Microbiology
Please select all of the unique characteristics of microorganisms that make them difficult to study. - Microbes exist naturally in mixed cultures with many different types of organisms. - Microbes require special techniques to observe and analyze them. - Microbes are invisible to the naked eye. - Biologists can only use their senses of sight, touch, and smell to study microbes. - Microbes have a different genetic code, making it difficult to compare to other organisms.
- Microbes exist naturally in mixed cultures with many different types of organisms. - Microbes require special techniques to observe and analyze them. - Microbes are invisible to the naked eye. - Biologists can only use their senses of sight, touch, and smell to study microbes.
What qualities of microorganisms make them difficult to study? Check All That Apply - Microorganisms are typically found in complex associations. - Microorganisms are found in virtually all habitats. - Microorganisms are very small. - Microorganisms must usually be grown under artificial conditions. - Microorganisms have identical biochemical traits.
- Microorganisms are typically found in complex associations. - Microorganisms are very small.
which microbes require live media for growth? -viruses -rickettsias - certain forms of bacteria - fungi
- viruses - rickettsias
Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long? 3.5 Million years 1.5 Billion years 1.5 Million years 3.5 Billion years
3.5 Billion years
Which were some of the first organisms genetically engineered? Bacteria Helminths Viruses Fungi
Bacteria and Fungi
_____ and _____ are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.
Bacteria and Fungi
The field which uses microbes to produce specific desired products
Biotechnology
Humans belong the the Phylum _____ and Class _____
Chordata, Mammalia
Please select characteristics exhibited by prokaryotes to test your understanding of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Check All That Apply DNADNA NucleusNucleus Golgi bodyGolgi body RibosomesRibosomes Cell wall
DNA, ribosomes, and a cell wall
Several types of organisms grow but show visibly different reactions
Differential medium
what is incubation?
Exposing the inoculated medium to optimal growth conditions, generally for a few hours or days.
T/F all bacteria can be cultured in the laboratory.
F
Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions? Kidney cancer Liver cancer Lung cancer Female infertility
Female infertility
Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores? Joseph Lister Louis Pasteur Ferdinand Cohn Ignaz Semmelweis Robert Koch
Ferdinand Cohn
The field which is concerned with food-borne diseases as well as food and beverage production
Food and dairy microbiology
Please select all of the following that are true regarding fungi. Fungi can be found in two cell forms; hyphae and yeasts. Fungi are autotrophic saprobes. Most fungi obtain nutrients from decaying matter but some fungi can be parasites of living hosts. Unicellular fungi are prokaryotic whereas multicellular fungi are eukaryotic.
Fungi can be found in two cell forms; hyphae and yeasts. Most fungi obtain nutrients from decaying matter but some fungi can be parasites of living hosts. Fungi are heterotrophic.
Grows wide variety of organisms
General-purpose medium
The field which manipulates DNA of an organism to create a new organism with a desired trait
Genetic engineering
What technology involves the deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism to create novel products? DNA fingerprinting Organic agriculture PCR Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering
Humans and apes belong to the Family _____
Hominidae
Which describes a good hypothesis? It must be true in all related situations. It must be developed from a scientific theory. It must be tested once to determine its complete validity. It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.
It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.
The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things was started by which of the following scientists? Pasteur Linnaeus Hooke Koch
Linnaeus
Condition in which the host chromosome carries bacteriophage DNA
Lysogeny
.What is isolation?
Methods for separating individual microbes and achieving isolated colonies that can be readily distinguished from one another microscopically
The study of molds and yeast is called __________. Multiple Choice mycology parastiology protozoology phycology
Mycology
Which of the following derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process. Microorganism Parasite Commensals Symbiont
Parasite
In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following? Bacteria Microorganisms Pathogens Animacules
Pathogens
What is inoculation?
Placing a sample into a container of medium that supplies nutrients for growth and is the first stage in culturing.
A ______ stain is one where the dye adheres to the cell whereas a _______ stain is one that colors the background surrounding the cell, leaving the cell unstained.
Positive;negative
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles? Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Stage in which the viral DNA is incorporated into the bacterial DNA
Prophage
_____ DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.
Recombinant
MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria? Staphylococcus schleiferi Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus aureus
A ____ environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.
Sterile
Some organisms studied in the microbiology laboratory will only grow in live cells or animals. (T/F)
T
______ is the science of organizing, classifying and naming living things.
Taxonomy
what is information gathering?
Testing of cultures using procedures that biochemical and enzyme characteristics, immunologic reactions, drug sensitivity, and genetic makeup
What are 3 ways microbes are involved in the earths ecosystem?
They produce greenhouse gases that help trap heat in the earths atmosphere, they break down molecules to release needed chemicals, and they live within higher organisms and assist them in obtaining nutrients.
Diseases, including some cancers, which were once considered noninfectious are now known to involve microbial infection. (T/F)
True
The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microorganism? Fungi Bacteria Protozoa Viruses
Viruses
Which of the following diseases are spread by the Aedes mosquito? Lyme disease Zika Malaria Dengue Chikungunya
Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya
A Petri dish containing isolated colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa would be described as being - a pure culture. - a mixed culture. - a contaminated culture. - an axenic culture.
a mixed culture.
Which type of microbiologist would be most likely to work with organisms that are visible to the naked eye?
a parasitologist
The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called
bacteriology
Reproduction of bacteria and archaea
binary fission
In the ______ system of nomenclature, organisms are assigned and identified by a two-word name representing the genus and species names.
binomial
The most widely used type of light microscope is the bright-field microscope. dark-field microscope. phase-contrast microscope. confocal microscope. fluorescence microscope.
bright-field microscope.
Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is the process of __________, which is part of taxonomy.
classification
which is the correct order of reagents when performing a gram stain?
crystal violet, gram's iodine, alcohol, safranin
The Gram stain technique is a ______ staining technique.
differential
"Greenhouse _____ such as carbon dioxide and _____ are produced by microbes.
gasses and methane
Nutrient agar is a microbiological growth medium designed to grow a wide variety of bacterial species. The medium contains beef extract, a mix of naturally occurring proteins, sodium chloride, and 1.5% agar. This medium is classified as a - general-purpose, complex, solid medium. - general-purpose, defined, solid medium. - selective, defined, solid medium. - selective, defined, liquid medium. - general-purpose, complex, liquid medium.
general-purpose, complex, solid medium.
For the microbe, Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents the _____ level of classification
genus
please choose the statement which best explains the significance of microorganisms not being culturable.
microbes which cannot be cultured may be the cause of diseases which are now considered non-infectious.
The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______. micrometers; nanometers millimeters; nanometers micrometers; micrometers nanometers; micrometers
micrometers; nanometers
what is inspection?
observing cultures microscopically for appearance of growth and microscopically for appearance of cells
A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) _______ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.
parasite
relatedness between groups of living things
phylogeny
Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated? Malaria Smallpox Polio Cholera
polio
a ______ stain is one where the dye adheres to the cell whereas a _______ stain is one that colors the background surrounding the cell, leaving the cell unstained.
positive; negative
The field dedicated to monitoring and controlling the spread of disease within a population
public health microbiology and epidermology
In a light microscope, the objective lens forms the __________ image, which then is magnified by the ocular lens to form the __________ image that is received by the eye.
real; virtual
To obtain a three-dimensional view of the surface of a protozoan parasite with a total magnification of 10,000x, the best instrument to use would be a confocal microscope. transmission electron microscope. scanning electron microscope. phase-contrast microscope.
scanning electron microscope.
Grows some types of organisms but restricts other types
selective medium
Viral particles are usually _____ (larger/smaller) than prokaryotic cells.
smaller
Which of the following human diseases have been eradicated? Smallpox Polio Rubella Measles Malaria
smallpox
An isolation technique in which an inoculating loop is used to spread a liquid sample over the surface of a solid medium, following a pattern that gradually thins out the sample is a loop dilution. pour plate. streak plate. spread plate.
streak plate.
Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that is has become known as a(n) _____
superbug
Please choose the development that led to the new three domain system of classification.
the discovery of rRNA leading to an understanding of archaeons
Following binomial nomenclature, which of the following makes up the scientific name of an organism?
the genus name and then the species name
What is the purpose of heat fixation?
to adhere the cells to the slide for the staining process
True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic. True False
true
What type of media would be the best choice for isolating a bacterial colony? nutrient broth motility media trypticase soy agar trypticase soy broth
trypticase soy agar
Mannitol salt agar contains (among other ingredients) extracts of animal tissue and mixed proteins, along with sodium chloride, which inhibits the growth of organisms other than those in the genus Staphylococcus. It also includes mannitol, which is fermented by Staphylococcus aureus, turning the medium yellow. Other species of Staphylococcus (which do not ferment mannitol) will still grow, but the medium remains red in color. Mannitol salt agar could be classified as Check All That Apply a solid medium.a solid medium. a liquid medium.a liquid medium. a differential medium.a differential medium. a selective medium.a selective medium. a complex medium.a complex medium. a defined medium.a liquid medium.a liquid medium. Correct a differential medium.a differential medium. Correct a selective medium.
- a differential medium. - a selective medium. - a liquid medium
Brain-Heart Infusion broth is commonly used in microbiology laboratories for the propagation of many different kinds of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus. Check all of the following terms that can be used to describe Brain-Heart Infusion broth. - defined - synthetic - complex - selective - differential
- complex - selective - synthetic - differential
Please order the following choices to show the proper sequence for bacteriophage multiplication from the first step to the last step. Assembly Release Synthesis Adsorption Penetration
1.Adsorption 2.Penetration 3.Synthesis 4.Assembly 5.Release
What would be the power of magnification when using a microscope with a 10x ocular lens and a 45x objective lens?
450x
The field which studies the relationships between microbes and domestic plants and animals
Agricultural microbiology
When people travel disease can spread. Which is the current mode of travel that is likely to be a big factor in the next pandemic? Subways Train Airplane Ship Buses
Airplane
What is identification?
Analysis of collected data to help support a final determination of the types of microbes present in the original sample; this is accomplished by a variety of schemes
Who developed the first single-lens microscope? John Snow Robert Koch Ignaz Semmelweis Louis Pasteur Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Which of the following diseases has emerged due to human encroaching into new territory and wild habitats? Lyme disease Ebola fever Cholera Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Influenza
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Lyme disease, Ebola
Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers? Helicobacter Klebsiella Staphylococcus Escherichia
Helicobacter
Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce?
Host
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology? The organization of life into taxonomic hierarchies The development of the microscope The discovery of DNA
The development of the microscope
What is incorrect/missing in the steps below for the proper technique for making a smear? • Label a slide. • Place a small drop of water on the slide. • Gently pick up an isolated colony from a Petri dish. • Immerse and suspend the colony. • Sterilize the inoculating loop. • Let slide dry for five minutes.
The inoculating loop should be sterilized before picking up a colony from the dish
An isolated colony is formed when
a single cell divides many times to a mound of identical cells.
Please select all of the statements that are true about endospores. Check All That Apply Bacterial endospores are highly resistant to heat, drying, and radiation. Endospores are only found in the environment and are not medically relevant. Endospores can exist in the environment for indefinite periods of time. Endospores resist boiling and therefore steam must be used to destroy endospores present in food. Endospores can be formed by any genus of bacteria.
all of the above
What types of information may be gathered to aid in the identification of a microbiological specimen? Check All That Apply -macroscopic appearance - drug sensitivity drug sensitivity - genetic typing - physiological traits - immunological characteristics
all of them
please select which of the following that are correct to test your understanding of resolution and resolving power. -all of these are correct -the resolving power of a microscope depends on the numerical aperture of the lenses. -the resolution of a microscope depends on the wavelength of light used. -resolution is the ability to distinguish between two adjacent objects.
all of these are correct
select the correct statement(s) regarding fresh preparations. -fresh preparations can be prepared using a hanging-drop slide. -locomotion of cells can be observed. -all of these are correct -they are used to observe specimens as close to the natural state as possible.
all of these are correct
which of the following descriptions are true for basic dyes used in microbiology? -binds to negatively charged parts of the cell -crystal violet is an example -all of these are correct for basic dyes -positively charged
all of these are correct for basic dyes
select all of the responses which indicate the importance of the Gram stain. -all of these are true -gram stain results can help classify bacteria. -gram stain results can assist in choosing appropriate drug treatment. -gram stain results can assist in diagnosing bacterial infections.
all of these are true
which statement is TRUE regarding isolated colonies -isolated colonies form on solid nutrient media. -the cells within the colony are all the same species. -all of these are true -the colony results from a single cell or a cluster of cells multiplying into a visible mass.
all of these are true
Which of the following correctly describe the color of different cells after using the Gram staining technique? Check All That Apply gram-negative—purple gram-negative—pink/red gram-positive—purple gram-positive—pink/red
gram-negative—pink/red gram-positive—purple
A(n) _____ is a tentative explanation of an observation.
hypothesis
The field which studies the protective reactions to microbial infections, examples include blood testing and vaccination
immunology
Encouraging the growth of a microbe by altering the temperature, along with the concentration of gases like oxygen or carbon dioxide, is best referred to as
incubation
Microorganisms called psychrophiles will grow only at low temperatures (at or near 0°C). This restriction on a microbes growth would most directly impact inoculation. incubation. Correct isolation. inspection. information gathering. identification.
incubation
What are the six I's?
inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, information gathering, identification
