Micro chapter 12

Which of the following organisms is photoautotrophic protozoan? A) cellular slime mold B) oomycote C) plasmodial slime mold D) Euglena E) Phytophthora

D) Euglena

In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Penicillium? A) 4and6 B) 3and4 C) 1and2 D) 2and6 E) 1and4

D) 2and6

1-Arthroconidium 2-Ascospore 3-Basidiospore 4-Blastoconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium 6-Conidiospore 7-Sporangiospore 8-Zygospore In Table 12.1, which is a thick-walled spore formed as a segment within a hypha? A)1 B) 3 C) 7 D) 5 E) None of the answers is correct.

D) 5

1-Arthroconidium 2-Ascospore 3-Basidiospore 4-Blastoconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium 6-Conidiospore 7-Sporangiospore 8-Zygospore In Table 12.1, which of these spores are asexual spores? A) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7 B) 2, 3, 6, 8 C) 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 D) 1,3,5,8 E) All of the spores are asexual.

A) 1, 4, 5, 6, 7

Which of the following pairs are mismatched? 1.arthroconidium

A) 2and5

Which of the following statements about helminths is FALSE? A) All are parasites. B) They are heterotrophic. C) They have eukaryotic cells. D) Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal. E) They are multicellular animals.

A) All are parasites

Which of the following statements about algae is FALSE? A) All are unicellular. B) They use CO2 as their carbon source. C) They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water. D) They use light as their energy source. E) Some are capable of sexual reproduction.

A) All are unicellular.

Which of the following statements regarding fungi is FALSE? A) Most fungi are pathogenic for humans. B) Fungi tolerate low moisture conditions. C) Most fungi grow well in acidic culture condition. D) Fungi reproduce by forming asexual or sexual spores. E) Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs.

A) Most fungi are pathogenic for humans

Seventeen patients in ten hospitals had cutaneous infections caused by Rhizopus. In all seventeen patients, Elastoplast bandages were placed over sterile gauze pads to cover wounds. Fourteen of the patients had surgical wounds, two had venous line insertion sites, and one had a bite wound. Lesions present when the bandages were removed ranged from vesiculopustular eruptions to ulcerations and skin necrosis requiring debridement. Fungi are more likely than bacteria to contaminate bandages because they A) can tolerate low-moisture conditions. B) are aerobic. C) have a fermentative metabolism. D) cannot tolerate high osmotic pressure. E) prefer a neutral environment (pH 7).

A) can tolerate low-moisture conditions.

The encysted larva of the beef tapeworm is called a A) cysticercus. B) metacercaria. C) proglottid. D) redia. E) cercaria.

A) cysticercus.

Which of the following is the most effective control for malaria? A) eliminate Anopheles B) vaccination C) eliminate the intermediate host D) treating patients E) None of these is an effective control.

A) eliminate Anopheles

Ringworm is caused by a(n) A) fungus. B) cestode. C) trematode. D) protozoan. E) nematode.

A) fungus.

Assume you have isolated a multicellular heterotrphic organism that produces coenocytic hyphae, motile zoospores, and cellulose cell walss. It is most likely an A) oomycote alga. B) green alga. C) zygomycete fungus. D) ascomycete fungus. E) tapeworm.

A) oomycote alga

Yeast infections are caused by A) Histoplasma. B) Candida albicans C) Penicillium. D) Aspergillus. E) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

B) Candida albicans

You see acid-fast oocysts in a fecal from a patient who has diarrea. What is the MOST likely cause? A) Taenia B) Cryptosporidium C) diatoms D) Entamoeba E) Giardia

B) Cryptosporidium

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) systemic mycosis — fungal infection of body organs B) coenocytic hyphae — hyphae with cross-walls C) dermatomycosis — fungal infection of the skin D) teleomorph — produces both sexual and asexual spores E) dimorphic fungus — grows as a yeast or a mold

B) coenocytic hyphae — hyphae with cross-walls

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) red algae

B) green algae

All of the following are characteristic of the Platyhelminthes EXCEPT that they A) are multicellular animals. B) have highly developed digestive and nervous systems. C) can be divided into flukes and tapeworms. D) are hermaphroditic. E) are dorsoventrally flattened.

B) have highly developed digestive and nervous systems.

Below are paired items referring to the heartworm Dirofilaria immitis. Which of the pairs is mismatched? A) mosquito

B) mosquito

In the microscope, you observe multinucleated amoeboid cells with sporangia that form spores. This is a(n) A) tapeworm. B) plasmodial slime mold. C) cellular slime mold. D) Euglenozoa. E) ascomycete.

B) plasmodial slime mold

Which of the following statements regarding lichens is FALSE? A) The fungal partner provides a means of attachment and protects the algal partner from desiccation. B) Lichens are often the first life form to colonize rock or soil. C) Lichens are very tolerant to pollution. D) The algal partner produces carbohydrates that are absorbed by the fungal partner. E) Lichens represent a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.

C) Lichens are very tolerant to pollution.

Which of the following statements regarding protozoa is FALSE? A) Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotes. B) Protozoa are common in water and soil. C) Nearly all protozoa cause disease. D) Some protozoan pathogens are transmitted by arthropod vectors. E) Most protozoa reproduce asexually.

C) Nearly all protozoa cause disease.

definitive host harbors which stage of a parasite? A) larva B) miracidium C) adult D) cyst E) All of the answers are correct.

C) adult

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) cestodes — segmented body made of proglottids B) nematodes — many are free-living C) cestodes — all are free-living D) trematodes — flukes E) nematodes — complete digestive tract

C) cestodes — all are free-living

Which of the following groups of algae does NOT produce compounds that are toxic to humans? A) red algae B) dinoflagellates C) green algae D) diatoms E) None of the answers is correct; all of these groups of algae produce compounds toxic to humans.

C) green algae

What do tapeworms eat? A) plant matter B) intestinal bacteria C) intestinal contents D) host tissues E) red blood cells

C) intestinal contents

Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they A) lack nuclei. B) do produce cysts. C) lack mitochondria. D) do not produce cysts. E) are motile.

C) lack mitochondria.

Which of the following tends to be more complex in a parasitic helminth than in free-living helminths? A) digestive system B) nervous system C) reproductive system D) digestive and nervous systems E) digestive, reproductive, and nervous systems

C) reproductive system

All of the following are characteristic of lichens EXCEPT A) they are arranged in foliose, fruticose, or crustose morphologies. B) they are a major food source for tundra herbivores. C) they are a symbiotic relationship of a fungus and a protozoan. D) they serve as primary producers in rocky ecosystems. E) they are used as indicators of air pollution.

C) they are a symbiotic relationship of a fungus and a protozoan.

Which of the following statements about the oomycote algae is FALSE? A) They produce zoospores in a sporangium. B) They form hyphae. C) They cause plant diseases. D) They have chlorophyll. E) They reproduce sexually.

D) They have chlorophyll.

Which of the following is a nucleated, unicellular organism that, if you changed the incubation temperature, would form filaments with conidiospores? A) euglenozoa B) plasmodial slime mold C) cellular slime mold D) ascomycete E) tapeworm

D) ascomycete

Helminthic diseases are usually transmitted to humans by A) genitourinary route. B) vectors. C) respiratory route. D) gastrointestinal route. E) aerosols.

D) gastrointestinal route.

If a larva of Echinococcus granulosus is found in humans, humans are the A) infected host. B) definitive host. C) reservoir. D) intermediate host. E) None of the answers is correct.

D) intermediate host.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) mosquito

D) mosquito

All of the following are characteristic of algae EXCEPT 1) A) they may be unicellular or multicellular. B) most are photoautotrophs. C) they mostly live in aquatic habitats. D) they are classified as plants. E) some produce harmful toxins.

D) they are classified as plants.

1-Arthroconidium 2-Ascospore 3-Basidiospore 4-Blastoconidium 5-Chlamydoconidium 6-Conidiospore 7-Sporangiospore 8-Zygospore In Table 12.1, which of these spores are characteristic of Rhizopus? A) 1and2 B) 1and4 C) 2and8 D) 6and7 E)7and8

E) 7and8

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Fungi produce sexual spores. B) Fungi produce asexual spores. C) Fungal spores are for asexual or sexual reproduction. D) Fungal spores are used in identification of fungi. E) Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents.

E) Fungal spores are highly resistant to heat and chemical agents.

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) Ascomycota — conidiospores B) microsporidia — lack mitochondria C) Basidiomycota — basidiospores D) Zygomycota — sporangiospores E) anamorphs — lack spores

E) anamorphs — lack spores

You observe a mass of amoeba- like cells that swarm together, form a stalk, and produce spores. This is an A) tapeworm. B) Euglenozoa. C) plasmodial slime mold. D) ascomycete. E) cellular slime mold.

E) cellular slime mold

The life cycle of the fish tapeworm is similar to that of the beef tapeworm. Which of the following is the most effective preventive measure? A) salting fish before eating B) wearing gloves while handling fish C) not swimming in fish-infested waters D) refrigerating stored fish E) cooking fish before eating

E) cooking fish before eating

In mid-December, a woman with insulin-dependent diabetes who had been on prednisone fell and received an abrasion on the dorsal side of her right hand. She was placed on penicillin. By the end of January, the ulcer had not healed, and she was referred to a plastic surgeon. On January 30, a swab of the wound was cultured at 35°C on blood agar. On the same day, a smear was made for Gram staining. The Gram stain showed large (10 μm) cells. Brownish, waxy colonies grew on the blood agar. Slide cultures set up on February 1 and incubated at 25°C showed septate hyphae and single conidia. The most likely cause of the infection is a A) protozoan. B) gram-negative bacterium. C) yeast. D) parasitic alga. E) dimorphic fungus.

E) dimorphic fungus.

Which of the following arthropods does NOT transmit diseases by sucking blood from a human host? A) fleas B) lice C) kissing bugs D) mosquitoes E) houseflies

E) houseflies

Three weeks after a river rafting trip, three family members experienced symptoms of coughing, fever, and chest pain. During the rafting trip, the family had consumed crayfish that they caught along the river banks. An examination of the patients' sputum revealed helminth eggs, and serum samples were positive for antibodies to Paragonimus. All of the family members recovered following treatment with praziquantel. In the Paragonimus life cycle, A) both humans and crayfish are intermediate hosts. B) the source of the infection was the river water. C) the crayfish are the definitive host and humans are the intermediate host. D) both humans and crayfish are definitive hosts. E) humans are the definitive host and crayfish are the intermediate host.

E) humans are the definitive host and crayfish are the intermediate host.

In the malaria parasite life cycle A) humans are the intermediate host. B) mosquitoes are the definitive host. C) mosquitoes are the vector. D) humans are the intermediate host and mosquitos are the definitive host. E) humans are the intermediate host and mosquitoes are both the definitive host and the vector.

E) humans are the intermediate host and mosquitoes are both the definitive host and the vector.

The cells of plasmodial slime molds can grow to several centimeters in diameter because A) the large surface can absorb nutrients. B) they have organelles. C) they form spores. D) they have a mouth to ingest nutrients. E) they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.

E) they distribute nutrients by cytoplasmic streaming.

Both the cellular slime molds and the plasmodial slime molds are members of the phylum Amoebozoa. T or F

False

Cercariae, metacercaria, redia, and sporocysts are all life cycle stages of trematodes. T or F

False

In helminth life cycles, the organism that harbors the sexually reproductive phase of the parasite is called the intermediate host. T or F

False

Most cases of hookworm infection are acquires by ingestion of eggs in contaminated food or water T or F

False

The Platyhelminthes group includes roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. T or F

False

The insect vectors have six legs and include ticks, mosquitoes, and lice. T or F

False

Arthropod vectors are blood-sucking animals such as ticks, lice, and fleas that transmit microbial pathogens. T or F

True

Plasmogamy, karyogamy, and meiosis are stages of the fungal sexual life cycle. T or F

True

Some species of dinoflagellates produce neurotoxins that cause fish kills and red tides. T or F

True

The sporozoite, merozoite, gametocyte, and ring stages are all part of the Plasmodium life cycle. T or F

True