Microbio HOMEWORK CHP 6

If you could design a drug to "hide" or block sialic acid on respiratory cells, what stage of the life cycle of influenza would be directly impacted?

Adsorbtion

Of all infectious agents, which group has the most variety of drugs designed to treat infections?

Bacteria

How does lysogeny affect humans?

Bacteria can become virulent due to phage genes, causing greater damage to infected human host.

Rabies virus has a _____ host range as compared to hepatitis B virus.

Broad

Enveloped viruses are usually released from the host cell by

Budding/exocytosis

Order these steps of the lytic cycle. A. Assembly B. Penetration C. Lysis D. Synthesis E. Adsorption

E, B, D, A, C

A naked virus fuses with the host cell membrane.

FALSE

Bacteriophage can infect many types of bacterial cells.

False. Different Bacteriaphages are specific to different bacterias

Why are CD4 counts related to HIV infection?

HIV can only bind to cells with CD4 receptors.

The activation of a prophage to enter the lytic cycle is called

Induction

Which drug targets can be found on both bacterial cells and viral particles? Cell wall Protein synthesis machinery Metabolic pathways None of the above are possessed by bacteria. None of the above are possessed by viruses.

None of the above are possessed by viruses.

Three or more watery stools within a 24-hour period of time describes infection with ______.

Salmonella

Enveloped viruses use glycoproteins called _____ to specifically bind with their host cells.

Spikes

A portion of the viral envelope comes from the cell membrane of the host cell.

TRUE

Almost immediately upon entry, the viral nucleic acid alters the genetic expression of the host cell.

TRUE

Bacteriophage DNA directs the degradation of the bacterial host cell's DNA.

TRUE

Both enveloped and naked viruses can enter a cell by endocytosis.

TRUE

Both lytic and lysogenic cycles eventually lead to bacterial host cell damage.

TRUE

A bacteriophage initially associates with which bacterial structure?

The bacterial cell wall

How are temperate phages replicated?

The phage is replicated along with the host cell's genome.

What will happen once a virus has entered a host cell and uncoated?

The synthesis of new virions will occur.

Rather than developing more antiviral medications, what is a more common focus for researchers when it comes to viral disease?

Vaccine development

Virus X can infect rodents and birds, whereas Virus Y infects humans. Which has a broader host range?

Virus X

Why do antiviral medications often have side effects?

Viruses are intracellular pathogens, and therefore, there is often host cell damage with antiviral treatments.

Antibiotics would be effective against which of these infections? Check all that apply. Whooping cough Chickenpox Syphilis Cholera Cold sores Genital warts

Whooping cough, Syphilis and Cholera

Viral spikes

attach specifically to host cell receptors.

Every virus particle contains _____.

either DNA or RNA

The final step in T2 bacteriophage infection results in

lysis of the bacterial cell and release of new viral particles.

When present, what is the viral envelope composed of?

mainly lipids

Once inside the host cell, viral DNA directs production of ______.

new viral particles

An infection in animals similar to a lysogeny in bacteria is called a(n) ______ infection.

persistent

Viral capsids are composed of _____.

protein

In viral entry by endocytosis

the host cell's plasma membrane surrounds the whole virion and forms a vesicle.