Micro Ch. 7 Connect
For an enzyme to catalyze a reaction, the substrate must bind to the ______ site on the enzyme's surface. allosteric active regulatory
active
The site on an enzyme that matches its specific substrate is called the ______ site. -active -allosteric -regulatory -ionic
active
The conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid occurs ______. -during the Krebs cycle -during glycolysis -when electrons flow through the electron transport chain
during glycolysis
The Krebs cycle and the electron transport system are utilized during ______. -both aerobic and anaerobic respiration -anaerobic respiration only -aerobic respiration only
both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
A cell gains energy by transferring _____ from an external source to internal carriers. glucose ATP electrons protons
electrons
Composed principally of amino acids, ______ act as biological catalysts, facilitating metabolic activities of the cell. ribozymes enzymes cofactors ribosomes
enzymes
Proteins with a specific shape and specificity for target molecules known as substrates are called _________
enzymes
A reaction that releases energy is termed ______. -exergonic -endergonic -endothermic
exergonic
An ______ reaction releases energy as it goes forward. -endergonic -exergonic
exergonic
The incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen that yields only a small amount of ATP and produces a variety of byproducts is a process called __________
fermentation
Enzymes _______ the speed of chemical reactions in the body. decrease increase energize
increase
Enzymes that break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol are called __________
lipases
The combination of all reactions (catabolic + anabolic) within a cell is termed _____________
metabolism
The binding of molecules other than the substrate to a regulatory site controls enzyme activity through ______ inhibition. -noncompetitive -competitive
noncompetitive
The loss of electrons from an atom or compound is called _________
oxidation
Which term is used to describe the integration of anabolic and catabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency? -Redox reaction -Beta oxidation -Respiration -Amphibolism
Amphibolism
"Biosynthesis" is also termed which of the following? -Hydrolysis -Anabolism -Catabolism
Anabolism
The term opposite to catabolism is _______
Anabolism
_______ is a process by which the weak bonds that maintain the shape of an apoenzyme are broken leading to an extreme distortion of the enzyme's shape. -Condensation -Hydrolysis -Decomposition -Denaturation
Denaturation
What effect would adding additional substrate in the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzymatic reaction? -Increase the reaction rate -No effect -Decrease the reaction rate
No effect
Which term describes the compound that LOSES electrons to an electron-accepting compound? -Reduced -Oxidized
Oxidized
Which best defines an active site? -Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds -Region of an enzyme where a noncompetitive inhibitor binds -Region on the substrate where the enzyme binds
Region of an enzyme where the substrate binds
What is the role of enzymes? -Concentrate products of chemical reactions -Speed up the rate of chemical reactions -Act as substrates for chemical reactions -Combine with smaller molecules to make larger ones
Speed up the rate of chemical reactions
What name is given to the compound upon which an enzyme will act? Allosteric site Active site Substrate Cofactor
Substrate
True or false: An enzyme's active site is unique for each substrate.
True
he coupling of catabolic pathways with anabolic pathways to improve cell efficiency is called ____________
amphibolism
Monosaccharides, amino acids, and vitamins are building blocks used in the process of __________ , and enter the cell as nutrients or are synthesized through cellular pathways. Listen to the complete question
anabolism
A molecule that resembles an enzyme's normal substrate, binding to the active site and preventing the actual substrate from binding there, is called a ______ inhibitor. -non-competitive -competitive
competitive
Inhibition of an enzyme that involves a mimic molecule interacting with the active site so that a substrate cannot bind is called ________ inhibition.
competitive
An inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme in _____ inhibition, whereas the inhibitor binds to an allosteric or regulatory site in _____________ inhibition.
competitive; noncompetitive
In aerobic respiration, _________ serves as the final electron acceptor.
oxygen
Which is the primary pathway used by aerobic microorganisms to obtain energy? -Aerobic respiration -Anaerobic respiration -Fermentation
Aerobic respiration
Select all that apply What is produced in large quantities during catabolism that can then be used in anabolism? -ATP -ADP -nutrients -Reduced coenzymes
-ATP -Reduced coenzymes
Select all that apply Which of the following metabolic processes include the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system? -Fermentation -Deamination -Aerobic respiration -Anaerobic respiration
-Aerobic respiration -Anaerobic respiration
Select all that apply Which of the following are true regarding aerobic respiration? -Alcohol is a common byproduct. -It involves glycolysis but not the Krebs cycle. -Large amounts of ATP are synthesized. -Oxygen is required as final electron acceptor. -Glucose is the starting compound for glycolysis. -It involves organic ions such as nitrate and sulfate.
-Large amounts of ATP are synthesized. -Oxygen is required as final electron acceptor. -Glucose is the starting compound for glycolysis.
Select all that apply Which two are required in large quantities for anabolism? -Heat -Reducing power -ADP -Energy
-Reducing power -Energy
Select all that apply Which of the following are true about enzymes? -They speed up the rate of metabolism. -They are stable in a large range of environmental conditions. -They are chemically altered during a reaction. -They can easily be recycled for use in further reactions. -Possess an active site for interaction with substrate
-They speed up the rate of metabolism. -They can easily be recycled for use in further reactions. -Possess an active site for interaction with substrate
During anabolism, energy in the form of ______ is used to create bonds.
ATP
Which compound connects those reactions that are anabolic to those reactions that are catabolic? -ATP -Phosphate -Protein -Sugar
ATP
Which of the following compounds provides the energy to form and break chemical bonds? -Enzymes -ATP -Sugar -ADP
ATP
he molecule that is termed metabolic "money" because it can be stored, spent, or transferred is ___________
ATP
______ is the incomplete oxidation of glucose or other carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. -The Krebs cycle -Electron transport -Fermentation
Fermentation
In strict aerobes and some anaerobes, pyruvic acid enters the ___ _________ for further processing and energy release.
Krebs cycle
The loss of the normal or native shape of a protein due to chemical or physical disruption of tertiary structure is called protein ___________
denaturation
Where do building blocks for macromolecules originate? -from synthesis within the cell only -from outside the cell only -from outside the cell or from synthesis within the cell
from outside the cell or from synthesis within the cell
The transfer of electrons from an external source to internal carriers is the basis for a cell to ______. -divide by binary fission -move by means of a flagellum -form an endospore -gain energy
gain energy