MICRO CHAPTER 1 HOMEWORK

Select characteristics exhibited by all cells.

cytoplasmic membrane, dna, ribosomes

Label the terms or descriptions in the chart to assess your knowledge of the levels of the four main families of biochemicals (macromolecules).

CARBS- glucose, starch LIPIDS - phospholipids, steroids, mycolic acid PROTEINS- enzymes, exhibit 1,2,3, or 4 structure NUCLEIC ACIDS- composed of nucleotides

Which of the following is a nucleotide responsible for releasing and storing energy for cellular chemical reactions?

adenosine triphosphate

The RN educates the parents regarding the functional importance of proteins as performing metabolic reactions and forming cellular structure. Which of the following are the building blocks of proteins?

amino acids

From 1994 to 2008, the rates of MMR vaccination in England and Wales ________.

declined

restriction enzymes

Discovered by Daniel Nathans, Werner Arber, and Hamilton Smith in the 1970s, these "molecular scissors" cut DNA in a controlled manner.

Label the images to assess your knowledge of nucleic acid structure.

Left top - bottom: phosphate, guanine, thymine, adenine, deoxyribose, h bonds, DNA Right top - bottom: backbone, uracil, ribose, cytosine, RNA

What vaccination protects children against measles?

MMR

Place the images in the correct order to assess your knowledge of the levels of organization exhibited by proteins.

First level- one straight chain Second level- three chains Third level- one windy chain Fourth level- three different color chains intertwined

Viruses

Hint: Acellular microbes

Bacteria

Hint: Belong to one of two domains of life: Bacteria or Archaea

Fungi

Hint: Eukaryotes involved in decomposition

Algae

Hint: Photosynthetic plantlike organisms

Protozoans

Hint: Single-celled eukaryotes

Helminths

Hint: Term designating all parasitic worms

Choose the response(s) that pertain to the relative burden of human infectious diseases in the world today.

Nearly 2,000 microbes can cause human disease today. Many diseases that used to be considered noninfectious probably do involve microbial infection based upon current studies. There is an increase in microbes that are resistant to drugs today.

genetic engineering

Newer technology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals to create new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

bioremediation

Process that involves the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.

Review the table below, and choose the statements that are correct regarding the top causes of death by disease.

Respiratory illness is the leading cause of death by an infectious disease both in the United States and worldwide. Across the globe, influenza and pneumonia will kill almost half as many individuals as heart disease. Around the world in 2011, over 6.5 million individuals died of an infectious disease.

biofilms

Accumulations of bacteria and other microbes on surfaces that over the past 20 years have been identified to play a role in disease development.

Drag the images and/or statements to their corresponding class to test your understanding of the main types of microbes.

Bacterium- image of e Coli Fungus- image of Aspergillus -Eukaryote that is decomposer Protozoan- image aqua blue background/cells -single celled eukaryote Archaea- image black background green cells Virus- image Herpes Simplex Helminth- image pink worm - macroscopic eukaryotic worm

small rna's

These molecules were first identified in the 2000s, and appear to play critical roles in regulating what happens in the cell.

Select the characteristic that is exhibited by viruses.

Viruses are parasitic particles that invade host cells.

True or false: The Wakefield paper accurately suggested that autism was linked to vaccination.

false

The organism's two part scientific name originates from which of the levels of taxonomy?

genus and species

Select the nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides that make up DNA.

guanine, thymine, adenine, cytosine

Select the nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides that make up RNA.

guanine, uracil, adenine, cytosine

Select statements that apply to the theory of evolution to test your understanding of evolution.

has undergone years of testing, has not been disproven, is a well established phenomenon

Order the following choices to reflect the relative sizes of microorganisms as compared to each other and other cells and molecules, ranging from the largest to the smallest.

helminth - 1 fungus - 2 most bacteria - 3 viruses - 4 hydrogen atom - 5

The number of confirmed measles cases in England and Wales ________ during that same time period.

increased

In providing education about genetic disorders, the RN would most accurately describe which of the following cellular macromolecules as responsible for the transmission of genetic information?

nucleic acids

Select the main groups of macromolecules found in living things.

nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, carbs

Bacteria were traditionally considered prokaryotes. The defining feature of a prokaryotic cell was the absence of what cellular structure?

nucleus

In providing education about E. coli, the RN most appropriately uses which of the following terms, meaning disease-causing, to describe this organism?

pathogen

Select the components of DNA and RNA to test your understanding of nucleic acid composition.

phosphate, ribose or deoxyribose, nitrogenous bases

The correct structure of DNA components can be presented as

phosphate- sugar- base

Select the components of ATP from the list provided.

ribose, adenine, phosphate

Select the levels of protein structure that would be disrupted by heat or solvent changes that would disrupt hydrogen bonding.

secondary, tertiary, quaternary

Which of the following are not considered microorganisms?

ticks

Label the image to assess your knowledge of phospholipid structure.

top left - right: polar head, variable alcohol group, phosphate, glycerol, micelle bottom left- right: non polar tail, fatty acids, bilayer

Which of the following is not an independent cellular organism, but rather a collection of contained genetic material that transmits information to a host cell?

virus

Review important historical foundations of microbiology by completing each sentence. Then, arrange the sentences in chronological order.

1 In the late 1600s, van Leeuwenhoek designed several simple microscopes. 2 As a leading microbiologist during the 1800s, Pasteur disproved the theory of abiogenesis and completed several studies leading to the germ theory of disease. 3 In the mid 1800s, Lister was the first surgeon to introduce aseptic techniques into the operating room in an effort to reduce microbes and prevent infection. 4 Around 1875, Koch established four proofs that could be used to determine an organism's pathogenicity and related disease. He also developed many of the laboratory techniques that are still used today. 5 Microbes have played a significant role in the advances of the last century, such as restriction enzymes for cutting DNA and genome sequencing to better understand the microbes that live on and in our bodies.

Order the following choices to reflect the organization of taxa, from the most general to the most specific, to test your understanding of levels of classification.

1 domain, 2 phylum, 3 genus, 4 species

human microbiome project (hmp)

2010s and beyond; provided detailed information about the microorganisms that live on or in our bodies.

When providing education about the organism Escherichia coli, the RN may also appropriately abbreviate the name as:

E. coli

Drag the images or descriptions to their corresponding class to test your understanding of the characteristics of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses.

EUKARYOTE- contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles - image pink worm BACTERIA / ARCHAEA- cell type lacks nucleus - size range 1-10 pm - image purple cell VIRUS- acellular particle - smallest microbes 10-200 nm - image black / grey cells

biotechnology

Technology that applies the power of microbes toward the manufacture of industrial products, foods, and drugs.

The major groups of microorganisms studied by microbiologists include:

bacteria, helminths, algae, fungi, viruses, archaea, protozoa

Select all answers that are roles played by microorganisms in our environment.

carry out photosynthesis, biological decomposition, nutrient recycling

Match the carbohydrate class with the appropriate example of a carbohydrate in that class.

cellulose - 1 pollysaccharide fructose - 2 monosaccharide lactose - 3 disaccharide