Microbiology: Chapter 19

Upper

Most of the normal flora in the respiratory tract is located in the __ respiratory tract.

Trachea; Bronchus; Bronchioles; Alveoli

The lower respiratory tract includes the __, the __, the __ in the lungs and the __.

1. Bronchi 2. Alveoli 3. Bronchioles 4. Trachea

The lower respiratory tract includes which of the following structures.

Pathogenic

Even though they are considered ""normal" biota, many __ bacteria are frequently present in the upper respiratory system.

Pathogens

Many __ are part of the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract.

Alveoli

Oxygen exchange in the lungs occurs in the:

Upper

The __ respiratory tract normally contains a large population of commensal microorganisms.

Nasal; Cilia; Mucus

The anatomical and first lines of defense in the upper respiratory system include __ hairs, __ on the epithelia, trachea, and bronchi, and __ on the surface of membranes lining the upper respiratory tract.

Reduce the growth of harmful pathogens in the system.

The role of the normal biota in the upper respiratory tract is to:

Macrophages; Antibodies

The specific lines of defense in the upper respiratory tract include __ in the alveoli and tonsils and specific __ in the mucus.

1. Larynx 2. Epiglottis 3. Sinuses 4. Nasal Cavity 5. Pharynx 6. Oral Cavity

The upper respiratory tract includes which of the following structures?

True

True or False: Organisms that have the potential to cause serious disease are often members of the microbial population in the upper respiratory tract, but may not actually cause disease in the host.

1. Secretory IgA 2. Alveolar Macrophages

Which of the following are second and third line defenses for the respiratory system?

Respiratory Tract

Which of the following is the most common portal of entry for pathogens?

Streptococcus; Staphylococcus

Which two gram-positive bacterial groups are very common members of the upper respiratory tract biota?