Micro 4000: Chapter 16 Innate Immunity
Which of the following statements is TRUE? All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. The complement system can detect and destroy invading microorganisms. Complement increases after vaccination. Complement activity is antigen-specific. Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis.
The complement system can detect and destroy invading microorganisms.
What is the role of opsonins?
They create "handles" that make it easier for the pseudopods of phagocytes to attach to the microbe invader.
Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE? They are found in certain tissues and organs. They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. They are mature monocytes. They develop from neutrophils. They gather at sites of infection.
They develop from neutrophils
Margination refers to dilation of blood vessels. adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels. the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels. the chemotactic response of phagocytes. the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms.
adherence
Which of the following is mismatched? diapedesis - movement of leukocytes between capillary walls cells out of blood and into tissue chemotaxis - chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome abscess - a cavity created by tissue damage and filled with pus scab - dried blood clot over injured tissue pus - tissue debris and dead phagocytes in a white or yellow fluid
chemotaxis
The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid returns to the blood. is lost as perspiration. is excreted in urine. is transported into macrophages. goes into lymph capillaries.
goes into lymph capillaries
Which of the following is an effect of opsonization? increased diapedesis of phagocytes increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms cytolysis inflammation increased margination of phagocytes
increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
All of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT they have the ability to kill infected body cells and some tumor cells. they are a type of lymphocyte. they release toxic substances that cause cell lysis or apoptosis. they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.
they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis.
TLRs attach to all of the following EXCEPT PAMPs. AMPs. LPS. flagellin. peptidoglycan.
AMPs
Which of the following statements concerning phagocytosis is true? Bacteria are digested when the phagosome fuses with a lysosome. Phagocytes cannot ingest microorganisms unless they are coated with antibodies. Adherence always requires opsonization. Phagocytes ingest microorganisms by using protein transporters that are specific to the bacteria.
Bacteria are digested when the phagosome fuses with a lysosome. When the phagosome and lysosome fuse, the hydrolytic enzymes from the lysosome will digest the bacteria.
An example of a TLR would be peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.
False
Phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT lysozyme. chemotaxis. trapping a bacterium against a rough surface. complement. opsonization.
lysozyme
Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity? And they arise from? neutrophils eosinophils macrophages erythrocytes basophils
macrophages; monocytes
Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT they compete with pathogens for space and adherence. they produce lysozyme. they produce antibacterial chemicals. they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. they compete with pathogens for nutrients.
they produce lysozyme
All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step? phagocyte migration vasodilation margination diapedesis repair
vasodilation