Micro chapter 3

Prokaryotic ribosomes are made of two subunits; the larger is ____ , and the smaller is ____ .

50S, 30S

Which of the following is not seen in binary fission? DNA replication Cell elongates Cell plate starts to form Cell is partitioned

Cell plate starts to form

The _______ technique allows scientists to classify bacteria based on cell wall structure.

Gram stain

_______ have a cell wall with a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain _______ in the Gram stain procedure.

Gram-positive bacteria; purple

Which of the following is not seen in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria structures? Glycocalyx Peptidoglycan Outer membrane Inclusion bodies

Outer membrane

Archaea tend to exhibit a lot more diversity in their cell walls than do bacteria.

True

Because Gram-negative cells have a thin layer of peptidoglycan, they tend to be less sensitive to penicillin-based drugs than are Gram-positive bacteria.

True

Gram-positive bacteria are more susceptible to penicillin than Gram-negative bacteria.

True

Prokaryotes are all unicellular and lack a membrane-bound nucleus as well as other membrane-bound organelles.

True

The frequency of binary fission differs from species to species and is greatly affected by environmental conditions such as nutrient availability.

True

Genera Nocardia and Mycobacterium are the best-known examples of

acid-fast bacteria.

In ________ reproduction, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

asexual

A population of prokaryotic cells with rod or cylindrical shapes are called

bacilli

Most prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually by

binary fission

Archaea and Bacteria differ in their

cell wall composition.

The Gram stain technique allows us to classify cells based on

cell wall structure.

Prokaryotic chromosome is

double-stranded DNA.

The capacity to make __________ allows dangerous pathogens like Clostridium tetani, C. botulinum, C. perfringens, and C. difficile to survive for extended periods on surfaces.

endospores

Prokaryotes can store a variety of substances such as enzymes, iron, glycogen, and poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in

inclusion bodies

Drugs face challenges in crossing the waxy cell wall of acid-fast bacteria; thus, patients infected with acid-fast pathogens are not treatable. synthesizing effective drugs to treat this type of infection is impossible. multidrug therapies in patients infected with acid-fast pathogens are usually employed. the bacteria can mutate very quickly.

multidrug therapies in patients infected with acid-fast pathogens are usually employed.

Prokaryotic DNA is typically organized into a single, circular chromosome, located in the ____ region of the cell.

nucleoid

Hardiness of Gram-negative bacteria is in part due to their _________ , a selective barrier that guards against damage by certain antimicrobial agents.

outer membrane

Bacteria use ___________ as a core component of their cell walls.

peptidoglycan

Archaea and Bacteria domains consist of

prokaryotes

Prokaryotic cells that are comma-shaped are called

vibrio

When a cell is in a hypertonic environment, _______. Choose all that apply. water is drawn out of the cell cell lysis will occur if the cell wall is damaged cell plasmolysis will occur the cell does not experience an effect

water is drawn out of the cell, cell plasmolysis will occur