Microbiology BIO-352-02/03 CU

The smallest and least inclusive taxon (level) is Select one: a. genus. b. species. c. kingdom. d. family. e. phylum.

b. species.

In the helminth life cycle, adulthood and mating of the worm occur in which type of host?

Definitive

Helminths belong to which domain of life?

Eukarya

Chickenpox would be classified as which of the following Select one: a. pneumotropic b. dermotropic c. viscerotropic d. neurotropic

Feedback The correct answer is: dermotropic

During aerobic cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is Select one: a. pyruvic acid. b. oxygen. c. nitrate. d. cytochrome c. e. FAD.

b. oxygen.

An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process toxic oxygen products is aNo Select one: a. Aerobe b. Obligate aerobe c. Facultative anaerobe d. Microaerophile e. Obligate anaerobe

a. Aerobe

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called Select one: a. Classification b. Identification c. Nomenclature d. Experimentation e. Biotechnology

a. Classification

A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is NOT chemically definable would be termed Select one: a. Complex b. Reducing c. Enriched d. Synthetic Incorrect e. None of the choices are correct

a. Complex

Viruses with _____ sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with _____ sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message. Select one: a. Positive, negative b. Negative, positive c. Primary, secondary d. Secondary, primary e. None of the choices are correct

a. Positive, negative

Mediated transport of polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane utilizes a _____ _____ that will bind to the substance effecting a conformational change that allows movement across the membrane. Select one: a. Protein carrier b. Lipid carrier c. Porin carrier d. Enzyme carrier e. All of the choices are correct

a. Protein carrier

____ cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity and ____ cells are responsible for antibody-mediated immunity. Select one: a. T; B b. B; T c. T; T d. T and B cells; T and B cells

a. T; B

Helicase Select one: a. Unwinds DNA b. Super coils DNA c. Unwinds RNA d. Winds RNA e. None of the choices are correct

a. Unwinds DNA

Factors related to the host's susceptibility are Select one: a. age and nutritional status. b. the number and concentration of pathogens. c. living conditions of the host and exposure to hazardous substances. d. the virulence of the pathogen and point of entry.

a. age and nutritional status.

A selective growth medium Select one: a. allows only certain bacteria to grow. b. allows all bacteria to grow. c. allows no bacteria to grow. d. accentuates differences between the growing bacteria.

a. allows only certain bacteria to grow.

Which of the following is correct about viruses? Select one: a. cannot be seen with a light microscope b. are procaryotic c. contain ribosomes d. undergo binary fission e. can be grown on nutrient agar

a. cannot be seen with a light microscope

The term used to describe bacteria that have a spherical shape is Select one: a. coccus. b. bacillus. c. vibrio. d. coccobacillus.

a. coccus.

Virulence factors include all the following except Select one: a. capsules. b. ribosomes. c. exoenzymes. d. endotoxin. e. exotoxin.

b. ribosomes.

During which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed? Select one: a. electron transport b. TCA (Kreb's) cycle c. glycolysis d. processing of pyruvic acid for the TCA cycle e. All phases produce the same number of ATP molecules.

a. electron transport

Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, provides a natural defense against bacteria by Select one: a. hydrolyzing (destroying) the peptidoglycan layer in cell walls. b. inhibiting protein synthesis. c. removing flagella. d. dissolving the cell membrane. e. removing the capsule from outside the cell.

a. hydrolyzing (destroying) the peptidoglycan layer in cell walls.

NCLEX Prep - Test Bank Question: Please read the clinical scenario, and then answer the questions that follow to become familiar with the traditional NCLEX question format. A 36-year-old female is bit by a raccoon and presents to the emergency department with mild trauma to her right lower extremity. Following a triage assessment, the patient's wound is dressed. The physician verbalizes concern that the patient may have been exposed to rabies from the bite. As the RN, you provide education to the patient regarding rabies infection and its transmission. Which of the following terms most appropriately describes the role of the raccoon in the patient's exposure to infection? Select one: a. living reservoir b. nonliving reservoir c. carrier d. biological vector

a. living reservoir

The presence of microorganisms in the blood, causing blood poisoning is called Select one: a. septicemia. b. systemic. c. toxemia. d. phytogenic. e. viremia

a. septicemia.

Life's ultimate source of energy is derived from Select one: a. the sun. b. plants. c. water. d. air. e. cells.

a. the sun.

Each turn of the Krebs cycle produces Select one: a. 2 FADH2, 1ATP, and 3 NADH. b. 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH. c. 3 FADH2, 2 ATP, and 1 NADH. d. 1 FADH2, 3 ATP, and 2 NADH.

b. 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, and 3 NADH.

The rigid barrier that prevents osmotic lysis in prokaryotes is the: Select one: a. Cell membrane b. Cell wall c. Flagellum d. nucleus e. Cytoplasm

b. Cell wall

During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a/an a. Endospore b. Cyst c. Seed d. Trophozoite e. Sporozoa

b. Cyst

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a cancerous cell? Select one: a. Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA b. Decreased growth rate c. Alterations in chromosomes d. Changes in cell surface molecules e. Capacity to divide indefinitely

b. Decreased growth rate

_________________ is the most important factor in preventing the transmission of infections in any health care setting. Select one: a. Antibiotics b. Handwashing c. Management d. Surveillance e. Chemical disinfection

b. Handwashing

Which of the following represents a virus family name? Select one: a. Herpes simplex virus b. Herpesviridae c. Picornavirus d. Enterovirus e. Hepatitis B virus

b. Herpesviridae

Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease? Select one: a. Fracastoro b. Koch c. Pasteur d. Lister

b. Koch

Lister developed his ideas on asepsis after studying the work of Select one: a. Koch. b. Pasteur. c. Jenner. d. Fleming.

b. Pasteur.

The three physical forms of laboratory media are Select one: a. Solid, liquid, gas b. Solid, semisolid, liquid c. Streak plate, pour plate, broth d. Aerobic, anaerobic, micro aerobic e. None of the choices are correct

b. Solid, semisolid, liquid

The presence of a positive chemical stimuli will result in Select one: a. an increase in tumbles and a decrease in runs causing the bacteria to move toward the stimuli b. a decrease in tumbles and an increase in runs causing the bacteria to move toward the stimuli c. an increase in tumbles and a decrease in runs causing the bacteria to move away from the stimuli d. a decrease in tumbles and an increase in runs causing the bacteria to move away from the stimuli e. all of the above

b. a decrease in tumbles and an increase in runs causing the bacteria to move toward the stimuli

The bone marrow is where Select one: a. immune responses to antigen occur. b. blood stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes. c. antigen is filtered from the blood. d. antigen is filtered from tissue fluid. e. T lymphocytes complete maturation.

b. blood stem cells give rise to immature lymphocytes.

An example of artificial active immunity would be Select one: a. chickenpox infection is followed by lifelong immunity. b. chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox. c. giving a person immune serum globulins to chickenpox virus after exposure to the disease. d. a fetus acquiring maternal IgG to the chickenpox virus across the placenta. e. None of the choices are correct.

b. chickenpox vaccine triggers extended immunity to chickenpox.

When humans use the genes of microorganisms to make new products or modified organisms the process is called Select one: a. bioremediation. b. genetic engineering. c. epidemiology. d. immunology. e. taxonomy.

b. genetic engineering.

The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is Select one: a. isolation. b. inoculation. c. immunization. d. infection. e. contamination.

b. inoculation.

A __________ infection is one in which the virus quits reproducing and remains dormant for a period before becoming active again. Select one: a. persistent b. latent c. slow virus d. none of these

b. latent

Diseases in animals caused by fungi are called Select one: a. funguses. b. mycoses. c. dictyoses. d. cystoses.

b. mycoses.

Organisms that require gaseous oxygen for metabolism are referred to as Select one: a. facultative aerobes. b. obligate aerobes. c. facultative anaerobes. d. microaerophiles.

b. obligate aerobes.

What part of the DNA forms the backbone or outside "ladder" structures? Select one: a. hydrogen atoms b. sugar-phosphates c. nucleotide bases d. none of the choices

b. sugar-phosphates

To go through glycolysis, _________ ATP per glucose molecule must be "invested" in order to activate the glucose molecule. Select one: a. one b. two c. three d. four

b. two

The work of Tyndall and Cohn Select one: a. supported the idea of spontaneous generation. b. was used to explain why others investigating spontaneous generation had obtained results that were opposite of those obtained by Pasteur. c. showed that microbes caused disease. d. allowed scientists to see microorganisms.

b. was used to explain why others investigating spontaneous generation had obtained results that were opposite of those obtained by Pasteur.

Agar is an important component of media because Select one: a. Bacteria require agar to grow b. Agar inhibits mold growth c. Agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth d. Agar prevents contamination e. All of the choices are correct

c. Agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth

Which of the following require the cell to use ATP? Select one: a. Facilitated diffusion b. Diffusion c. Endocytosis d. Osmosis e. None of the choices are correct

c. Endocytosis

Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar and in a candle jar. After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator shelf. This species is a/an Select one: a. Aerobe b. Anaerobe c. Facultative anaerobe d. Microaerophile e. Capnophile

c. Facultative anaerobe

What compound has the highest concentration in a cell? Select one: a. CO2 b. CH4 c. H2O d. Glucose e. NH3

c. H2O

Which of the following is NOT a domain? Select one: a. Eukarya b. Archaea c. Protista d. Bacteria

c. Protista

The toxic superoxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes, Select one: a. Catalase and hydrogen peroxidases b. Superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxidase c. Superoxide dismutase and catalase d. Catalase and oxidase e. Superoxide dismutase and oxidase

c. Superoxide dismutase and catalase

The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl COAgroup begins Select one: a. glycolysis. b. electron transport system. c. TCA (Krebs) cycle. d. fermentation. e. oxidative phosphorylation.

c. TCA (Krebs) cycle.

What do zygospores, ascospores, and basidiospores have in common? Select one: a. They are enclosed in a sac. b. They are types of conidia. c. They are sexual spores. d. They are found only in molds. e. All of the choices are correct.

c. They are sexual spores.

The tapeworm contain both female and male sex organs is called Select one: a. mitotic animals. b. asexual. c. hermaphroditic. d. reproductive. e. none of the choices.

c. hermaphroditic.

The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population is the Select one: a. mortality rate. b. morbidity rate. c. incidence rate. d. prevalence rate. e. epidemic rate.

c. incidence rate.

The Six's of studying microorganisms include all of the following except Select one: a. inoculation. b. incubation. c. infection. d. isolation. e. identification.

c. infection.

The system by which organisms are assigned names is referred to as Select one: a. systematics. b. naming. c. nomenclature. d. cladistics.

c. nomenclature.

Disease-causing microorganisms are called Select one: a. decomposers. b. procaryotes. c. pathogens. d. eucaryotes. e. fermenters.

c. pathogens.

You are using a microscope to examine a culture of bacteria and you chains of rod shaped bacteria. Based on this observation you would conclude that they are: Select one: a. staphylococcus b. vibrio c. streptobacillus d. streptococcus e. pallisades

c. streptobacillus

Which of the following is incorrect about termination codons? Select one: a. can be produced by a nonsense mutation b. cause the ribosome to fall apart and release the polypeptide c. they include AUG d. they include UAA, UAG, UGA e. they do not have corresponding tRNA

c. they include AUG

All of the following are helminths except Select one: a. pinworms. b. flukes. c. trypanosomes. d. roundworms. e. tapeworms.

c. trypanosomes.

The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is Select one: a. adsorption. b. penetration. c. uncoating. d. synthesis. e. assembly.

c. uncoating.

Hepatitis C is a viral disease in the liver, it would be classified as which of the following Select one: a. pneumotropic b. dermotropic c. viscerotropic d. neurotropic

c. viscerotropic

Members of Archaea are often referred to as extremeophils because they live in conditions of extreme: a. Temperature b. Salinity c. Heat d. All of the above are correct e. None of the above are correct

d. All of the above are correct

Which of the following is a binomial name in its correct form? a. bacillus b. bacillus subtilis c. Bacillus Subtilis d. Bacillus subtilis (italicized) e. bacilli

d. Bacillus subtilis (italicized)

The term chemotroph refers to an organism that Select one: a. Uses CO2 for its carbon source b. Must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs c. Gets energy from sunlight d. Gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds e. Does not need a carbon source

d. Gets energy by oxidizing chemical compounds

Who first described cells? Select one: a. Darwin b. Golgi c. Linnaeus d. Hooke

d. Hooke

Which of the following is not a part of the immune system? Select one: a. Blood stream b. Extracellular fluid c. Lymphatic system d. Intracellular fluid e. Reticuloendothelial system

d. Intracellular fluid

The scientist who introduced aseptic technique into medical settings was? Select one: a. Robert Koch. b. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. c. Carl Woese . Incorrect d. Joseph Lister. e. Francesco Redi.

d. Joseph Lister.

Experimentation Select one: a. Is designed to refute an hypothesis b. Is designed to support an hypothesis c. Provides a means to gather subjective data d. Provides a means to gather objective data e. Is the first step in the scientific method

d. Provides a means to gather objective data

Which is NOT a characteristic of all life? Select one: a. Movement and/or irritability b. Metabolism c. Reproduction d. Random cell structure e. Growth and development

d. Random cell structure

Specificity and memory are associated with which body defense mechanism? Select one: a. inflammatory response b. phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils c. interferon d. T cell and B cell responses e. anatomical barriers in the body

d. T cell and B cell responses

Which of the following does not pertain to prokaryotic cell membranes? Select one: a. selectively permeable b. is similar to the Eukaryotic cell membrane in structure c. are composed of a phospholipid bilayer d. are composed of petidoglycan e. function - regulates transport of nutrients and wastes

d. are composed of petidoglycan

Viruses that infect bacteria are referred to as Select one: a. viralcidens. b. bacteriocidins. c. bacterialogens. d. bacteriophages.

d. bacteriophages.

Louis Pasteur contributed all of the following except? Select one: a. microbes cause disease (Germ Theory) b. Process of killing microbes that cause spoilage c. microbes arise in cultures by exposure to the air d. described endospores

d. described endospores

The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on Spontaneous Generation that made them difficult to sterilize are a. chlorophyll. b. toxins. c. organelles. d. endospores.

d. endospores

Most species of tapeworms live in the Select one: a. stomachs of vertebrates. b. lungs of vertebrates. c. livers of vertebrates. d. intestines of vertebrates. e. hearts of vertebrates.

d. intestines of vertebrates.

Comprise 3-7% of circulating WBC's, are phagocytic, and can migrate out into body tissues to differentiate into macrophages: Select one: a. basophils b. eosinophils c. neutrophils d. monocytes e. lymphocytes

d. monocytes

The system of tangled fungal hyphae that penetrates and grows through the substrate is called aNo Select one: a. exoskeleton. b. rhizoids. c. mushroom. d. mycelium. e. sporangium.

d. mycelium.

A disease-causing microorganism or virus is referred to as aNo Select one: a. avirulent infection. b. colony. c. commensal. d. pathogen.

d. pathogen.

The codons CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG all code for the amino acid threonine. This is because the genetic code is Select one: a. generic b. faulty c. reducible d. redundant e. All of the answers are correct

d. redundant

The primary, natural habitat of a pathogen where it continues to exist is called the Select one: a. fomite. b. carrier. c. vector. d. reservoir. e. source.

d. reservoir.

The bacterial structure that allows cells to adhere to each other and form biofilms is the Select one: a. cord factor b. flagella c. fimbriae d. slime layer (glycocalyx) e. sex pilus

d. slime layer (glycocalyx)

The three domain classification scheme uses Select one: a. order, phylum, class. b. plants, animals, bacteria. c. protista, prokaryotae, fungaea. d. Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya.

d.Archaea, Bacteria, Eucarya.

Which is usually true of Bacteria? Select one: a. They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals. b. They reproduce by binary fission. c. They contain rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan. d. They are found as single cells. e. All of the choices are correct.

e. All of the choices are correct

Endospores are Select one: a. metabolically inactive. b. resistant to heat and chemical destruction. c. formed by certain gram + bacteria through sporulation. d. able to germinate when conditions are good. e. All of the choices are correct.

e. All of the choices are correct.

Which technique(s) is/are used to help identify and classify bacteria? Select one: a. microscopic examination b. culture characteristics c. biochemical tests d. nucleic acid analysis e. All of the choices are correct.

e. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? Select one: a. live lab animals b. embryonated bird eggs c. primary cell cultures d. continuous cell cultures e. All of the choices will support viral cultivation.

e. All of the choices will support viral cultivation.

What are the five main classes of immunoglobulins found in humans? Select one: a. IgA, IgC, IgE, IgG, IgI b. IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM, IgS c. IgB, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM d. IgA, IgB, IgC, IgD, IgE e. IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

e. IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM

Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another are termed Select one: a. symptomatic. b. clinical. c. acute. d. latent. e. communicable.

e. communicable.

The human body typically begins to be colonized by its normal flora Select one: a. before birth, in utero. b. during, and immediately after birth. c. when a child first goes to school. d. when an infant gets its first infectious disease. e. during puberty.

e. during, and immediately after birth.

The core of every virus particle always contains Select one: a. DNA. b. capsomers. c. enzymes. d. DNA and RNA. e. either DNA or RNA.

e. either DNA or RNA.

Microbial coagulase is an example of Select one: a. adhesive factors. b. exotoxins. c. hemolysins. d. leukocydins. e. exoenzymes.

e. exoenzymes.

The cell wall of Gram-negative organisms Select one: a. has a thick peptidoglycan layer. b. has a thin peptidoglycan layer. c. is more permeable to various molecules than the Gram-positive cell wall. d. is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS. e. has a thin peptidoglycan layer AND is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS.

e. has a thin peptidoglycan layer AND is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS.

______ mutations are caused by exposure to known mutagens. Select one: a. spontaneous. b. redundant. c. derived. d. beneficial. e. induced.

e. induced.

Fever Select one: a. enhances bacterial growth. b. inhibits bacterial growth. c. speeds up the body's reactions. d. triggers complement. e. inhibits bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions.

e. inhibits bacterial growth AND speeds up the body's reactions.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions in synthesis of ___________. Select one: a. glycogen b. proteins c. glucose d. nucleic acids e. lipids

e. lipids

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that produce which of the following molecules? Select one: a. steroids b. lipids c. glucose d. starches e. proteins

e. proteins

The basic taxonomic unit in the classification scheme of plants and animals is Select one: a. kingdom. b. class. c. order. d. genus. e. species.

e. species.

A nutrient medium that has all of its organic and inorganic compounds in exact concentrations and is reproducible would be termed Select one: a. complex. b. reducing. c. enriched. d. enumeration. e. synthetic.

e. synthetic.

Many helminths are hermaphroditic, meaning they

have both male and female sex organs.

These organisms must have a host to continue their life cycle. They are known as _____________ parasites.

obligate

Enterobius vermicularis (last 2 words italicized) is multicellular and have a complete digestive system classifiying them as

roundworms