microbiology

Chlamydia transmission

- sexual contact (can be spread to mouth and throat) - woman to infant during childbirth

Rickettsia typhi

-Endemic typhus -Fleas

what are the reasons of concern with candida auris

1.It is often multi-drug resistant; resistant to antifungal drugs commonly used to treat Candida infections. 2. It has caused outbreaks in healthcare settings. For this reason, rapid identification of C. auris in a hospital patient is particularly important so that hospitals can take special precautions to stop its spread. 3. It is difficult to identify with standard laboratory methods, and can be misidentified without special technology. Misidentification leads to inappropriate treatment,

chlamydia

A sexually transmitted disease, the most common in developed countries, caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. Often producing no symptoms, it can cause infertility, chronic pain, or a tubal pregnancy if left untreated. Chlamydia trachomatis

rocky mountain spotted fever symptoms

A week after tick bite: -High fever -N/V -Muscle aches/arthralgias -malaise -Rash = red macule/papules to petechiae on wrists/palms and ankles/soles, spreading centrally to trunk (Can be fatal if not treated) --- can become necrotic

tinea cruris

A. Jock itch (groin area)

epidemic typhus

Bacterial disease caused by Rickettsia and transmitted by the body louse. Outbreaks often associated with times of conflict and war; historically, the course of conflicts were often regulated in part by the disease.

Tinea symptoms

Blister-like lesions - fluid discharge when scratched, cracks- open fissure - bacterial contamination

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Caused by Rickettsia rickettsii Sx: rash on palms and soles (migrating to wrists, ankles, then trunk), HA, fever. Endemic to East Coast (in spite of its name).

Rickettsia akari

Causes rickettsial pox

Most common STD

Chlamydia

elementary bodies

Chlamydia spp live as ________ when they need to survive outside of a host cell. INACTIVE FORM A small dormant body that serves as the agent of transmission between hosts cells in the chlamydial life cycle.

epidemic typus transmission

Cold climates, poor sanitation, crowding during natural disasters, famine, infrequent Scratch into wound Inhalation Blow into eyes

Rickettsial pox is caused by

Common house mite from common house mouse

rickettsia typhi transmission

Rat flea bite --- deficate on skin - enters bite, Can contaminate clothes. common in rats

brill zinsser disease

Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later --recurrence of endemic typhus

Brill-Zinsser disease

Recurrences of rickettsia prowazaki up to 50 yrs later remains infected for long periods of tim

rickettsial pox

Rickettsia akari --- no WF reaction

Rickettsia transmission

Rickettsia infections often involve a characteristic rash and tick, lice or flea vectors.

epidemic typhus is caused by

Rickettsia prowazekii and transmitted by body lice. It is associated with war, famine and poverty.

rocky mountain spotted fever cause

Rickettsia rickettsia, spread by ticks

Spotted fever group

Rickettsia rickettsii ------Rocky mountain spotted fever

Scrub typhus cause

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi ( mites)

The most common rickettsial disease in the US is

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rickettsia

Small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites that transmit infection to humans.

Sporotrichosis is caused by

Sporothrix schenckii

reticulate body

The form of chlamydiae that replicates and produces elementary bodies within the mucosal cell metabolically active

eschar

a thick layer of dead tissue and tissue fluid that develops over a deep burn area

Candida auris is diagnosed with

are usually diagnosed by fungal culture of blood or other body fluids, but can be confused with other types of Candida, especially Candida haemulonii.

dying patients that have epidemic typhus exhibit what symptoms

encephalitis, myocarditis, interstitial nephritis and shock.

rickettsia typhi

endemic typhus --- transmitted by fleas

rickettsial pox symptoms

eschar Fever malaise headache M-P rash on face, trunk, extremities, becomes vesicular like chicken pox.

Scrub typhus symptoms

eschar Sudden onset of headache fever pneumonia macular rash lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly

Endemic typhus symptoms

fever headache malaise myalgias nausea RED MACULAR RASH ---- starts in the trunk and spreads to the extremities --- no rash on the hand, feet or head

tinea pedis

fungal infection of the foot; athlete's foot athlete's foot

tinea capitis

fungal infection of the scalp

is rickettsia gram negative or gram positive

gram negative

which age group is susceptible to rocky mountain spotted fever

individuals younger then 19 years old are usually at risk males affected twice as often as females it is common during summer months

Weil-Felix Reaction

is an agglutination test for the diagnosis of rickettsial infections. an agglutination test for various rickettsial infections (as typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever) using particular strains of bacteria of the genus Proteus that have antigens in common with the rickettsiae to be identified

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by

is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii which is transmitted by hard ticks.

scrub typhus symptoms can progress to which fatal conditions

meningoencephalitis myocarditis shock.

tinea barbae

ringworm of the beard

tinea corporis

ringworm of the body

tinea unguium

ringworm of the nails

ROSE THORN DISEASE causative agent

sporotrichosis

Sporothrix schenckii

sporotrichosis (rose pickers disease)

dermatomycoses

Informally known as tineas or ringworm

most susceptible patients for candida auris

Most vulnerable are fragile hospital patients - particularly newborns and the elderly. Patients who have been in the ICU for a long time or have a central venous catheter placed in a large vein, and have previously received antibiotics or antifungal medications, appear to be at highest risk of infection.

Rickettsia typhi

Murine typhus (endemic typhus) spread by fleas bites

rocky mountain spotted fever treatment

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol effective if given early prior to irreversible organ damage -- no vaccine

candida auris

Emerging global health threat Resistant to all three major classes of antifungals Can persist on surfaces and *spread between* patients --- ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT This puts the pathogen on the ever-growing list of superbugs resistant to many, and in some cases, all antibiotics. This yeast can enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body causing serious invasive infections. This fungi is resistant to ALL antifungal agents!!

Rickettsia prowazekii

Epidemic typhus Spread by lice