Micro Wk 1 Practice Questions

NCLEX - The laboratory report concludes that the diagnosis is salmonellosis caused by Salmonella infection. Remembering resources available for prokaryotic identification, the RN speculates that the laboratory technicians may have used __ A. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because it classifies prokaryotes based on phenotypic traits typically tested for in clinical settings B. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because rRNA analysis was required in the identification of this pathogen C. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology because its five volumes of information were necessary for phenotypic identification of this pathogen D. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because they needed to fully understand the evolutionary background of the pathogen

A. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology because it classifies prokaryotes based on phenotypic traits typically tested for in clinical settings

NCLEX - The patient asks how microbes from her body can be grown in the lab. The RN explains that specimens are introduced to nutrient medium and that any growth of the microbe that appears after incubating the specimen is called the A. Culture B. Colony C. Infectious agent D. Microorganism

A. Culture

Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of: A. Decomposition B. Epidemiology C. Biotechnology D. Immunology E. Bioremediation

E. Bioremediation

All bacterial cells have __ A. Flagella B. The ability to produce endospores C. Capsules D. One or more fimbrae E. One or more chromosomes

E. One or more chromosomes

The Nobel Prize was awarded to Kary Mullis in 1993 for inventing what technique to amplify and subsequently analyze DNA? A. Small RNA analysis B. The central dogma of biology C. Human microbiome project D. Restriction enzyme analysis E. Polymerase chain reaction

E. Polymerase chain reaction

NCLEX - The sterile vaginal fluid specimen is sent for culture. The RN educates the patient about the five basic techniques utilized by laboratory technicians to manipulate, grow, examine, and characterize any microorganisms present in the specimen. Which of the following is the correct order of steps for processing the specimen? A. Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification B. Isolation, incubation, inspection, identification, inoculation C. Inspection, identification, isolation, incubation, inoculation D. Identification, isolation, incubation, inspection, inoculation

A. Inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification

NCLEX - The RN understands that along with a pH test, a microscopic view is needed to perform the ferning test to detect an amniotic fluid leak. The patient sample is prepared on a glass slide and examined under 10x magnification. Which type of microscope will be used to make this observation of the patient sample A. Light microscope B. Confocal microscope C. Electron microscope D. Fluorescent micropscope

A. Light microscope

NCLEX - The nurse implements an extensive nutrition education plan for Breonna, beginning at the molecular level. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four main families of biological molecules referred to as __ A. Macromolecules B. Micromolecules C. Polysaccharides D. Monosaccharides

A. Macromolecules

NCLEX - Viruses may also be transmitted to patients, even though they differ from bacteria in that they are __ A. Noncellular particles B. Parasitic invertebrate animals C. Metabolically active eukaryotes D. Infectious proteins

A. Noncellular particles

Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce its real image? A. Objective lens B. Condenser C. Ocular lens D. Body

A. Objective lens

NCLEX - Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. Based upon this information, which of the following accurately describes the appearance of the bacterium under magnification? A. Red rods B. Red spheres C. Purple spheres D. Purple rods

A. Red rods

NCLEX - Ms. Hungh's acid-fast stain results resulted as inconclusive for the presence of acid-fast bacilli. Culturing of the sputum is performed in order to isolate microbial growth for further analysis. Lowenstein-Jensen medium is utilized to select for the growth of Mycobacterium species if present in the sample, while suppressing unwanted background organisms. What is the proper term for this type of medium? A. Selective medium B. None of the choices are correct C. Differential medium & selective medium D. Differential medium

A. Selective medium

The term that refers to flagella at both poles is __ A. Atricous B. Amphitrichous C. Peritrichous D. Lophotrichous E. Monotrichous

B. Amphitrichous

NCLEX - The structure of proteins is complex and unique, and only specific molecules can interact with their surface features. The natural shape of each protein is termed the native state. When proteins are exposed to heat, acid, or alcohol, their shape is disrupted and they become nonfunctional or __ A. Depolymerized B. Denatured C. Distorted D. Digested

B. Denatured

NCLEX - The provider educates the patient about his condition, based on information from the laboratory findings and clinical presentation. Later, the RN reinforces the teaching and explains why this infection may be difficult to treat with antibiotics. Which part of the cell envelope restricts the passage of many of drugs into gram-negative bacteria? A. Peptidoglycan B. Outer membrane layer C. Cell membrane D. Lipopolysaccharides

B. Outer membrane layer

NCLEX - The patient is diagnosed with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection, a foodborne illness. The identification of the bacterial subspecies is important for developing his treatment plan and was possible due to __ A. The analysis of the pathogen's mmotility B. The analysis of antibody. reactions against the pathogen C. The analysis of the pathogen's Gram stain D. The analysis of bacterial growth on a solid agar culture

B. The analysis of antibody. reactions against the pathogen

NCLEX - Further microscopic analysis of negatively stained specimens reveals a colorless ring around each of the spherical cells against a dark background. This clearing indicates that the pathogen possesses which structure(s)? A. Endospores B. A nucleoid C. A capsule D. Pili

C. A capsule

NCLEX - The RN provides education for the family about the laboratory findings. Which of the following statements correctly describes the medical importance of a bacterial capsule? A. A capsule allows a bacterium to survive in a dormant state, creating a prolonged course of illness B. A capsule decreases a bacterium's pathogenicity and makes it susceptible to antibiotic treatment C. A capsule can protect a bacterium from the phagocytic activities of white blood cells, enhancing its ability to cause disease D. A capsule is a slime layer that causes a bacterium to attach to body tissues, making it invasive and difficult to treat

C. A capsule can protect a bacterium from the phagocytic activities of white blood cells, enhancing its ability to cause disease

A sputum sample is ordered for microbial analysis in order to rule out the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Suspecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be the pathogen, the RN knows the laboratory technicians will perform which stain on the sample? A. Negative stain B. Endospore stain C. Acid-fast stain D. Flagellar stain

C. Acid-fast stain

NCLEX - The patient's culture results positive for Staphylococcus. The RN understands that the culture most likely required growth on a complex medium, consisting of A. Chemical growth inhibitors B. An exact chemical formula C. At least one ingredient that is not chemically defined D. None of the choices are correct

C. At least one ingredient that is not chemically defined

NCLEX - When utilizing a light microscope, the specimen on the glass slide must be in proper position to ensure illumination of the specimen for visualization. The glass slide is placed in which of the following positions? A. Between the ocular lens & objective lens B. Directly on top of the light source C. Between the condenser lens & objective lens D. Between the light source and the condenser lens

C. Between the condenser lens and the objective lens

NCLEX - Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of grapelike clusters of gram-positive cocci. The RN educates the patient that the species identification of the organism will require biochemical testing, which aids in microbial identification by providing information on cellular metabolism. Which of the following statements by the patient demonstrates understanding of the nurse's teaching? A. Biochemical tests can determine the presence of enzymes in the sample B. Biochemical tests can provide information about the microbe's mechanism for deriving energy C. Biochemical tests can provide information about products given off during growth D. All of these statements are correct E. Biochemical tests can determine the organism's nutrient requirements.

C. Biochemical tests can provide information about products given off during growth

NCLEX - Testing is performed on the specimen in the laboratory, including the Gram stain. This test separates bacteria into two broad classes: gram-positive and gram-negative. Which step in the staining process is the differential step, for it only acts upon one type of cell? A. Addition of crystal violet B. Addition of safranin (counterstain) C. Decolorization with alcohol D. Addition of Gram's iodine (mordant)

C. Decolorization with alcohol

NCLEX - Gram staining reveals the presence of gram-negative bacilli in the patient's stool. The RN understands how this bacterium would cause the patient's spike in temperature. Which of the following is the correct explanation for this patient's fever? A. Gram-negative bacteria have two periplasmic spaces, which enhance their ability to cause fever B. Gram-negative bacteria have porin proteins in their outer membrane, which confer their ability to cause fever C. Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in their outer membrane, and the lipid portion confers their ability to cause fever D. Gram-negative bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer which confers their ability to cause fever

C. Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharide in their outer membrane, and the lipid portion confers their ability to cause fever

NCLEX - Culturing of the sputum resulted in the growth of distinct colonies and further isolation by subculturing is now needed. The RN understands that isolation is accomplished by taking a bit of growth from an individual colony and inoculating a separate medium, resulting in the production of a(n) __ A. Isolated culture B. Mixed culture C. Pure culture D. Simple culture

C. Pure culture

NCLEX - Many microbes that inhabit the skin have the potential to cause disease. One such pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. The genus name of this organism is most properly represented as __ A. aureus B. Aureus C. Staphylococcus D. staphylococcus

C. Staphylococcus

NCLEX - Cultures and specimens pose a potential health hazard and require proper handling and disposal via specific medical waste policies. Some facilities are regulated to maintain living catalogs of specimens that may be subcultured into a fresh medium for research and educational purposes. Such collections are referred to as __ A. Reserved specimens B. Live microbes C. Stock culture D. Bacteriological reserve

C. Stock culture

NCLEX - The patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection after gram-positive cocci are detected in the fluid sample. The Gram stain involves A. Application of the dye, carbol fuchsin, followed by an acid alcohol rinse B. Application of India ink to detect the presence of bacterial capsules C. Timed, sequential applications of crystal violet dye, iodine, an alcohol rinse, and a contrasting counterstain to the sample D. Forcing a dye into resistant bodies with heat to distinguish between spores and cells

C. Timed, sequential applications of crystal violet dye, iodine, an alcohol rinse, and a contrasting counterstain to the sample

A human squamous epithelial cell measures 75 µm in diameter. The size of this cell represented in millimeters (mm) would be __ mm A. 750 B. 0.75 C. 75,000 D. 0.075

D. 0.075

NCLEX - You inform Breonna that it is important for her to maintain a diet rich in carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, so that each of these macromolecules can be metabolized to form a high-energy compound called A. RNA B. NAD C. cGMP D. ATP

D. ATP

NCLEX - Hand washing in the healthcare environment is aimed at reducing the number of microbes in the medical setting to prevent the spread of infection and disease. Which of these terms best represents this technique? A. Sterilization B. Antisepsis C. Disinfection D. Asepsis

D. Asepsis

NCLEX - The laboratory report shows that a motility test was performed on the sample with positive results. Thinking about bacterial movement, the RN is aware that this bacterium could possess which structure(s) for motility? A. Endospores B. Pseudopodia C. Pili D. One or more flagella

D. One or more flagella

NCLEX - Wanda is receptive to the nurse's teaching. In reinforcing the prevalence of microbes in our environment, the nurse describes the experiments of Louis Pasteur. Pasteur hypothesized that microbes were in the air and dust. Through experiments using swan-necked flasks, he disproved the concept of __ A. Aseptic theory B. Biogenesis C. Spontaneous mutation D. Spontaneous generation

D. Spontaneous generation

NCLEX - Specimen collection from the patient is ordered for microbial analysis in the hospital laboratory. Based upon the patient's symptoms (bloody diarrhea and severe stomach ache), which of the following samples would the RN expect to be ordered for collection? A. Aseptic collection of cerebrospinal fluid B. Clean catch urine sample C. Aseptic collection of sputum D. Stool sample

D. Stool sample

NCLEX - The specimens are Gram-stained and analyzed microscopically. The laboratory technician observes spherical purple cells arranged in short chains. Based upon this evidence, which of the following microbes is potentially the pathogen affecting the patient? A. Staph aureus B. Vibrio cholerae C. Bacillus cereus D. Strep pneumoniae

D. Strep pneumoniae