Micah Espinoza Vocabulary Cards

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active site

A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme.

Reactants

A starting material in a chemical reaction

Enzyme

A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

Glucose

C6H12O6

carbon dioxide

CO2

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.

Chlorophyll

Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

Matrix

Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion

Oxygen

O2

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production

Fermentation

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

Anaerobic

Process that does not require oxygen

Aerobic

Process that requires oxygen

Photorespiration

Reaction in which rubisco attaches oxygen instead of carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Stomata

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

Denaturation

loss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor

Chemosynthesis

process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates

electron carriers

proteins arranged in chains on the membrane to allow the transfer of electrons from one carrier to another.

Exergonic

releases energy

catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

activation energy

the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

cellular respiration

the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

Grana

the stacks of thylakoids embedded in the stroma of a chloroplast.

Photosystem

cluster of chlorophyll and proteins found in thylakoids

Stroma

fluid portion of the chloroplast; outside of the thylakoids

products

The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.

inner membrane

The membrane of the mitochondria that is the site of electron transport and chemiosmosis.

Substrate

The reactant on which an enzyme works.

enzyme inhibitor

a molecule that binds to and prevents an enzyme from functioning

Endergonic

absorbs energy


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