Micro Test 2 Sample Questions

Which of the following is not a type of viral nucleic acid? A. Single-stranded DNA B. Double-stranded RNA C. Double-stranded DNA D. Segmented RNA E. All of the types listed are found in viruses.

E. All of the types listed are found in viruses.

Which descriptors are likely to have applied to the earliest microbes on the planet? A.Chemoautotrophic B. Thermomophile C. Chemoheterotrophic D. Two of the above

D. Two of the above

In bacterial cells, when glucose is completely oxidized by all the pathways of aerobic cellular respiration, what is the maximum number of ATP generated? A. 2 ATP B. 3 ATP C. 24 ATP D. 42 ATP E. 38 ATP

E. 38 ATP

Mineral ions used in microbial nutrition include A. Sodium B. Potassium C. Calcium D. Magnesium E. All of the above

E. All of the above

What are better terms to describe viruses than dead or alive?

active or inactive

T/F: Ionizing radiation can be used for sterilizing drugs, medical instruments, surgical gloves, skin/bone for surgical use, heart valves

True

T/F: Osmotic pressure is never a sterilizing technique

True

T/F: Transport of necessary nutrients occurs across the cell membrane, even in organisms with cell walls. (

True

T/F: Viruses are the most common cause of acute infections that do not result in hospitalization

True

T/F: Viruses are unable to multiply outside of a host cell

True

T/F: Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections.

True

T/F: When a viruses enters a host cell, the viral genes the genetic and metabolic actives of the host cell

True

Instead of antibiotics, which do not work against viruses, ____________ have been used to combat them.

VACCINES

Antibiotics targeting bacteria have proliferated since the mid 1900s. Antiviral medications are few, and were developed only recently. What alternative control strategy did the medical field employ against viral diseases, starting more than 200 years ago?

Vacines (viral ones first then targeting bacteria later)

When glucose is broken down by glycolysis during bacterial fermentation, how many ATP are generated? A. 2 ATP B. 3 ATP C. 24 ATP D. 36 ATP E. 38 ATP

A. 2 ATP

Formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to build a polypeptide would be called A. Anabolism B. Phosphorylation C. Fermentation D. Exergonic E. Glycolysis

A. Anabolism

Which of the following diseases is not caused by a noncellular infectious agent? A. AIDS B. TB C. Small pox D. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease E. Measles

B. TB

SARS causes

Coronavirus

T/F: A specific animal virus has the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell

False

T/F: Anaerobic pathways produce as much ATP as aerobic respiration

False

T/F: Antibiotics are an effective method for treating viral infections.

False

Rotavirus causes

Gastroenteritis

Herpes Simplex II causes

Genital Herpes

The catalase test is done by placing a drop of hydrogen peroxide on a microscope slide. A sample is placed and mixed with the drop. If the mixture produces bubbles or froth, the organism is said to be

'catalase-positive'

A physician has ordered hypotonic parenteral therapy for a post-op client over a 24 hour period. Based on this order, what is the priority nursing action? A. Assess the patient's lab and verify the order with the pharmacy prior to hanging the ordered fluid B. Contact the physician and request an order for hypertonic solution instead C. Place the client on intake / output measures D. Begin intravenous hypotonic fluids immediately

A. Assess the patient's lab and verify the order with the pharmacy prior to hanging the ordered fluid

Genital herpes is an example of an infection that A. Can be present in a latent stage B. Results from the fusion od multiple host cells into single large cells C. Is a provirus D. Causes disease only once

A. Can be present in a latent stage

In bacterial cells, the electron transport system is located in the A. Cell membrane B. Mitochondria C. Chloroplasts. Pg. 193 194 in eukaryotes it takes place in the mitochondria D. Ribosomes E. Cytoplasm

A. Cell membrane

Most electron carriers are A. Coenzymes B. Enzymes C. Hydrogens D. Inorganic Phosphates E. All of the choices are correct

A. Coenzymes

NADH and FADH2 molecules are oxidized in which step of the aerobic respiration process? A. Electron transport system B. Krebs cycle C. Glycolysis D. Dtep before Krebs cycle

A. Electron transport system

Which of the following is true of passive transport? A. It requires a gradient B. It uses the cell wall C. It includes endocytosis D. It only moves water

A. It requires a gradient

Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called A. Plaques B. Pocks C. Colonies D. Prions

A. Plaques

The host cells that viruses can infect is determined by the A. Receptors on the host cells B. DNA in the host cells C. Proximity of the host cells D. Concentration of the host cells in vicinity

A. Receptors on the host cells

A virus that undergoes lysogency is a/an A. Temperate phage B. Intemperate phage C. T-even phage D. animal virus E. DNA virus

A. Temperate phage

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Bovine spongiform encephalopathy are caused by prions. Which of the following best describes a prion? A. Viral particle B. Naked DNA C. Infectious protein D. Small bacterium E. Naked RNA

A. Viral particle

Important components of coenzymes are: A. Vitamins B. Metallic Ions C. Active Sites D. Substrates E. Ribozymes

A. Vitamins

The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are A. adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release B. endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly, budding C. adsorption, uncoating, duplication, assembly, penetration D. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, exocytosis

A. adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release

HIV causes

AIDS

Put the steps of the bacterial growth curve in the correct order: A. Death phase B. Lag phase C. Exponential phase D. Stationary phase

B, C, D, A

--% of human DNA is thought to consist of viral DNA sequences. A. 0.08 B. 8 C. 1 D. 45

B. 8

In the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate A. ATP B. ADP(to make it into high energy ATP) C. pyruvic acid D. oxygen E. NAD

B. ADP(to make it into high energy ATP)

What diagnostic methods would be used to differentials between bacteria and viral infections in the clinic setting. Select all that apply. A. Determination of whether patient is experiencing nausea or vomiting B. Blood cultures C. Rapid strep test D. Initiation of antibiotic therapy E. CBC with differential

B. Blood cultures C. Rapid strep test E. CBC with differential

The breakdown of peptidoglycan to N-acetylmuramic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and peptides is an example of A. Anabolism B. Catabolism C. Phosphorylation D. Fermentation E. Synthesis.

B. Catabolism

Which of the following terms describes an organism that derives its energy and carbon from organic molecules? A. Photoautotroph B. Chemoheterotroph C. Lithoautotroph D. Chemoautotroph E. Photoheterotroph

B. Chemoheterotroph

Which statements are true with respect to environmental factors' influence on microbes? Select all that apply. A. The optimum temperature range for microbes reflects the highest temp at which growth will occur B. Microbial cells often adapt to the temperature of their habitat, modifying their metabolic processes to allow for survival C. Certain microbes require a higher carbon dioxide concentration for growth than that found in our atmosphere D. All microbes live and/or grow within a narrow pH range of 6 to 8 E. The majority of microbes live in hypotonic and/or isotonic solutions

B. Microbial cells often adapt to the temperature of their habitat, modifying their metabolic processes to allow for survival C. Certain microbes require a higher carbon dioxide concentration for growth than that found in our atmosphere E. The majority of microbes live in hypotonic and/or isotonic solutions

Natural habitats of psychrophilic bacteria, fungi, and algae are lakes, rivers, snowfields, polar ice, and the deep ocean. They are rarely pathogenic why?

Body temperatures are too high for them to grow (cannot grow above 20 C, body temp is 31.6 C)

Since 2000, the number of orders of viruses recognized by the ICTV has risen from __ to __ A. 5, 10 B. 20, 50 C. 1, 8 D. 250, 750

C. 1, 8

Which of the following is not an in vivo method of culturing animal viruses? A. Embryonated chicken eggs B. Guinea pigs C. Dog kidney cell cultures D. White mice E. All of the choices are in vivo methods

C. Dog kidney cell cultures

The cell's metabolic reactions involve the participation of _____ that lower the activation energy needed for the initiation of a reaction A. Cofactors B. Vitamins C. Enzymes D. ATP E. Coenzymes

C. Enzymes

Which of the following is a known association between viruses and cancers? A. Papilomavirus causes cancer B. Infection with herpes leads to AIDS C. Hep. B is associated with liver cancer D. Papilomavirus is associated with gastric cancer

C. Hep. B is associated with liver cancer

When phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleic acid of its host cell and is replicated when the host DNA is replicated, this is considered part of which cycle? A. Lytic cycle B. Virulence cycle C. Lysogenic cycle D. Cell cycle E. Multiplication cycle

C. Lysogenic cycle

Which of the following best describe viruses? A. Heterotrophic B. Saprobic C. Obligate Intracellular parasite D. Chemoautotrophic E. Photosynthetic

C. Obligate Intracellular parasite

Exergonic reactions A. Include synthesis of large carbohydrates B. Only occur in heterotrophs C. Release energy D. Do not occur in anaerobic cellular respiration E. Occur when ADP binds to inorganic phosphate to form ATP.

C. Release energy

Glycolysis A. Uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, and requires oxygen B. Uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, and requires oxygen C. Uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, without using oxygen D. Uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, without using oxygen E. None of the choices is correct.

C. Uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, without using oxygen

Put the phases of the life cycle of animal viruses in the correct order. A. Assembly B. Penetration C. Release D. Adsorption E. Synthesis F. Uncoating

D, B, F, E, A, C

Which Statements are accurate regarding properties of viruses? Select all that apply. A. Viruses are cell structures that are compact and economical B. Viruses can be living molecules outside the host cell C. The basic structure of a virus is composed simply of a protein shell D. Viruses do not contain enzymes for most metabolic processes E. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA

D, E

Metabolic pathways that regenerate their starting point are called _____ pathways A. Linear B. Bidirectional C. Convergent D. Cyclic E. Divergent

D. Cyclic

FAD, NAD, and coenzyme A are all _____ carriers A. Hydrogen B. Electron C. ATP D. Hydrogen and electron E. None of the choices is correct

D. Hydrogen and electron

A saprobe derives its energy from A. Sunlight B. Conversion of nutrients from other organisms C. Utilizing the tissues/fluids of a living host D. Metabolizing the organic matter of dead organisms

D. Metabolizing the organic matter of dead organisms

Which of the following describes an association between microbes in which one organism is benefitted and one is harmed in some way? A. Mutualism B. Synergism C. Commensalism D. Parasitism E. Antagonism

D. Parasitism

The redox carriers of the electron transport chain that have a tightly bound metal atom responsible for accepting and donating electrons are A. NAD B. FAD C. NADP D. The cytochromes E. The flavoproteins The building block molecules for biosynthetic pathways come from the cell's catabolic pathways and from the environment.

D. The cytochromes

Each of the following is true of enzymes except: A.They can be used over and over B. They may or may not require cofactors C. Their active site is specific to the substrate D. They increase the initial energy required for a reaction to start E. All of the choices are true of enzymes.

D. They increase the initial energy required for a reaction to start

Parvovirus causes

Erythema infectiosum (skin condition)

Ionizing radiation can be used for A. sterilizing drugs B. Medical instruments C. Surgical gloves D. Skin/bone for surgical use E. Heart valves F. All the Above

F. All the Above

Influenza virus

Influenza

Would a light microscopy be useful for the diagnosis of viral infections?

No, viruses are too small to be seen with light microscopy. However, it can suggest a lack of bacteria which would point to a virus present.

What gases have the most influence on microbial growth?

O2 CO2

Poliovirus causes

Poliomyelitis

Variola Virus causes

Small Pox

Mesophiles like it cozy warm. They are the majority of medically significant microorganisms, why?

Their optimal growing temps are 20-40C, body temperature is right in the middle.

What does it mean when viruses are filterable?

fluids from host organisms passed through porcelain filters designed to trap bacteria, the filtrate remained infectious.