MGT Exam 2 Test questions
Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance? Change your attitude. Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior. Change your behavior. Complete an EI assessment. Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones.
Complete an EI assessment.
______ represent(s) all the ways people are unlike and alike. Lifestyle Dimensions Background Diversity Conditions
Diversity
Making formal statements, holding rites and rituals, utilizing employee training and coaching, demonstrating how a leader reacts to a crises, being a role model, and giving rewards, promotions, and bonuses are some of the teaching methods that organizations can utilize to ____. perform competitive analysis conduct formal market research follow legal requirements write a strategic plan effect corporate change
effect corporate change
Sparkling Clean, Inc. is considering implementing a system that will pay its cleaning workers based on the number of completed residential jobs, coupled with satisfactory ratings on random inspections to ensure quality. This system is new to the organization, an example of __________ change. highly complex innovative radically innovative adaptive familiar
innovative
Teachers Credit Union has decided that tellers must rotate through a new weekend shift on Saturday afternoons since several of its financial competitors have recently begun to offer additional hours to customers. This is a(n) ______ change. reactive proactive adaptive innovative radically innovative
innovative
____________ is a change that represents the introduction of a new practice to an organization but one that is not new to the industry. Innovative change Reactive change Radically innovative change Adaptive change Proactive change
innovative change
Employees with a(n) ______ locus of control will probably resist close managerial supervision and should probably be placed in jobs requiring high initiative and lower compliance. external high low internal absent
internal
A defensive strategy is also known as a(n) _____. fixed plan retrenchment strategy growth strategy aggressive approach stability strategy
retrenchment strategy
A company with authority centralized in a single person, a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization is a characteristic of an organization with a _____. simple structure functional structure horizontal design team-based design hollow structure
simple structure
ABC Technology makes and sells only one product, a high-quality processor for mainframe computers, within its market, Silicon Valley, California; ABC utilizes a _____ strategy. focused-differentiation cost-focus single-product differentiation diversification
single-product
Which of the following is not a symptom of negative stress? heart attack hostility alcohol abuse slurred speech insomnia
slurred speech
The tendency to attribute to an individual the characteristics one believes are typical of the group to which that individual belongs is called _____. the halo effect selective perception self-serving bias attribution stereotyping
stereotyping
______ is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration. Eustress Burnout Role ambiguity Distress Role overload
Burnout
As an employee's age increases, his or her _____. absenteeism increases organizational commitment decreases job satisfaction increases work motivation decreases job involvement decreases
job satisfaction increases
Manner of dress, awards, myths and stories told about the company, and rituals and ceremonies are ____. observable artifacts of organizational culture enacted values of organizational culture basic assumptions about organizational culture espoused values of organizational culture invisible artifacts of that industry's culture and values
observable artifacts of organizational culture
The two co-founders of Network Appliance, a data-storage firm in Sunnyvale, California, were feuding with each other because one founder couldn't stick to his decisions, which drove the other founder crazy. A(n) ____________ began working with the warring executives in separate sessions to solve the problem. family doctor organizational behavior specialist labor relations specialist acquisition consultant informational technologist
organizational behavior specialist
The extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals is called _____. job performance job satisfaction organizational commitment job involvement job enrichment
organizational commitment
Chad and his partner, John, have decided to update their computer network, although they have no expertise in this area. During a meeting with John, Chad commented that "Our decision is limited by numerous constraints, such as our understanding of the complexity of technology, time and money, imperfect information, and our conflicting goals." These limitations are hindrances to _____. rational decision making MBO intuitive decision making nonrational decisions satisficing
rational decision making
George, a longtime hotel manager, was meeting with Sally, a new manager, and telling her about a recent decision related to whether or not to fire a front desk employee who has had customer service issues. George discussed the four stages of the decision process. He said, "I first identified the problem, and then, I gathered alternative solutions. I then evaluated each choice and selected a solution. I then implemented my decision to add training. Finally, I followed up with an evaluation of what I set in place." With this decision, George is using the ______. employee relations model solutions agenda rational decision-making model interpersonal-decision agenda focused decision-making model
rational decision-making model
A change that is made in response to arising problems or opportunities is called __________. radical change incremental change proactive change reactive change process change
reactive change
Which of the following sequences best describes how a manager can foster innovation in an organization? recognize problems, train employees, devise solutions, execute well recognize problems, gain allies, overcome resistance, execute well devise solutions, reorganize, change culture, stabilize system overcome resistance, empower employees, execute well, provide incentives recognize problems, overcome resistance, gain allies, penalize failures
recognize problems, gain allies, overcome resistance, execute well
Under which of the following circumstances would the desire to reduce cognitive dissonance be greatest? when large amounts of money are on the line when the elements seem like an inconsequential ambiguity when the individual has little control when the components of attitude have no inconsistency when there is little emotional investment in the situation
when large amounts of money are on the line
Porter's competitive strategies of cost-leadership and differentiation focus on ____ markets, and the cost-focus and focused-differentiation strategies focus on ____ markets. specific; broad narrow; wide wide; narrow diverse; narrow growth; specific
wide; narrow
Surveys show that employees are more interested in ______ rather than just earning a paycheck. advancement opportunity recognition benefits status work-life balance
work-life balance
According to productivity expert Odette Pollar, "To do more in a day, ____." hire more employees you must do more—not do everything faster you must do less—not do everything faster you must do more—not do everything slower do not delegate, but be more focused
you must do less—not do everything faster
The process of studying large amounts of data of a variety of types to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations, and other useful information is known as ____. super market data mining Big Data analytics cyber-age research mega research new age computing
Big Data analytics
____ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture. Reverse discrimination An ethical dilemma Ethnocentrism Diversity Stereotyping
Ethnocentrism
In the third step of rational decision making (evaluating alternatives and select a solution), you need to evaluate each alternative not only according to cost and quality but also according to the following questions: _____ Is it ethical and will it hurt diversity? Is it feasible, effective, and efficient? Is it feasible and profitable? Is it ethical, feasible, and effective? Is it efficient and how will it affect our marketing strategy?
Is it ethical, feasible, and effective?
________ programs help employees integrate and transition to a new job. Organizational citizenship Onboarding Employee assistance Attribution Proactive
Onboarding
______ is the personality dimension that describes how intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded a person is. Inquisitiveness Extroversion Openness to experience Inventiveness Emotional stability
Openness to experience
______ is at the center of the diversity wheel. Philanthropy Philosophy Psychology Perception Personality
Personality
______ is the tension people feel when they are facing or enduring extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities and are uncertain about their ability to handle them effectively. Role conflict Anxiety Apprehension Role overload Stress
Stress
________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations. Attitudes Values Cultures Ethics Perceptions
Values
Doug, a new manager, commented to a friend, "I am excited about different aspects of my new job. The company computers have entered the field of decision making. The network not only collects information more quickly, but the system also reduces the roadblocks when I need a group consensus." Doug is referring to _____. brainwriting brainstorming the Delphi technique a computer-aided decision-making system collaborative management
a computer-aided decision-making system
A decision tree is ____. an organization's decision network the hierarchy that must be followed when getting decisions approved a location used by Chinese philosopher Confucius in times of intense pressure a graph of decisions and their possible consequences a structure of problem-solving ideas, with its roots based on the organization's mission
a graph of decisions and their possible consequences
During December at Toys For Tiny Tots, employees know that they are generally required to work different schedules, weekends, and often with overtime to support the holiday shopping season. This is an example of a(n) ______ change. adaptive innovative incremental reactive radically innovative
adaptive
The statement "I really don't like that Ivan got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ______ component of an attitude. cognitive value behavioral affective factual
affective
Which of the following is the most common drug of abuse? tranquilizers alcohol marijuana methamphetamine prescription pain medication
alcohol
Style Mart uses time-series forecasts, such as past holiday sales and the strength of store sales this year to predict future sales based on patterns of historical data. This is an application of ___. analytics Big Data focused trend decisions by trends the synergy trend
analytics
Phillip and Meg are selling their home. They listed their house three months ago at an extremely high selling price, a price they randomly chose. They do not want to come down on their price to reflect what the marketplace shows their home is really worth. This is an example of ______. blind bias ego bias anchoring and adjustment bias sunk-cost bias confirmation bias
anchoring and adjustment bias
With a modular structure, a firm _____. assembles portions of product provided by outside contractors is a company outside a company that is created specifically to respond to an exceptional market opportunity consists of a company with many divisions has a central core of key functions and outsources production is an organization whose members are geographically apart, usually working via e-mail
assembles portions of product provided by outside contractors
When Dave, the sales manager, is deciding on who will train the new sales trainee, he tries not to look at just the recent sales numbers but also checks past sales reports to determine who is the most productive. This way he is not affected by the ______ bias. sunk-cost representativeness escalation of commitment availability adjustment
availability
The process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations is known as ___. trend analysis contingency planning benchmarking a vision plan a managerial pact
benchmarking
____ is the process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations. Continuous improvement Benchmarking Competitive change Reference innovation Radical innovation
benchmarking
The idea that proposes that the ability of decision makers to be rational is limited by numerous constraints, such as complexity, time, cognitive capacity, values, skills, habits, and unconscious reflexes, is known as _____. MBO rational decision making bounded rationality nonrational decision making analytics
bounded rationality
The BCG matrix is a means of evaluating strategic business units on the basis of their _____. business costs and share of the market BCG ratio differentiation and profitability product quality and profitability business growth rates and share of the market
business growth rates and share of the market
Astrid, a customer service representative, was asked by one of her customers if her company would be interested in joining the chamber of commerce to meet potential customers. Astrid believes this is a very good idea and approached her manager, Alan, about becoming a chamber member. Alan told Astrid that "Since the cost of membership is over $500 and you will have to leave the office to attend meetings, I will have to get approval from management above me." This is an example of how important decisions are made in organizations with _____. unity of command work specialization centralized authority decentralized authority line managers
centralized authority
The vertical hierarchy is also known as _____. the network structure an upward graph the chain of command the corporate steps the X-Y chart
chain of command
Organizational development is often put into practice by a __________. transformative consultant change agent counselor catalytic consultant training specialist
change agent
After Mary's Gifts and Cards surveyed its customers, it discovered that its customers preferred the company's competition more than 70% of the time. The most frequently cited reason was customer service. This information will be most helpful to introduce to her employees during which stage of Lewin's change model? changing unfreezing continuous improvement stabilizing refreezing
changing
Employees and customers are treated like a family at Bayou Seafood Café. Paul and Betsey, the owners, work to encourage unity to increase their employees' job satisfaction and commitment. At their café, Paul and Betsey have built a(n) ____. market culture goal-driven agenda clan culture bureaucracy culture adhocracy culture
clan culture
The rational model of decision making is also called the ____ model. focused logical analytical classical decision
classical
The ______ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation. perceptual decisional affective cognitive behavioral
cognitive
Because people are uncomfortable with inconsistency between their attitudes and behaviors, they will seek to reduce _____. a self-serving bias cognitive dissonance fundamental attribution group behavior causal attribution
cognitive dissonance
Marie is a small-business owner who loves to take risks. She also enjoys going out and meeting customers and potential clients—the social aspect of her job. Marie relies on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information. As an interior decorator, Marie utilizes her imaginative strengths, taking a broad perspective to problem solving, and she likes to consider many options and future possibilities. Marie represents a person with a(n) _____ style. conceptual ambiguous analytical behavioral directive
conceptual
Organizations using a matrix structure _____. centralize authority into a single person contain multiple overlapping command structures, in which employees report to several managers contain two command structures, in which some people actually report to two bosses establish a hierarchy in which employees report to only one supervisor utilize teams or workgroups with few lines of authority
contain two command structures, in which some people actually report to two bosses
Joe, a salesperson for a landscaping company, is working with a longtime customer who is interested in either cutting back on the services or getting a better price due to the tight economy. Joe tells his manager, "I want to take care of the customer with the best value. So what do you think is the best package to offer in this situation?" Joe and his manager are trying to utilize the _____. mechanistic design streamlined design contingency design focused spending approach boundaryless approach
contingency design
Sales this year at Donna's Pawn Shop have been high, and based on several factors, Donna projects next year's sales to also be good. However, even with her forecast of continued strong sales, Donna and her partner need to develop a plan in case sales drop unexpectedly. This type of planning for alternative future conditions is known as ____. a trend analysis a managerial pact background planning a vision plan contingency planning
contingency planning
When organizations endeavor to keep their costs, and hence prices, of their products or services below those of competitors and to target a wide market this is a _____ strategy. reinventing cost-focus focused-differentiation differentiation cost-leadership
cost-leadership
The second step in the strategic-management process is to look at where the organization stands and see what is working and what could be different to maximize efficiency and effectiveness in achieving the organization's mission. This step is the process of completing a(n) _____. current reality assessment company synergy assessment ethical and diversity evaluation grand strategy organizational vision statement
current reality assessment
Ford Motor Co. has separate divisions for passenger-car dealers, for large trucking customers, and for farm products customers. Ford is an example of an organization with ____. matrix partitions product divisions customer divisions customer casting geographic divisions
customer divisions
A computer-based information system that provides a flexible tool for analysis and helps managers focus on the future is known as a(n) _____. collaborative IT system IT synergy web decision support system flexible computing system group-web
decision support system
The combination of how an individual perceives and responds to information reflects his or her ____. location on the introvert/extrovert scale decision-making style time orientation Big Data perception ambiguity index
decision-making style
So-called Millennials (those born after 1980) are vastly different from their parents in their views on everything from technology to politics to marriage to tattoos. This is an example of a ______ force for change. structural political social demographic financial
demographic
The increasing diversity of the American workforce is an example of a(n) ______ force for change. political demographic social and political market economic
demographic
Which of the following is not a suggested strategy for reducing unhealthy stressors in organizations? make career counseling available recommend a holistic wellness approach make jobs interesting provide employee assistance programs develop a more formal structure with close, authoritative supervision
develop a more formal structure with close, authoritative supervision
Organic Market sells high-quality products and grocery items that are unique to their area; in addition it offers delivery for customers who are unable to leave their home and a number of regular workshops regarding eating healthy. By offering these types of products and services, Organic Market is pursuing a _____ strategy. focused-differentiation cost-focus value-focused differentiation cost-savings
differentiation
Sam is the production manager of a busy shoe factory. He was chosen because prior to his promotion he had proven himself to be very efficient, and as a department manager he had a logical and practical approach to solving problems. Sam has a reputation for being decisive and getting things done. Most of the employees like Sam, but they feel his style is autocratic, as he likes to do things by the book. Sam represents a person with a(n) ______ style. analytical behavioral ambiguous conceptual directive
directive
According to Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter, strategic positioning means _____ to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. collaborative planning retrenchment strategic alliances aggressive growth distinctive positioning
distinctive positioning
When an organization operates several businesses to spread the risk, such as a landscaping company that offers not only landscaping services but also lawn care, snow removal, and other services, that business is utilizing a ____ strategy. diversity diversification multiservice focused-differentiation differentiation
diversification
Leon is an investment portfolio manager. While sitting in a training workshop, the facilitator mentioned that "your female investors make trades much less often than men because they ____." endeavor to involve their family in decisions and it takes longer to get agreement do more research, and tend to base their investment decisions on considerations other than just numbers rely strictly on intuition are overcoming problems with the glass ceiling take longer to make decisions because of their busy lives
do more research, and tend to base their investment
Which of the following is the factor that most reduces an organization's ability to learn from failure? employees with a high tolerance for ambiguity employees who blame others for failure employees who like to experiment with multiple solutions employees who embrace a learning culture employees with a strong desire to acquire personal wealth
employees who blame others for failure
Sue keeps a close eye on her company's internal and external environment to discover possible opportunities for new products and threats from competition, as soon as possible. This is an example of ____. the observation approach corporate spying competitive intelligence management by observation environmental scanning
environmental scanning
HP founders David Packard and William Hewlett created a close-knit organizational culture that gave a lot of responsibility to employees and fostered innovation within the company, which were clearly stated values of the firm's founders. This is an example of _____. a diverse perspective enacted values focused values analytics espoused values
espoused values
Olivia, the owner of a small city newspaper, started her business two years ago, believing that there was still enough demand for her product. However, because people are busy and with the availability of news online, she has seen the demand for her paper drop steadily. Olivia made a decision to change the original direction of the company and focus more on an Internet news service. By demonstrating that managers need to think and act as if their company is an unfinished prototype, won't be ruined by new ideas and focusing on facts, Olivia is relying on _____. a decision tree a knowledge dilemma intuition the knee-jerk reaction theory evidence-based decision making
evidence-based decision making
More important than profit growth, stimulating innovation, customer loyalty, and finding qualified employees, global CEOs desire ____. happy employees increased usage of MBO organization diversity excellence in execution an ethical workplace
excellence in execution
Espoused values are _____. a narrative based on true events, which emphasize a particular value explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization the values and norms actually exhibited in the community physical manifestations of organizational culture profit and cost expectations stated in the business plan
explicitly stated values and norms preferred by an organization
When it comes to failure in the innovation process, Procter & Gamble CEO A. G. Lafley suggests that the key is to __________. look for innovation in small increments, so that failure risks are small develop a tolerance for ambiguity so that failure does not personally upset you work within a competent team so that blame is spread around among strong players avoid it by almost any means necessary, since it will irreparably harm your reputation fail early, fail cheaply, and don't make the same mistake twice
fail early, fail cheaply, and don't make the same mistake twice
Strategic position emerges from three sources: _____. many needs, few customers; little need, many customers; narrow needs, few customers bad economy; strong economy; stable economy poor products available; few products available; no products available low-cost products; huge market needs; unique products few needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers; broad needs, many customers
few needs, many customers; broad needs, few customers; broad needs, many customers
ABC Office Supply in Dayton sells high-quality, unique pens that are a real value to executives in the area. No other company in its area markets pens of such quality and value. By offering this type of product, ABC Office Supply is an example of a company utilizing a _____ strategy. focused-differentiation differentiation cost-focus cost-leadership strategy uniquely focused
focused-differentiation
Sometimes culture can be strong enough to take the place of an organization's ____. mission statement code of ethics formal rules and regulations business plan performance standards
formal rules and regulations
In the political ads for Representative Joe Smith, the Democratic candidate, he is portrayed by the Republican-sponsored ads as being dishonest and poor at his job. Yet, the ads for Joe Smith, which are paid for by the Democratic supporters, describe him as being caring, honest, and a hard worker. The sponsors of these advertisements know that ads can affect whom voters choose on Election Day. This tendency of decision makers, the voters in this case, to be influenced by how a situation or problem is presented to them is known as ____. overconfidence bias the fog effect framing bias stirring the waters goal displacement
framing bias
IT Technology has designed its corporate structure with divisions based on its location. For example, there are the Southern and Northern Divisions, and globally there is the European Division. This is an example of a structure with _____. matrix partitions customer divisions geographic divisions product divisions common area divisions
geographic divisions
During Lewin's changing stage, managers should __________. make employees dissatisfied with the present situation give employees new information, perspectives, and models for behavior reduce the barriers to change reinforce the desired change encourage employees to exhibit the new change
give employees new information, perspectives, and models for behavior
Doug is using rational decision making, and the chosen alternative that was implemented does not appear to be working. To correct the situation, the possibilities Doug should consider include _____. giving it more time, changing it slightly, trying another alternative, or starting over doing nothing doing nothing or starting over giving it more time, cutting costs, or increasing organization synergy giving it more time or not changing anything
giving it more time, changing it slightly, trying another alternative, or starting over
Greg, Donna, and Paul are on the five-member Benefits Task Force that is researching options for the new benefits package. Over lunch, Greg, Donna, and Paul decided that adding Choice Health Club is a good idea, and that they plan on voting to agree to add it without ever researching and accurately assessing the decision. This is an example of ____. group marketing goal displacement the Delphi technique heuristics groupthink
groupthink
Organic Foods International has decided to increase its market share by hiring a marketing rep to visit businesses in the area and invite their employees to shop at Organic Foods and for monthly health events. The store also hired two new employees to handle the anticipated increase in customer traffic. Organic Foods is utilizing a _____. stability strategy defensive strategy cutting-edge strategy growth strategy diverse strategy
growth strategy
As owner and senior accountant at a tax preparation firm, Mark is changing the work schedule of all employees, including managers and accountants, for the months of March and April, the company's busiest time. He is requiring work on weekends for everyone, using the same basic schedule as last two years. Mark should expect that his employees will be __________. hardly upset or not upset at all moderately upset and complain terribly upset and quit terribly upset but not quit moderately upset but not willing to quit
hardly upset or not upset at all
Jose, the sales manager, is working on the problem of increasing sales by using the rational model of decision making. In the first step he identified the problem of his employees needing more training. In the second step he thought of alternative solutions; and in step three he evaluated alternatives and selected a solution. In the fourth step, Jose needs to _____. select a contingency plan determine how costly the solution will be do more research to look at types of training implement and evaluate the training program chosen set up a diversity and synergy training plan to increase the chances of success
implement and evaluate the training program chosen
Which of the following is not an inside force that indicates organizational change might be needed? job dissatisfaction excessive conflict between managers and employees high turnover high levels of stress among employees increased competition
increased competition
The creation of products, services, or technologies that modify those that already exist is called ______ innovation. process incremental adaptive radical product
incremental
A hierarchy culture has a(n) ____. internal focus and values stability and control continual focus on efficiency, cost cutting, and outsourcing external focus and values flexibility strong external focus and values stability and control internal focus and values innovation and creativity
internal focus and values stability and control
If you have a(n) ____________, you believe you control your own destiny. high level of learned helplessness internal locus of control low level of self-efficacy external locus of control tolerance for ambiguity
internal locus of control
Sal has been in the landscaping business for over 40 years, and when Donovan, his business partner, suggested adding snow removal as an extra service, Sal responded with "My gut feeling is to say yes because of my experience in the past and what I have seen other companies do over the years, both successfully and not." Sal's response to Donovan is known as _____. a business reaction a knowledge dilemma a knee-jerk reaction unbounded rationality intuition
intuition
Which of the following is not a leading reason that employees resist change? lack of personal ethics nonreinforcing reward systems climate of mistrust individual predisposition toward change fear of failure
lack of personal ethics
During a meeting, Tammy, the branch manager, was pointing to the corporate organization chart on the wall. Tammy remarked that "These people provide advice, recommendations, and research for us, and they are indicated with a dotted line. Jim, our CEO, and the vice presidents of our organization are up here, indicated on the organization chart by a solid line vertical line." The employees indicated on the organization chart by a solid line are ____, and those indicated by a dotted line are ____. line managers; staff personnel line managers; temporary personnel staff personnel; vital personnel line managers; part-time personnel line managers; personnel in training
line managers; staff personnel
Carol really doesn't like her new boss and is not happy with the new tasks she's been assigned and the long hours she's been working. Still, she truly believes in what the company is trying to accomplish. Carol has _____. low job involvement low job satisfaction poor job performance poor job enrichment low organizational commitment
low job satisfaction
Bob, the owner of Quality Catering, is driven by competition. He is very focused on meeting deadlines and quality, and delivering the results that customers want. He pushes his managers to continually exceed their productivity goals, and stresses that profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction. Bob feels "there is not enough time for training." However, his employees are regularly rewarded for their success in meeting company goals. This is an example of a(n) ____ culture. market adhocracy hierarchy target-driven clan
market
Who are our customers? What are our major products or services? In what geographic areas do we compete? These are all questions that are answered in a good _____. vision statement value pact management belief statement mission statement code of ethics
mission statement
Strategic control includes ____. implementing MBO seldom making adjustments to a strategy monitoring the execution of strategy and making adjustments, if necessary developing a diversity plan a strong employee diversity and synergy agenda
monitoring the execution of strategy and making adjustments, if necessary
Voluntary collectives with the purpose of advancing their members' interests are known as ___. volunteer co-ops mutual associations nonprofit organizations for-profit organizations mutual-benefit organizations
mutual-benefit organizations
The two kinds of spans of control are _____. tall and hollow hierarchy and nonhierarchy narrow and wide flat and broad tall and short
narrow and wide
Paula, the CEO of EnviroSystems, has only three people reporting to her, the vice president of marketing, vice president of HR, and vice president of accounting. Paula has a _____. wide span of control narrow span of control broad span of influence small unity of command focused span of control
narrow span of control
Jean-Paul, the store manager, was speaking with Patty, his new assistant manager, about the store's system of job relationships and whom she will report to and who will report to her. He said, "This structure is one of the things that motivates our workers to work together to achieve our company's goals." Jean-Paul was telling Patty about the store's _____. analytics code of ethics organizational culture organizational structure diversity plan
organizational structure
A company's overall ability to execute is a function of effectively executing according to three processes, but Bossidy and Charan proposed that the _____ process is the most important. people leading operations controlling planning
people
When confronted with a choice, people with strong prior beliefs tend to make their decisions based on their beliefs even if their beliefs are false. This is known as ____. tunnel vision bias the curse of knowledge prior-hypothesis bias narrow-minded perception single-vision stereotyping
prior-hypothesis bias
A managerial innovation that improves the efficiency of a company's cross-functional teams would be considered a ______ innovation. process practical transformational product core
process
A(n) ______ innovation is a change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated. process transformational procedural adaptive product
process
A technological innovation that improves the performance and speed of a computer's operating system would be considered a(n) ______ innovation. adaptive personnel product process transformational
product
Researchers working on hydrogen fuel cells hope that this could be a(n) ______ innovation, leading to a clean, renewable energy source, and reducing dependence on depleting fossil fuels with their adverse impact on the global environment. process product radical incremental disruptive
radical
Paul, the store manager, recently had to fire Sue, an employee who graduated from North College. He felt that Sue was not well trained at her school. So when Steven, also a graduate from North College, applied for Sue's old position, he did not want to consider hiring him, feeling Steven also probably did not receive the proper training. Paul was affected by _____ bias. training confirmation representativeness blind adjustment
representativeness
Contingency planning is also known as _____. scenario goal-setting and plans organizational opportunities a trend analysis scenario planning and scenario analysis strategic planning
scenario planning and scenario analysis
Lori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson, since she beat her goal this year by nearly 30%. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said it was simply the economy. This is an example of _____. fundamental attribution bias selective perception error the halo effect self-serving bias a self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
Which of the following dimensions is not an example of an external or secondary dimension on the diversity wheel? religion income geographic location seniority personal habits
seniority
Alana, the children's department manager at Shoe Mart, has eight employees in her department, and all of them report directly to her. The eight employees who report directly to Alana are her _____. hierarchy of authority span of direction management depth span of control area of responsibility
span of control
To provide direction and momentum, encourage new ideas, and develop a sustainable competitive advantage are reasons why an organization should adopt _____. an aggressive cost-cutting plan a diversity policy strategic management and strategic planning a positive synergy agenda a strong business plan
strategic management and strategic planning
Doug is the CEO of Johnson Motors, a business consisting of Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, and Mercedes-Benz dealerships. He also sells Fleetwood and American Coach RVs. Doug mentioned to his sales manager that "there is economic value in having many related businesses managed by one ownership group. They are worth more than if they are separate companies." This is an example of ____. multiproduct diversification differentiation diversity synergy
synergy
Social media (LinkedIn, Facebook), used by 98% of recruiters, make finding employees more efficient. This is an example of a(n) __________ advancement or force. market technological social or political demographic inside
technological
Rites and rituals are ____. a narrative based on true events that emphasize a particular value objects, acts, or the quality that conveys meaning to others company expectations for employees, such as working hard, ethically, and honestly the activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments for an organization company values included in the code of ethics
the activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments for an organization
Peter, the owner, is even more committed to making the used copier, which he recently purchased, work even though it keeps jamming and people have been telling him about other problems they have been having with it. Peter is affected by ______. the framing effect the fog effect the narrow focus bias the anchoring and commitment bias the escalation of commitment bias
the escalation of commitment bias
The owners of Smith's Yard Mart, a family-owned garden center in a rural community, is concerned over the news that a large retailer with a garden center is building a new store on the other side of town. This new retailer is a(n) ____ for Smith's. intelligence strength opportunity weakness threat
threat
Having realistic expectations and thinking about the kind of manager you want to be, not forgetting to manage upward and sideways as well as downward, getting guidance from other managers, and resisting isolation is good advice for those who are _____. transitioning upward in an organization starting a networking group within an organization developing a training and development program starting retirement developing a diversity or synergy plan
transitioning upward in an organization
"What shall we do about the problem?" is the question that would most likely be asked during the ______ stage of OD. feedback treatment or intervention diagnosis changing evaluation
treatment or intervention
The basic assumption that the picture of the present can be projected into the future is the basis of a _____. business plan trend analysis managerial pact vision statement trend goal
trend analysis
Ben attended a workshop hosted by SCORE, an SBA organization that counsels small-business owners on developing a good vision statement. In that workshop the speakers discussed how an organization's vision needs to describe _____. what the company wants to become, and its long-term direction and strategic intent the organization's purpose or reason for being what the company will market and its business plan the ethical and diversity standards of the organization the organization's purpose or reason for being and its strategic intent
what the company wants to become, and its long-term direction and strategic intent
