Microbiology: Chapter 19
Upper
Most of the normal flora in the respiratory tract is located in the __ respiratory tract.
Trachea; Bronchus; Bronchioles; Alveoli
The lower respiratory tract includes the __, the __, the __ in the lungs and the __.
1. Bronchi 2. Alveoli 3. Bronchioles 4. Trachea
The lower respiratory tract includes which of the following structures.
Pathogenic
Even though they are considered ""normal" biota, many __ bacteria are frequently present in the upper respiratory system.
Pathogens
Many __ are part of the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract.
Alveoli
Oxygen exchange in the lungs occurs in the:
Upper
The __ respiratory tract normally contains a large population of commensal microorganisms.
Nasal; Cilia; Mucus
The anatomical and first lines of defense in the upper respiratory system include __ hairs, __ on the epithelia, trachea, and bronchi, and __ on the surface of membranes lining the upper respiratory tract.
Reduce the growth of harmful pathogens in the system.
The role of the normal biota in the upper respiratory tract is to:
Macrophages; Antibodies
The specific lines of defense in the upper respiratory tract include __ in the alveoli and tonsils and specific __ in the mucus.
1. Larynx 2. Epiglottis 3. Sinuses 4. Nasal Cavity 5. Pharynx 6. Oral Cavity
The upper respiratory tract includes which of the following structures?
True
True or False: Organisms that have the potential to cause serious disease are often members of the microbial population in the upper respiratory tract, but may not actually cause disease in the host.
1. Secretory IgA 2. Alveolar Macrophages
Which of the following are second and third line defenses for the respiratory system?
Respiratory Tract
Which of the following is the most common portal of entry for pathogens?
Streptococcus; Staphylococcus
Which two gram-positive bacterial groups are very common members of the upper respiratory tract biota?