theory of Justice
Executer
In carrying out the executor role, the leader makes things happen, often helping translate plans into action. Parts of this role include: translating strategy into action, such as helping develop action plans making change happen holding people accountable to ensure that productive work is accomplished
Technical Problem Solver
It is particularly important for supervisors and middle managers to help team members solve technical problems. Two activities contributing to this role are: serving as a technical expert or adviser, such as helping the group make optimum of social marketing to promote the company performing individual contributor tasks on a regular basis, such as making sale calls or repairing machinery
Which of the following is a consequence of attribution of charisma to leaders?
It leads to other behavioral outcomes in group members.
Which of the following is an advantage of the trait approach?
It tells us which traits are absolutely needed in which leadership situations.
Which example illustrates whistleblowing?
Jacob reports questionable accounting practices in his company to a government officer.
Joshua, the head of a technology firm, decides to announce bonuses for his staff members following an increase in the firm's profit margins. The predetermined date of the bonus announcement coincides with a deadly storm rendering several people homeless and starving. Joshua understands that the time is not appropriate for making such an announcement given the grave situation. In this scenario, Joshua's decision exhibits _____.
Practical Intelligence
is the ability to control one's emotions, for example, by not shouting even when one is angry.
Self-management
Karen's team is assigned a new project that is stressful and dissatisfying. As a result, her group members are unsure of themselves and lose motivation. When she realizes this, Karen takes steps to boost their morale, as she is concerned about their well-being. According to the path-goal theory of leadership effectiveness, which style of leadership should Karen assume?
Supportive
Which action is the best accepted principle of crisis leadership?
Take decisive action to remedy the situation
Which is an advantage of practicing high corporate social responsibility?
The ability to attract high-quality employees
According to Jay A. Conger, which of the following has replaced the era of managing by dictate?
The era of leadership by inspiration
Trustworthiness
Their team members have confidence in the leaders intentions and motives in the sincerity of the leaders word
Authentic leaders are like to display which characteristic?
a. They have a deep commitment to their growth and also that of other stakeholders.
In order to reduce cell phone usage in the office, a manager plans to send out a memo to all the employees. Which of the following statements should the manager use in the memo in order to be considered politically correct?
b. "We request our employees to refrain from using cell phones on the work floor."
_____ includes behaviors directed at enhancing one's image by drawing attention to oneself.
b. Impression management
Which of the following is a reason delegation is considered narrower than empowerment?
b. It deals with a specific task.
A management trainee at an organization with a pyramid structure is unhappy with the way he is treated by his immediate supervisor. Instead of discussing this privately with his supervisor, he complains directly to the senior manager. What is the type of political blunder committed here?
b. bypassing the boss
Roger is an executive of a multinational tractor manufacturing company. While representing the company at conferences and meetings, he employed an inspiring way of narrating how the company's product helped in mechanizing farms in developing countries and highlighted the benefits to farmers in those countries. This technique is called _____.
leadership by storytelling
After suffering a loss in revenue, the accounting department of a large firm gains importance in determining critical financial policies for the upcoming year. This is best classified as power stemming from
capitalizing on opportunity.
Which of the following techniques of gaining power is most likely to be considered devious?
d. Setting a person up for failure
Path- Goal Theory
A Manager should choose a leadership style that takes into account the characteristics of the group members and the demands of the task
Which behavior is typical of the entrepreneurial personality?
Acting quickly when opportunity arises
Adrian, the owner of a food product export company, must rebuild the image of the company because of unethical practices by some senior employees. These activities resulted in huge layoffs and loss of customers for the company. The trust of shareholders also deteriorated. Which action should Adrian avoid if he wants to make his company ethically and socially responsible?
Impose penalties on whistle-blowers
Sadie hires a new manager. In a couple of weeks, she receives reports that the new manager often plays favorites and does not act in a trustworthy manner. However, since Sadie was the one to hire the new manager, she overlooks these flaws because acknowledging them would reflect that she made a hiring mistake. In this scenario, Sadie's behavior reflects which concept?
Motivated blindness
Resilience and Tenacity Motive
Motive that allows leaders to bounce back from major setbacks in their careers through continuous effort
Michael quits his job to start his own venture. He believes that he has all the qualities required to be a successful entrepreneur. However, his employees are unhappy with the way the organization functions and feel that he lacks the abilities to be a successful entrepreneur.Which behavior would you suggest Michael incorporate in order to be a successful entrepreneur?
Possess a keen eye for future deals and business opportunities
Fran, the head of exports management at a textile manufacturing firm, was asked in a formal meeting with the CEO why her department was unable to meet its quarterly target. During the meeting, Fran stayed calm and in control and put forth her reasons in an unambiguous manner. This exhibits that Fran is a _____ leader.
Self-Confident
Michelle is the marketing manager at an automobile manufacturing firm. When the marketing team faced criticism for poor performance, she felt that her complacent nature was responsible for the poor results. Which of the following traits of core self-evaluations is being captured in this scenario?
Self-esteem
self-leadership
Set major milestones for your team and trust that they are capable of monitoring their own progress
Which of the following is a rationale for referring to conceptual thinkers as systems thinkers?
They understand how the external environment influences an organization.
According to Jim Collins, which of the following elements is most likely to contribute to the creation of an inspirational vision statement?
Timeless core values
Tilsiter Inc., a highly profitable industrial group with a large number of businesses, decides to start wastewater treatment plants in various locations as part of its social responsibility initiatives. The firm's management feels that this initiative would be highly profitable and also generate many employment opportunities. Which concept is illustrated in this scenario?
Virtuous circle
Normative Decision Model
When development of group members is a high priority the leader or manager relies more on the group to make a decision even if the process is time consuming
Spokesperson
the emphasis is on answering letters or inquiries and formally reporting to individuals and groups outside the manager's direct organizational unit. As a spokesperson, the managerial leader keeps five groups of people informed about the unit's activities, plans, capabilities, and possibilities (vision): 1.Upper-level management 2. clients or customers 3. other important outsiders such as labor union 4. professional colleagues
Cognitive Intelligence
A leader who is good at analyzing and solving problems in his or her area of expertise
Alex, the regional head of a tractor manufacturing company, is unhappy with the sales performance in the previous quarter. Alex says to his employees, "The company's performance has been declining over the previous two quarters. We must work together to raise our performance levels and achieve better targets in the coming quarter." Which of the following traits best describes Alex's stance?
Assertivness
Leadership vs Management
In short, the difference between leadership and management is one of emphasis. Effective leaders also manage, and effective managers also lead.
Reward power
Incentives
Which statement is true according to the leader-member exchange theory?
Leaders are more likely to empower group members with whom they have a high-quality exchange.
Conceptual Thinking
Leaders who exhibit this trait have the ability to see the overall perspective and understand how the external environment influence the organization and how different parts of the organization influence each other
_____ is the most likely factor that explains why some people who attain power act out of self-interest, whereas others with power act in the interest of others.
Moral Identity
Alex, the regional head of a tractor manufacturing company, is unhappy with the sales performance in the previous quarter. Alex says to his employees, "The company's performance has been declining over the previous two quarters. We must work together to raise our performance levels and achieve better targets in the coming quarter." Which of the following traits best describes Alex's stance?
Proactive
Team manager Sara considers her subordinate Ethan a member of her in-group. Weyland, another member of Sara's team, does not have high quality exchanges with Sara. Ethan and Weyland are equally good at their job, and their objective performances are equal. Given this information, according to the conclusions of the leader-member exchange theory, how will Sara most likely rate the performance of Ethan and Weyland?
Rate Ethan higher than Weyland
According to the path-goal theory of leadership effectiveness, in which situations would an achievement-oriented style be most appropriate?
When team members are motivated to succeed and assume responsibility When leading team members who are working on ambiguous and non-repetitive tasks
Frederick, a new manager, is faced with the task of estimating the timeline for completion of a project. Which action should he take if he decides to follow the evidence-based leadership approach?
Use the methods that have proven to be effective in similar situations
Which statement is true about gender differences in leadership style
Women are more likely to choose a relationship-oriented leadership style than their male counterparts.
Joey wants his entry-level employees to feel that they can act independently and make decisions to help in the firm's growth. However, Joey is aware that some empowering activities can actually create dysfunction. Which of the following activities should Joey allow his entry-level employees to engage in independently?
d. He should provide ample work-related information to all his employees.
Jacob, the sales head of LyfCare Inc., a life insurance provider, is considered to be a very organized and disciplined leader by his employees, thereby scoring high on the scale of initiating structure. This impression likely stems from which of Jacob's workplace behaviors?
Jacob ensures that team members are utilized to the best of their abilities.
Figurehead
Leaders, particularly high-ranking managers, spend some part of their time engaging in ceremonial activities, or acting as a figurehead. Four specific behaviors fit the figurehead role of a leader: 1. entertaining clients or customers as an official representative of the organization 2. making oneself available to outsiders as a representative of the organization 3. serving as an official representative of the organization at gatherings outside the organization 4. escorting official visitors
Diane works as a sales manager at Timothy Inc., a manufacturer of consumer goods. Despite Diane's consistent contributions, dedication, and enthusiasm, the sales team performs poorly. After a few months of poor performance, Diane realizes that the team members are not working to the best of their abilities and are rather inefficient. Which of the following should Diane do to revive the sales performance?
She should be assertive in expressing demands, opinions, feelings, and attitudes in a forthright manner.
Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate leadership style. The organizational culture influences which leadership style will be tolerated and effective. A friendly, collaborative culture calls for more of a(n) CONSENSUS style of leadership. In contrast, in a perform-or-perish culture, a more DIRECTIVE leadership style will be effective.
There is no one best or most effective leadership style. Apart from situational and cultural factors, the organizational culture also influences which leadership style will be tolerated and effective. A friendly, collaborative culture calls for more of a consensus style of leadership. In contrast, in a perform-or-perish culture, a more directive or autocratic leadership style will be effective.
Resilience
When faced with a set back leaders will tenaciously work with their team to fix the problems to bounce back instead of giving up
Coach and Motivator
An effective leader takes the time to coach and motivate team members, and sometimes to inspire large groups of people inside the organization. This role includes five specific behaviors: 1. informally recognizing team members' achievements 2. providing team members with feedback concerning ineffective performance 3. ensuring that team members are informed of steps that can improve their performance 4. implementing rewards and punishments to encourage and sustain good performance 5. inspiring people through such means as being charismatic, creating visions, telling interesting stories, and being highly ethical
Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Mangers are more likely to act as a servant leaders toward subordinates with whom they have high quality exchanges
Lowell is an operations supervisor at a manufacturing plant. A major fire at the plant halted operations for two weeks. When the plant became operational again, Lowell encouraged workers to return to their normal schedules to restore purpose to their lives. In this scenario, which crisis leadership attribute is displayed by Lowell?
Reestablishing the usual work routine
Team Player
Related to the team-builder role is that of the team player. Three behaviors of team players are: 1. displaying appropriate personal conduct 2. cooperating with other units in the organization 3. displaying loyalty to superiors by fully supporting their plans and decisions
Francis, a customer service executive, always greets his customers courteously and tries to make them as comfortable as possible. Which ethical leadership behavior is Francis exhibiting?
Respect for an individual
Strategy Developer
Top-level managers develop strategy, usually assisted by input from others throughout the organization. Carrying out the strategy developer role enables the manager to practice strategic leadership. The strategist role is concerned with shaping the future of the organization, or a unit within the larger organization. Specific activities involved in this role include: setting a vision and direction for the organization and providing innovative ideas to pursue helping the firm deal with the external environment helping develop organizational policies being a thought leader in the sense of the organization being widely respected for advancing a field or producing a superior product
Socialized Charismatic
Use social skills to benefit the organization as a whole
Grayson is a renowned investigative journalist who had uncovered several scams and corruption cases in the past. Known for his candid and liberal opinions, he had a huge fan base as well as pockets of detractors across the country. Grayson is:
experiencing leadership polarity.
Which of the following is true of leader political support?
d. It refers to political acts and influence behaviors performed by leaders to provide followers with valuable resources to advance individual, group, or organizational objectives.
A former government official is hired as the Chief Operating Officer by a private company that has considerable government dealings. In this case, the government official hired has considerable power because he:
d. controls vital information.
Eric, the operations head of an investment bank, decides to shift the country headquarters of his organization from New York to Chicago. He implements his decision and starts working toward it by taking his board members' consent for granted. In this scenario, Eric portrays what style of leadership?
Autocratic