Micro Ch. 7 Connect

For an enzyme to catalyze a reaction, the substrate must bind to the ______ site on the enzyme's surface. allosteric active regulatory

active

The site on an enzyme that matches its specific substrate is called the ______ site. -active -allosteric -regulatory -ionic

active

The conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid occurs ______. -during the Krebs cycle -during glycolysis -when electrons flow through the electron transport chain

during glycolysis

The Krebs cycle and the electron transport system are utilized during ______. -both aerobic and anaerobic respiration -anaerobic respiration only -aerobic respiration only

both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A cell gains energy by transferring _____ from an external source to internal carriers. glucose ATP electrons protons

electrons

Composed principally of amino acids, ______ act as biological catalysts, facilitating metabolic activities of the cell. ribozymes enzymes cofactors ribosomes

enzymes

Proteins with a specific shape and specificity for target molecules known as substrates are called _________

enzymes

A reaction that releases energy is termed ______. -exergonic -endergonic -endothermic

exergonic

An ______ reaction releases energy as it goes forward. -endergonic -exergonic

exergonic

The incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen that yields only a small amount of ATP and produces a variety of byproducts is a process called __________

fermentation

Enzymes _______ the speed of chemical reactions in the body. decrease increase energize

increase

Enzymes that break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol are called __________

lipases

The combination of all reactions (catabolic + anabolic) within a cell is termed _____________

metabolism

The binding of molecules other than the substrate to a regulatory site controls enzyme activity through ______ inhibition. -noncompetitive -competitive

noncompetitive

The loss of electrons from an atom or compound is called _________

oxidation

Which term is used to describe the integration of anabolic and catabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency? -Redox reaction -Beta oxidation -Respiration -Amphibolism

Amphibolism

"Biosynthesis" is also termed which of the following? -Hydrolysis -Anabolism -Catabolism

Anabolism

The term opposite to catabolism is _______

Anabolism

_______ is a process by which the weak bonds that maintain the shape of an apoenzyme are broken leading to an extreme distortion of the enzyme's shape. -Condensation -Hydrolysis -Decomposition -Denaturation

Denaturation

What effect would adding additional substrate in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzymatic reaction? -Increase the reaction rate -No effect -Decrease the reaction rate

No effect

Which term describes the compound that LOSES electrons to an electron-accepting compound? -Reduced -Oxidized

Oxidized

Which best defines an active site? -Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds -Region of an enzyme where a noncompetitive inhibitor binds -Region on the substrate where the enzyme binds

Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds

What is the role of enzymes? -Concentrate products of chemical reactions -Speed up the rate of chemical reactions -Act as substrates for chemical reactions -Combine with smaller molecules to make larger ones

Speed up the rate of chemical reactions

What name is given to the compound upon which an enzyme will act? Allosteric site Active site Substrate Cofactor

Substrate

True or false: An enzyme's active site is unique for each substrate.

True

he coupling of catabolic pathways with anabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency is called ____________

amphibolism

Monosaccharides, amino acids, and vitamins are building blocks used in the process of __________ , and enter the cell as nutrients or are synthesized through cellular pathways. Listen to the complete question

anabolism

A molecule that resembles an enzyme's normal substrate, binding to the active site and preventing the actual substrate from binding there, is called a ______ inhibitor. -non-competitive -competitive

competitive

Inhibition of an enzyme that involves a mimic molecule interacting with the active site so that a substrate cannot bind is called ________ inhibition.

competitive

An inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme in _____ inhibition, whereas the inhibitor binds to an allosteric or regulatory site in _____________ inhibition.

competitive; noncompetitive

In aerobic respiration, _________ serves as the final electron acceptor.

oxygen

Which is the primary pathway used by aerobic microorganisms to obtain energy? -Aerobic respiration -Anaerobic respiration -Fermentation

Aerobic respiration

Select all that apply What is produced in large quantities during catabolism that can then be used in anabolism? -ATP -ADP -nutrients -Reduced coenzymes

-ATP -Reduced coenzymes

Select all that apply Which of the following metabolic processes include the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system? -Fermentation -Deamination -Aerobic respiration -Anaerobic respiration

-Aerobic respiration -Anaerobic respiration

Select all that apply Which of the following are true regarding aerobic respiration? -Alcohol is a common byproduct. -It involves glycolysis but not the Krebs cycle. -Large amounts of ATP are synthesized. -Oxygen is required as final electron acceptor. -Glucose is the starting compound for glycolysis. -It involves organic ions such as nitrate and sulfate.

-Large amounts of ATP are synthesized. -Oxygen is required as final electron acceptor. -Glucose is the starting compound for glycolysis.

Select all that apply Which two are required in large quantities for anabolism? -Heat -Reducing power -ADP -Energy

-Reducing power -Energy

Select all that apply Which of the following are true about enzymes? -They speed up the rate of metabolism. -They are stable in a large range of environmental conditions. -They are chemically altered during a reaction. -They can easily be recycled for use in further reactions. -Possess an active site for interaction with substrate

-They speed up the rate of metabolism. -They can easily be recycled for use in further reactions. -Possess an active site for interaction with substrate

During anabolism, energy in the form of ______ is used to create bonds.

ATP

Which compound connects those reactions that are anabolic to those reactions that are catabolic? -ATP -Phosphate -Protein -Sugar

ATP

Which of the following compounds provides the energy to form and break chemical bonds? -Enzymes -ATP -Sugar -ADP

ATP

he molecule that is termed metabolic "money" because it can be stored, spent, or transferred is ___________

ATP

______ is the incomplete oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. -The Krebs cycle -Electron transport -Fermentation

Fermentation

In strict aerobes and some anaerobes, pyruvic acid enters the ___ _________ for further processing and energy release.

Krebs cycle

The loss of the normal or native shape of a protein due to chemical or physical disruption of tertiary structure is called protein ___________

denaturation

Where do building blocks for macromolecules originate? -from synthesis within the cell only -from outside the cell only -from outside the cell or from synthesis within the cell

from outside the cell or from synthesis within the cell

The transfer of electrons from an external source to internal carriers is the basis for a cell to ______. -divide by binary fission -move by means of a flagellum -form an endospore -gain energy

gain energy