microbio module 2

mesophiles

grow at 20-40

Bacterial endospores usually function in

survival

true of viruses

technically not microbes, smaller than bacteria, morphology is used to classify, cannot reproduce on their own

Find the true statement about biofilms.

They complicate the treatment of some infections.

The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are

adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release.

negative stains are

an indirect staining process

simple stains are

applied to specimen after fixation onto the slide

stages of viral infection for bacteria

attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release

Most bacteria increase their numbers by

binary fission

Which of these groups now causes more deaths on an annual basis globally than breast cancer?

fungi

Which of these organisms has the best potential to survive in extreme environments?

fungus

general purpose media

grow broad spectrum of microbes without special growth requirements

differential media

grow several types of microorganisms

Which of the following would be most useful to determine whether a clinical isolate is a bacterium, fungus, or protozoan?

its size and shape under a light microscope

Archae

lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will _____ by osmosis.

lose water

When phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleic acid of its host cell and is replicated when the host DNA is replicated, this is considered part of which cycle?

lysogenic cycle

Nanotubes are extensions of the ________________ that can function in ________________.

membrane, nutrient transfer

gram stains are

most widely used differential stain in microbiology

A pathogen would most accurately be described as a

parasite

Which of the following is present in both gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls?

peptidoglycan

An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is a

photoautotroph

Which structure plays a direct role in the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells?

pilus

Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called

plaques

The host cells that viruses can infect are determined by the

receptors on the host cells

Fungi produce which structures for reproduction and multiplication?

spores

A virus that undergoes lysogeny is a/an

temperate phage

a virus needs a host in order to replicate

true

viruses contain either DNA or RNA

true

Which descriptors are likely to have applied to the earliest microbes on the planet?

two of the above

psychophriles

0-15

Since 2000, the number of orders of viruses recognized by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses has risen from ___ to ___ .

1,9

psychotrophs

4-25

___% of human DNA is thought to consist of viral DNA sequences.

40-80

thermophiles

50-80

hyperthermophiles

80-110

Which of the following would be used to identify an unknown bacterial culture that came from a patient in the intensive care unit?

Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

Which of the following is true of passive transport?

It requires a gradient.

algae

can reproduce on its own, overgrowth of one type causes red tide, photosynthetic organism, are eukaryotes

acid fast stains use

carbolfuchsin and treated with acid-alcohol

In a viable count, each ____ represents a ______ from the sample population.

colony, CFU

differential stains alloe

differentiation between bacterial species

true of protozoa

eukaryotes, lack a cell wall, are unicellular

all bacteria require light to grow

false

selective media

favor or select a certain microbe and allows it to gro